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Volume 25, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Race Hygienical Studies on the Dwellers in a Mountainous District IV.Masaru WATANABE1959 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 1-19,A1
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe following results were obtained on the physical development of pupils residing in mountain villages in the Aizu district, Fukushima Prefecture as compared with that Of those in cities and agricultural villages of the same district.
1. The height development of pupils in mountain villages was inferior to those in cities and agricultural villages, the tendency being conspicuous among female pupils at the lower grades. Although the pupils at the 3rd grade of junior high schools exceptionally surpassed again in height of the female pupils, no such a tendency was seen in the weight of the body and the girth of the chest. No remarkable difference was observed in the weight of the body. As regards the girth of the chest, pupils in the mountain villages was superior contrarily, the tendency being conspicuous among female pupils at the higher grades.
2. As regards the height, the weight of the body and the girth of the chest, the male pupils were superior to the female pupils in case of the lower grades, whereas the female pupils preceded the male pupils in case of the higher grades. The age at which the female pupils surpassed in height and weight the male pupils was belated in the mountain villages than in cities and agricultural villages. However, with regard to the girth of the chest, the age at which the female pupils surpassed the male pupils showed no difference by geographical distribution.
3. The Rohrer's index was the highest in the mountain villages, being followed in the order of agriculturcal villages, and cities. The index decreased both in male and femals pupils in proportion to the increase of age. However, the increase of the index on the part of the female pupils in the junior high schools seemed attributable to earlier maturing age of physical development in the female pupils as compared with the male pupils.
4. The results of the investigation on the weight at 'the time of birth was carried out to clarify the reason for tne inferiority of physical development of the pupils in the mountain villages. It was found that the average values in the mountain villages were rather superior to the standard values. When the investigation was made on the weight of the body of sucklings and infants in the mountain villages, the increase of the weight was decreased gradually since 4 months after the birth, attaining the maximum around the 12 months the birth. Lastly, it was also found that the commencement of ablactation was exceedingly delayed in the mountain villages. In view of the abovementioned facts, the geographical difference of physical development seems to be initiated from the weaning periodView full abstractDownload PDF (3598K) -
V. Observation on the Height, Sitting Vertex Height and Length of Lower Extremities of. School Children by Sex, Age and Locality.Masaru WATANABE1959 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 20-24,A3
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author reported herein the observation of the stature. sitting height and length of the legs in mountain villages by sex, age and town and country, and of the correlation between the stature and the length of the legs and between the stature and the sitting height.
1. The difference of height development by town and country became augmented with the rise of age, whose peak was found at the 6 th grade of elementary schools in case of schoolboys and at the 1 st grade of junior high schools in case of schoolgirls, then traced a decrease. The difference of the sitting height and the length of the legs by town and country showed a trend toward a gradual decrease with the advancement of age. In this case, the peak of sitting height fell on the 2 nd grade of junior high schools in case of schoolboys and on the 6 th grade of elementary schools in case of schoolgirls, while the peak of length of the legs was found at the 6 th grade of elementary schools in case of schoolboys and at the 1 st grade of junior high schools in case of schoolgirls.
2. The cause for such a difference of the height development by town and country may be attributed chiefly to the difference of siiting height at the lower grades of elementary schools and the difference of length of the legs after the higher gradei of elementary schools in case of schoolboys. On the other hand, in case of schoolgirls, it may be ascribed to the difference of length of the legs at the begining, then the difference of length of the legs and siiting height, and chiefly to the diefference of length of the legs at the higher grades of junior high schools.
3. The correlative value between the stature and the length of the legs was much higher in both sexes, the value of which was greater in the urban district than mountain villages.
4. The curve of correlative coefficient values by age between the stature and the length of the legs showed that the manifestation age of the peak in both the urban district and mountain villages fell approximately on the 6 th grade of elementary schools and the 1 st grade of junior high schools, where the difference of stature by town and -country revealed strongly in the classes of this age.
The manifestation of the peak of stature and sitting height was observed at younger ages in schoolgirls than schoolboys.View full abstractDownload PDF (1027K) -
VI. The Relationships of Height to Lower Extremities, and to Sitting Vertex HeightMasaru WATANABE1959 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 25-27,A3
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author reported herein the observation of the stature. sitting height and length of the legs in mountain villages by sex, age and town and country, and of the correlation between the stature and the length of the legs and between the stature and the sitting height.
