In most watersheds, the concentration of dissolved solids in stream water decreases at high flows and increases at low flows. This phenomenon was first noticed by Durum (1953) and has been studied by worldwide simultaneous measurement of stream flow. As a result, various experimental and theoretical equations have been proposed relating concentration and stream flow (Hall, 1970). Although the concentration and stream flow equations stated above include two or four parameters, they can not fully represent the influences of dynamic hydrologic effects because they usually have only one independent variable, stream flow. At first, in this paper, hydrologic effects (dilution effect by precipitation, concentration effect by evapotranspiration, and mixing effect by the movement of water within a watershed) are examined using a watershed model. Secondly, a chemistry model for stream water is made incorporating mixing and adsorptionrelease relations within the watershed model. Finally, C1^- simulation is made using this chemistry model. W-6, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest of U. S. Forest Service, New Hampshire U.S.A. (Fig. 1) has been selected for the study, because many hydrologic, geologic, and chemical data have been accumulated so far. The data from May through November, or the non-snow covered season, of 1967, 1968, and 1974 are studied.
Federer (1972) presented a watershed model (Fig. 2) for Hubbard Brook, simplifying Stanford Watershed Model (Linsley and Crawford, 1960). In the present study, a base flow component is added to the watershed model, and optimizations of parameter values are carried out independently by a trial and error method.
The hydrologic effects are examined incorporating the calculations of amount and concentration of a material concerned into the watershed model for two cases; one represents when water is completely mixed in the watershed and the other when water is partially mixed. For both cases, it is assumed that the precipitation always has 1.0 unit concentration, that there are neither “sinks” nor “sources” within the watershed, and that there is no chemical reactions.
Variations of Cl^- concentrations of stream water are smaller than those of precipitation and those expected by hydrologic effects in Hubbard Brook. Therefore, some buffering mechanism must be at work. It is estimated that the buffering mechanism is mainly due to adsorption-release mechanism by podzol. Among several adsorption equations, Langmuir adsorption relation is employed to represent the buffering mechanism. A computer subroutine is made which uses regula falsi method to numerically solve the amount of adsorption or that of release so that the Langmuir equation is always met. A chemistry model is made adding the subroutine into the watershed model. In other words, in the chemistry model, the stream water chemistry is defined by three factors: input data of chemistry of precipitation, the hydrologic effects, and the buffering mechanism by adsorption and release.
The stream flows are well simulated on a daily basis by the watershed model (Fig. 3). According to the simulation, the mean, the maximum, and the minimum values of water storage in W-6 are 164, 199, and 81mm, respectively. Mean residence time of stream water is calculated to be about 83 days.
When the hydrologic effects are expressed by a ratio of concentration of stream water to that of precipitation, the mean, the maximum, and the minimum concentrations of stream water are 1.91, 3.87, and 1.23 units, respectively for the data of 1967 in case of the complete mixing. When the partial mixing is assumed, larger hydrologic effects are estimated. In addition, it is confirmed that the variations of concentrations of stream water due to hydrologic effects are minimal when water is completely mixed in a watershed.

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The study area, from Janggigok to Dangweol, is located in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula (Fig. 1).
Marine terraces distributed along the coast of the area were classified into three levels according to their altitude and continuity (Fig. 3); 1) the high terrace (Gampo surface), 2) the middle terrace (Seakcheonri surface), and 3) the low terrace (Sanhari surface).
The author investigated these terraces in order to clarify the geomorphic history of the area. The main results are as follows;
1) The high terrace (elevation 60 to 80m) is scattered throughout the area. This terrace surface is mostly an abrasion bench in origin occurring on the top of low hills and ridges which are composed of Cretaceous and Tertiary series (Fig. 2), and are partly covered with highly weathered gravel beds whose facies are of marine origin. At the type locality of Gampo (Fig. 4), its surface consists of weathered gravel beds more than 3m thick of wellsorted fiattish and rounded pebbles. Red soils and red weathered crusts, indicating past warm climatic conditions, are found on the surface of this terrace.
2) The middle terrace is the most widely and continuously distributed among the terraces in the area. The former shoreline on this terrace is 30 to 50m in height. The terrace surfaces is composed of well-sorted gravel beds filling small relief of bed rocks and in places overlying unconformably the weathered gravel beds of the high terrace. These gravel beds are mainly of marine origin, but at some places, their facies change from fluvial to marine from lower to upper. Soils on this terrace is pale orange in color.
3) The low terrace (elevation 10 to 20m high) is distributed as continuously as the middle terrace, especially conspicuous on headlands along the coast. The surface of this terrace is covered with veneers of fine-medium pebbles overlying the lower gravel beds of the middle terrace.
4) From the displacement of the former shoreline on the middle terrace, it was inferred that the Bulgooksa fault, whose axis was NNW-SSE from Bulgooksa to Ulsan Bay, was active after the formation of the middle terrace, which was dislocated by about 10m at Ulsan Bay. However, it was inactive after the formation of the low terrace (Fig. 6).
The geomorphic history of the study area can be summarized as follows;
a) The surface of the high terrace was formed during the period when the dissected low hills and ridges were submerged.
b) By the transgression succeeding to the regression, the surface of the middle terrace was formed. Red soils and red weathered crusts on the surface of the high terrace were formed in this period. After the formation of this terrace, the Bulgooksa fault was active and the middle terrace was dislocated at Ulsan Bay.
c) During a temporary cessation of the regression, the surface of the low terrace was formed by marine abrasion.
d) The submerged delta (40 to 70m deep) located in Yeonil Bay (Fig. 4) was formed by the extended Hyeongsan River when sea level dropped below 70m deep during the Worm glacial stage.
e) The Holocene terrace and beach ridges (elevation 1 to 3m) which were distributed poorly along the coast were formed by the post-glacial transgression.

