1. In the previous study, the writer defined the extraordinarily heavy rainfall by day with its 24 hours amount exceeding 10% of the annual totals in the respective years. In this definition, relative quantity is adopted instead of the absolute one because the former is of more practical importance especially for flood damage. Loss or destruction of forests, cultivated lands etc. by the water mass from the falling rains does not necessarily depend upon its abso-lute quantity. All the plant and animal lives adapt themselves to their environment, especi-ally to the normal condition of climate. For example, plant communities on the mountain slope have been sustained by its sunshine, temperature, precipitation, winds etc. having pre-vailed in the long past ages until now. In a region favoured with not so much rains might rather injure their existence even though their amounts are not so remarkable. Therefore the critical limits of precipitation for the decay and destruction of plants and crops are not the same at the places with copious rainfalls against the areas with not so much rains. For such a reason, the relative quantity partakes of important meaning in the practical use.
2. However, the definition adopted in the previous paper may be too high for the rain-falls which caused the frequently experienced loss of human products and some objections or opinions against this definition were presented in the discussion at the symposium meeting held by the Meteorological Society of Japan in 1967.
For the better expression of an actual situation, therefore, limit value for the heavy rain-fall should be slightly lowered. Some one recommended, for this limit, the daily rainfall ex-ceeding 5%, instead of 10%, of the annual totals and this is considered to be more practi-cally significant. In this paper, therefore, this new standard is used. That's all very well in theory, however, it does not work in practice, because this method contains some disadvan-tages for the statistical work. In the “Report of Rainfall in Japan” or “Uryôhôkoku, ” monthly amounts of rain for every year together with the maximum daily amount in the year are ta-bulated. Therefore, although the daily rainfall exceeding 10% of the total amount for the respective years is easily picked up, the real number of rainfalls with more than 5 % of the annual totals cannot be found out because the latter occurs two or three times during a year. In this paper, it is applied only to the maximum daily rainfall for the respective years and hence the number is generally fewer than the real one. The number of heavy rainfalls is reckoned for fifty years from 1911 to 1960, but the number of observed years was different in each other at about 1400 places. For this reason, all the number was converted to the value for 100 years.
3. Fig. 1 is a distribution map of heavy rainfall frequency estimated for 100 years ac-cording to the new definition which shows a fairly singular pattern. The most important results are:
1) There exist 36 places where the heavy rainfalls occurred 100 times for 100 years, situating in southern Kyushu, Shikoku, Kantc Mountainland etc.
2) High frequency of heavy rainfalls occurred at the places in the districts of Kyushu, Nankai, Inland Sea or Setouchi and Kii Peninsula followed by Tôkai, Kantô, eastern part of TQhoku and Hokkaido facing the Pacific Ocean.
3) Hokuriku and San'in districts facing the Japan Sea are characterized by the least occurrence of heavy rains and really none at Sabae (Fukui Pref.) and Awashima (Niigata Pref.)
Fig. 2 obtained by using the previous definition is shown for the comparison with Fig. 1. There does not exist a very large difference between them and the general character or pat-tern is fairly similar to each other.

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As one of the case studies of geomorphic development of the young mobile regions, the author investigated two adjacent basins in the northern part of Akita Prefecture, Northeast Japan. They are the Hanawa Basin on the east and the Ôdate Basin on the west, and the Yoneshiro River which flows westward through the Takamori Mountains connects them with each other. These two basins are located in the so-called Green-tuff Region, a young mobile region which has developed since the biginning of Miocene. In Akita Prefecture the Green-tuff Region can be divided into two parts, one of which occupies the west and coastal side and is characterized by the upper Neogene Tertiary showing a folded structure with axis of N-S trend. The other part is characterized by lower Neogene Tertiary and Pre-Tertiary divided into many blocks by faults of various trends. The two basins are both located in the latter part and the shapes of the basins and the crustal movements concerned to the geomorphic development of the basins reflect the geologic structure above mentioned. The geomorphic development of each basin is summarized as follows.
The Hanawa Basin-In a certain age of Pliocene the basin area, where mountainland of not low relief had existed, began to subside to become a depositional basin. Subsidence was caused by a southward tilting of a wedge-shaped block separated from the surrounding mountainl and by a NNE-SSW trend fault on the east edge and a NNW-SSE trend fault on the west edge. Thickness of the basin deposits, though varied reflecting the relief of the basal surface, becomes larger from north to south and reaches above 500m at the southern margin of the central part of the basin (few data are available in the southern part). In middle or late Pleistocene the basin area changed its movement to uplift and fill-top surface of the basin deposits was dissected to become separated terrace surfaces. At present these fill-top terrace surfaces are, though small in extent, left at 90m (in the northern _??_central part) _??_160m (in the southern part) higher than riverbeds. The southern part of the basin is separated from the central_??_northern part by a fault of E-W trend and has been uplifted faster so that the fill-top surface is higher and more levels of younger fluvial terraces are found.
The Ôdate Basin Before the beginning of deposition the area now occupied by the Ôdate Basin was already of far lower relief than the surrounding mountainland, the reason of which was supposed that this area had been uplifted more slowly than the surroundings so that denudation by running water had proceeded more effectively to develop low relief topo-graphy. Then in a certain age of Pleistocene this area began to subside to become a deposi-tional basin. The crustal movements which caused the subsidence of the Ôdate Basin were similar to those of the Hanawa Basin, that is, southeastward tilting of a wedge-shaped block separated from the surroundings by a N-S trend fault on the east edge and by a NW-SF trend fault on the southwest edge. The basin is still subsiding except marginal parts and the thickness of the basin deposits is less than 100m, which is far thinner than those of the Ha-nawa Basin.
From the latest Peistocene downward, Towada Volcano, which is situated to the northeast of the Hanawa Basin, threw out pyroclastics for several times, which deposited also in the Hanawa Basin and the Ôdate Basin. Soon after the deposition the Yoneshiro River and its tributaries dissected them to take back the former profiles. Terraces composed of these pyro-clastics, therefore, do not indicate crustal movements.