1. The difference of height development by town and country became augmented with the rise of age, whose peak was found at the 6 th grade of elementary schools in case of schoolboys and at the 1 st grade of junior high schools in case of schoolgirls, then traced a decrease. The difference of the sitting height and the length of the legs by town and country showed a trend toward a gradual decrease with the advancement of age. In this case, the peak of sitting height fell on the 2 nd grade of junior high schools in case of schoolboys and on the 6 th grade of elementary schools in case of schoolgirls, while the peak of length of the legs was found at the 6 th grade of elementary schools in case of schoolboys and at the 1 st grade of junior high schools in case of schoolgirls.
2. The cause for such a difference of the height development by town and country may be attributed chiefly to the difference of siiting height at the lower grades of elementary schools and the difference of length of the legs after the higher gradei of elementary schools in case of schoolboys. On the other hand, in case of schoolgirls, it may be ascribed to the difference of length of the legs at the begining, then the difference of length of the legs and siiting height, and chiefly to the diefference of length of the legs at the higher grades of junior high schools.
3. The correlative value between the stature and the length of the legs was much higher in both sexes, the value of which was greater in the urban district than mountain villages.
4. The curve of correlative coefficient values by age between the stature and the length of the legs showed that the manifestation age of the peak in both the urban district and mountain villages fell approximately on the 6 th grade of elementary schools and the 1 st grade of junior high schools, where the difference of stature by town and country revealed strongly in the classes of this age.
The manifestation of the peak of stature and sitting height was observed at younger ages in schoolgirls than schoolboysView full abstractDownload PDF (671K) -
Part III. On the Range of Mating and Consanguineous Marriage in Nishiura-mura, Tagata-gun, Shizuoka PrefectureKanichi IWAI1959 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 28-36,A4
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author made an investion of the range of mating and consanguineous marrige in this village. The results were as follows.
1. The range of mating in 804 cases of marriage group (including 680 husbands in their first marriage and 160 in their second marriage) in this village were:
Marriage in the same hamlet of the village;. c. c89 cases (10.5%)
Marriage in the village;. c. c197 cases (23.5%)
Marriage between the neighbouring villages or towns;. c. c196 ceses (23.4%)
Marriage in another village of Tagata-gun;. c. c124 cases (14.7%)
Marriage in the same prefecture;. c. c174 cases (20.8%)
Marriage in another prefecture;. c. c60 cases (7.1%)
(husbands are all grown up in this village)
From the periodical point of view, the percentage of the marriage in the same village was 53.5% in the Meiji days, 35.0% in the Taisho days, and 28.8% in the Showa days, and it seems grandually decreasing, while the percentage of the marriag between the neighbouring villages were increased.
2. The range of mating in 341 cases of marriage (womens cases who went out of the village and married) were;
Tagata-gun;. c. c111 cases (32.6%)
Shizuoka prefecture;. c. c144 cases (42.2%)
Out of Shizuoka prefecture;. c. c83 cases (24.3%)
Foreign countries;. c. c3 cases (0.9%)
3. The range of mating of people who moved out of the village (but they have their permanent domicile in the village) are;
Marriage in the village;. c. c54 cases (21.64%)
Marriage in Tagata-gun;. c. c57 cases (22.8%)
Marriage in Shizuoka Prefecture;. c. c73 cases (29.2%)
Marriage out of Shizuoka Prefecture;. c. c66 cases (26.4%)
4. Of the 22 cases (2.6%) of Consanguineous marriage in this village, 10 cases were marriages among cousins.
According to the results obtained, the rang of mating of this village is rather wide, and the percentage of consanguineous marriage is low.
This fact shows that the economic conditions of this village has influenced upon. their marriage.View full abstractDownload PDF (1705K) -
Report 1. On the Differences by the Birth MonthToshio HARYU1959 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 37-46,A4
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy dividing children (11 years old) in the 6th grade of elementary schools and those- (14 years old) in the 3rd grade of junior high schools into 2 groups respectively, that is, elder group (children born in April through September) and younger group (thoseborn in October through March), also by subdividing into 4 groups, that is, group forchildren born in April through June, group for those in July through September, group, for those in October through December and group for those in January through March, I made a comparative inquiry into their development, exercise ability and intellect.
Furthermore, as a result of investigation into the variation by age of difference in. development between the elder and younger groups, it has been found that in exercise ability and intellect on which influence of daily training is large the difference by monthly age is seldom seen, while difference, large or small, by monthly age in physical development does exist until the time of completion of the development.
Accordingly, in the formation of classes in schools; as long as the school children are in the category of ages in which the difference by monthly age in development, physical, strength, intellect, etc. is clearly at the significant level, to say the least of it, in elementary schools the formation with the month of birth taken into consideration will be, rational from the viewpoint of education and preservation of health.View full abstractDownload PDF (1518K) -
Part. I General Survey at the Research AreaTadasu SAKAKI, Morio MOROZUMI1959 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 47-57,A5
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe site selected for -the studies was Naguri-mura located in the northwest by west of Iruma gun-, Saitama prefecture.