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This paper is concerned with urban traffic flow patterns on the basis of investigation of the traffic flows in the central part of Kagawa Prefecture, Shikoku, in terms of trip purposes. The results of this study are as follows:
Characteristics of traffic flow patterns based on trip purposes. On the whole, there are different traffic flow patterns based on the kind of trip purposes, and each pattern has its own specific characteristics. In journey to work, the important places of origin whichh have high factor scores in the principal component analysis (P. C. A.) are generally locatedd in the suburban districts, and the important places of destination which have high factor loadings in the P. C. A. are located in the center of the city. Therefore, the extent of traffic flow pattern involving journey to work is the largest of all. But this tendency varies with the degree of urbanization: a well-urbanized city has particularly important places of origin in the suburbs and those of destination in the center of the city respec-tively, while the particularly important places of origin are at the same time the particularly important places of destination in a poorly urbanized city. In journey to school, the extent of traffic flow pattern is comparatively small because the important places of destination are controlled by the location of schools and the important places of origin are in the neighborhood of these schools in accordance with the regulations of school district. In the trip for private purposes, the extent of traffic flow pattern is the smallest of all. Because the important places of both origin and destination are located very close to each other around a shopping district. These important places of destinationn consist of a part of the important places of destination for journey to work and for business purposes in a well-urbanized city. On the other hand, the important places of destination of the trip for private purposes are nearly at the same time the important places of destination for journey to work and/or for business purposes in a poorly urbanized city. In the trip for business purposes, places which have lively economic activities result in the important places of destination and they are not always consistent with the important places of journey to work. However, in a poorly urbanized city, the important places of destination of the trip for business purposes are at the same time the important places of destination for journey to work and both movement patterns are similar to each other around a shopping district. It should be noted here that, all-purpose movement patterns (the movement patterns set up without referring to specific trip purposes) are generally different from those set up in reference to there purposes. The degree of this differ-ence, however, varies with the progress of urbanization: when the degree of urbanization is low the all-purpose traffic flow patterns are similar to those for private or business purposes. Furthermore, the important places of destination of the all-purpose traffic consisting of a part of the important places of destination of the trip for business purposes plays an important role in the all-purpose traffic.
The relationship between traffic flow patterns and urban structures can be summarized as follows: The number of trips to work which a district generates is closely related to the population of the district, and the number of trips which a district attracts is closely related to the number of people employed in urban occupations. Since the number of inhabitants of the suburban districts is generally larger than that of the center of the city and since the number of people with urban occupations in this section is larger than that of people who have occupations in the suburban districts, the particularly important places of origin are located in the suburbs, and the particularly important places of destination in the center of the city.

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The purpose of this report is to discuss the relationship between the lapse-rate of air temperature and weather in the vicinity of Yari-ga-take in July and August, 1969 (Fig. 1). The daily mean temperature (Ta) was expressed as a function of altitude (H). The summary of the results are shown as follows:
The mode of percentage frequency of the lapse-rate of air temperature in July and August was 0.55_??_0.59°C/100m, for which the frequency being 29% (Fig. 2).
The average laspse-rate of air temperature for these two months was 0.61°C/100m. The maximum rate (0.82°C/100m) was observed on July 30 when it was cloudy, and the minimum (0.38°C/100m) on July 9 when it was rainy (Table 2).
The lapse-rate on rainy days with lower temperature tended to be within the range of 0.38_??_0.69°C/100m. On cloudy days when temperature was either rising or falling, the laspse-rate varies between 0.52°C/100m and 0.82°C/100m. On fine days with higher temperature, it is nearly equall to the monthly average, ranging from 0.51°C/100m to 0.66°C/100m.

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Geographical education is an important subject within the framework of national education in the world.
In the case of Japan, however, it does not play an effective role, and various problems have occurred, especially in the field of national education, in recent decades.
The purpose of this symposium is to elucidate the problematic points of geographical education, and to reconstruct the new paradigm in this field.
The participants in this symposium were made up of seven reporters, four commentators and one guest speaker.
The themes presented by seven reporters were as follows:
1. TANAKA, Kozo: Curriculum of geography and editing methods of textbooks of Japanese language and social studies in compulsory education.
2. SEKIGUCHI, Tadashi: Problems on the textbook of high-school: A case of “Geography B”.
3. NAKAGAWA, Koichi and KAGEYAMA, Yuji: Critical approach to the geographical studies; a case of Japanese regions.
4. KIMOTO, Tsutomu: On the basic theory of geographical education.
5. OKADA, Makoto: Contribution to geography from the educational circle geography.
6. SASAKI, Hiroshi: Education of geography and comparative study of cultures.
7. MASAI, Yasuo: Education of geography and understanding of cultures through the method of the comparative area study.
Concerning these reports, the commentators posed some questions and gave egective comments and various discussions with many attendants achieved quite good results.
Though we have not come to a definite conclusion, we have confirmed the necessity of studying many problems concerning geographical education in cooperation with both researchers and teachers of geography. These are namely reformations of theory in regional geography from the viewpoint of education, comparative studies on the methodology of geography and the area study, and methodological study for the introduction of cultural geography to geographical education.
The second symposium would be necessary to continue these discussions mentioned above, in the near future, in order to obtain some meaningful and creative results.

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