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Minshuku is a cheap lodging house in tourist resorts. Most of them are usually operated by farmers and fishers as their side work. Minshuku has rapidly developed with the increace of recreational demands in Japan and recently minshuku regions have emerged here and there.
The aim of this paper, therefore, is in the first place to understand the actual status of the development of minshuku. Chapter 2 deals with the development and distribution of minshuku and Chap. 3 deals with the classification of the minshuku regions into a few identified types in order to easily grasp the regionality of minshuku regions. In Chap. 4, some advantageous conditions for the formation of minshuku regions are considered.
As the results, some following facts were made clear. 1) The origin of minshuku traces back to the late Tai.sho era and the early times of Shôwa era. In those days, minshuku emerged first in mountainous areas such as Hakuba-mura, Su-gadaira (Nagano Prefecture) and in Uchibô-Coast (Chiba Prefecture). Afterwards minshuku have rapidly developed since about 1960, particularly since 1965. 2) Minshuku are concentrated on some specific regions around the metropolitan areas of Tôkyô, Ôsaka and Nagoya, that is, on the coasts of Izu (Shizuoka Pref.)., Bôsô (Chiba Pref.), Wakasa (Fukui Pref.) and Tango (Kyôto 'Pref.) and in mountainous districts of Minami-Uonuma-gun (Niigata Pref.), Kita-Azumi-gun, Iiyama-shi (Nagano Pref.) and Kinosaki-gun and Yabu-gun (Hyôgo Pref.). Minshuku regions are located between 50 and 200 km. from each center of the metropolitan areas (Fig. 3).
3) Minshuku regions are classified into two types. One is the minshuku region located at coastal bathing resorts and the other is that near skiing grounds.
4) In fact, Japan has many good beaches for bathing (Fig. 6). But the more popular bath-ing beaches have had a tendency to disperse farther with the increace of income and leisure of the working masses, the improvement of transportation facilities and the gradual worsening of sea water pollusion by industrialization and urbanization. The formation of minshuku re-gions at bathing resorts varies chronologically, for which accessibility of the great cities to bathing resorts has been and is the most important factor. On the other hand, for the devel-opment of minshuku regions in mountains the resource endowment for skiing ground and its exploitation play an important part. Minshuku regions of this type concentrate in the areas with the snowfall of more than 3m.
5) Naturally further development of minshuku regions of both types is dependent on the degree of developing the region as tourist resorts.
6) Many tourist resorts in Japan were developed around hot springs with party tourism on official and company's business. And when the tourism for sports such as skiing, mountain climbing, sea bathing and fishing etc. prevailed in the early Shôwa era, the areas which ctedattra tourists for these recreations could not supply them enough lodging. Minshuku emerged at first in the very such areas. Afterwards, with the development of mass-tourism minshuku have been developed as cheap lodging houses for the youth and family trips.

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The use of quantitative methods has become popular among Japanese geographers, since they have a tradition of statistical analyses back to 1930's.
In order to promote the knowledge of such methods, the attention is drawn to the possibilities offered by factor analysis. This analysis may provide an objective solution to the problem of urban geography such as a comparative study of urban systems in different countries. This paper reviews the comparability of urban systems extracted from factor-analytic studies done in five countries, namely the United States, Japan, England and Wales, India and Canada. These include studies by Price (1942), Yasuda (1959), Moser and Scott (1961), Hadden and Borgatta (1965), Ahmad (1965), King (1966), Yamaguchi (1967), and Ray and Murdie (1968). The author presents in the last section a summary of the application to Japan in 1967. His analysis of 189 cities used 50 variables such as area, population structure, population change, education, labour force status, industry and occupation, household size and composition, and journey to work. As a result, the first component (20.1%) was regarded as reflecting social status and the second component (16.4%) was related to urban economic base. The third component was closely associated with employment status of working population and the fourth component was strongly associated with urban centrality. The first four components altogether accounted for 59.6 % of the total variance.
In conclusion, at least one thing which was common to the studies mentioned above, excluding the case of Ahmad, was the existence of socio-economic status level playing a predominantly discriminating role among cities. However, variables highly associated with this factor would explain the difference and similarity of its function within each urban system of the country studied.

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