This Village was surrounded by dismembered mountains, branches of the Buko, and had 59.5 km2 in area, and the above sealevel 249 m. A babbling brook, the Naguri streamed down the center of it, as turning. According to our investigation on April 1956, the number of housholds were 699, and the population 3421.
The weather was variably. The variably. The mean maximum, mean minimum and mean temperature of the year round was 19.1C, 7.2C and 12.4..
The region belonged in the rains in Saitama prefecture. As industry, the superior timbers of Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress were main producets, The quantities of this products a year were 100, 000 koku (Japanese).
The forest of this Village were occupied about 94 percent of its area. There was little ricefield.
Some of this Villagers was farmers, while many engaged in the forest work.View full abstractDownload PDF (5769K) -
Part II On the Compositicn of the Population and the Statistics of the Movement of PopulationMorio MOROZUMI, Tadasu SAKAKI1959 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 58-65,A6
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors have been engaging in a survey of the composition of the population at Naguri-mura, Iruma-gun, Saitama Prefecture, and in compiling statisics of the movement of the population at that village. The major industory is forestry. The following report is submitted as the- result of the study:
1. The increase or decrease of the population in the last 10 years (1947-1956) was barely noticeable. The least population was 3421 as of 1 April 56, while the most was 3491. The ratio between female and male was 100: 98.9 in 1956. The rest of the years in the last 10 years, the records indicate that the male population was always a litte more than the female.
2. As to the composition of the adult population aged between 25 and 50 years, as of 1 April 1956, the male population remarkably larger than that of the female, however, female population increased as the ages went up. This is considered to be caused by the attraction of the major industory, forestry, to the male populus.
3. The age group 0-4 years is considereably decreased to 10.7%. This means some form of birth control gradully has been adopted by village people. The age group 12-16 years was not too small a group, and it was believed that effect of WW II indirectly resulted in the increase of the population in this group.
4. The statistics of the movement of the population of last 10 years (1947. 1956) are as follows:
a. The variation of population and number of household was hardly seen.
b. The birth rate was similar to that of Japan wide average and indicated as-24% and decreased since 1952. The birth rate of 1956 was 14.9%.
c. The death rate showed at its peak 14.4% at 1951 and decreased since then, showing 9.2-4.3%. These figures resemble that of the average in Japan. The deaths. occurre d mostly in January and February of the year, and most of the victims were in ages over 60 years, or were new born babies. The itemized summary of the causes. are as follows:
For male: 1. Dercepitude
2. Disease of infant
3. Apoplexy
4. External injury by accident. For Female:
1. Dercepitude
2. Apoplexy
3. Malignant tumor
4. Heart disease.
d. The average death of the infant was 4.5% which was close to the average rate of Japan, yet it was lower than Saitama Prefecture as a whole. The rate varied greatly according to the year, however, most of the cases were the deaths of new born babies. This fact introduced the idea that lack of hygienic knowledge rather than the evironment of this village is a major factor.
e. The still birth rate was between 10.0-84.5 as observed in infant death rate and this rate varied so much according to the year. f. The fractuation of marriage rate and divorce rate were not too noticeable.View full abstractDownload PDF (1602K) -
Part III. The Statistics of the DiseasesMorio MOROZUMI, Tadasu SAKAKI1959 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 66-72,A7
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors have summariezed the medical complaints of the residents of this village for the period begining January and ending December 1956 and learned the following: (Remarks: There was only one doctor who has majored in internal medicine and surgery, assigned. This summary does not necessarily reflect all the diseases. of the village, but due to the geographic circumstances, all the patients would be processed by this clinic. Therefore, this summary would fairly agree the actual diseases, occurred in this village)
1. The number of the new out-patients treated was 2495 (Male-1304, Female-1191).
2. A noticeable decrease in above patients was recorded for the months of January-February and September. October.
3. The major diseases were:
1. Cold
2. Disease of digestive organs
3. Neuralgia
4. External injuries due to accidents
Treatment for external injuries due to accidents, allergic diseases, including asthma and diseases of skin and connective tissue was extensive. The primary diseases suffered by male patients, as compared to female patients was: (the following percentages. was established, considering female cases as 100%) Injuries due to accident -224.3, lumbago. -140.4, direstive disorder -125.1.
4. There were many cases in male adults over 40 years of age who have worked. in forestry for a porlonged period without any broken bone who now have troubles in extension and contraction of the elbow joints of whip arms. Each case is being closely observed.
5. As to contageous diseases, there has been only one or two cases of digestive. disorder recorded in the past.
6. The rate of parasite bearer was 54.3%. 7. The rate of torachoma was 7.9% in grade 1 through 9 at schools.View full abstractDownload PDF (1363K) -
Yoshiko YAMANOUCHI1959 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 73-80,A9
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSblue color are mostly introversive. The present author tried to decide what difference, if any, exists among extroverts, introverts, and psychotics, especially schizophrenics as to the symbolizationo f various affects tates in different colors.
2. Girls from junior and senior high schools, and colleges, totaling 390; others from a Western dress-making evening class, office assistans and house-wives, all 50 in number; 25 women in-patients, a ge between 17 and 40, in a hospital with diagnosis of schizophreniaw ere subjectedt o the test. Total number of the examineesw as 465, exclusively women.
3. Five terms each expressing pleasant or unpleasant feelings were presented to the examinees, who were asked to think of a color most suitable to express the respective affect state. This was done by individual free association technique, without em-Eployingco lor cards.
4. As to the affect-colorc orrespondencet, h e followingr esult was obtained:
(a) Between extroverts and introverts:
Significant difference lacks for 3 affect terms, exists for no term.
(b) Between extroverts and schizophrenics:
Significant difference lacks for no affect term, exists for 3 terms.
(c) Betwenn introverts and schizophrenics:
Significantd ifferencela cks for 1 affectt erm, exists for 2 terms.
5. C. G. Jung's classificationo f personalityt ypes into extroverts and introverts entaiised over-simplificationb, e cause there are various intermediate types with continuous gradation form extreme super-introversionto extreme super-ext-roversionF. urther complexity arizes from the fact that there are often observed amphoteric types. They respond sometimes as extroverts, and at other times as introverts, depending on the specific occasion, situation of the partner. The another's adoption of Jung's classification of personality is meant as a first approximation with possible utility for the present purpose.
6. Normal persons with extrovert tendency, schizophrenics with mental energy directed to the external world, and manic depressive psychotics in manic state aresimilar to each other in contrast to schizophrenicsw ith autisma s to the color symbolization pattern. Similarityw as also observed in color symbolizationa mong normal persons with introvert tendency, schizophrenics with mental energy directed to the internal world, and manic depressive psychotics in depressive state.
7. Awaji-Okabe's system of the extroversion-introversion test used in this study, has an advantage of precluding fatigue or boredom on the part of examinees.View full abstractDownload PDF (1232K) -
Report 4. On the Alleged Relationship between Food Habit During Infancy and SusceptibilityYoshiko YAMANOUCHI1959 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 81-92,A9
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The anthoress sometimes heared a saying handed down by tradition, that people inclined to light-food are less susceptible to pulmonary tuberculosis. Now she wanted to test its validity on a more rigorous basis, and subjected 198 Tbc patients, 82 hospitalized and 116 on treatment at home, and 112 healthy controls, all adults to questionnaire inquiry.
They were asked to report their likes and dislikes with reason during their childhood as well as at present.
2. Food preference tendency during childhood revealed no significant difference between. patients and healthy normals. Beef and eggs were especially liked, while carrot was strongly disliked, by both groups.
3. Fish is disliked much more by patients than healthy subjects. The reason of rejectcon put “because I am nervous” is worth noticing.
4. Inclination to vinegar dressing of various foodstuffs is more popular among patients than in healthy controls. The difference is significant with a reliability of 60%. Further examination, however, of the material revealed that preference of vinegar dressing with the reason that it is 'light' is more prevalent among healthy subject than patients. The difference is significant with a reliability of 90%.
5. It is premature to acept the concept that inclination ta light-food or vinegar dressing is related to Tbc susceptibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (1565K) -
Yoshio SAWADA, Isao TAMARU, Yuzi NAITO, Michio NAKAMURA, Yoshiro INABA ...1959 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 93-97,A10
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhysical strength of base-ball players in the selected team from Hawaiian high, schools and of these who were selected from Kumamoto prefecture, and of professional base-ball players in the St. Louis Cardinals team and in the Japanese teams (Orions, . Giants, and Lions) were examined, and following results were obtained.
1) The average of height, weight, girth of chest, of neck, of waist, of upper arm, of fore arm, (right and left) of right thigh, span of arms, and breadth of chest in the Hawaiian team were greater than the average in the Kumamoto's team. These differences were all statistically significant.
2) The average of height, weight, girth of chest, vital capacity, strength of back muscles, girth of upper arm (right and left), girth of left grip, span of arms, bredth of chest, and depth of chest in the St. Louis Cardinals team were greater than the average: in the Japanese professional base-ball playersView full abstractDownload PDF (834K)
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