Japanese Journal of Health and Human Ecology

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Some electrolyte transports in erythrocytes have been demonstrated to be associated with essential hypertension. In order to compare the electrolyte transports of Japanese to those of Europeans and Americans and to investigate the validity of electrolyte transports as a genetic marker in essential hypertension, the present study was carried out. Furthermore, effects of genetic and environmental factors related to the electrolyte transports were investigated. The results were as follows; 1) Li⁺ efflux rate in Na⁺ /Li⁺ countertransport and Na⁺ efflux rate in Na⁺ pump of Japanese were almost same values to those of Europeans and Americans. However, Na⁺ and K⁺ efflux rates in Na⁺ /K⁺ countertransport of Japanese were reduced in comparing to Those of Europeans and Americans. 2) Li⁺ efflux rate in Na⁺ /Li⁺ countertransport was significantly enhanced in patients with essential hypertension and normotensive subjects having at least one hypertensive parent in comparing to normotensive subjects having no hypertensive parent. However, electrolyte transports in Na⁺ pump and Na⁺/K⁺ cotransport did not show such a difference. Therefore, only Na⁺/K⁺ cotransport had the characteristics of a genetic marker in essential hypertension. 3) Li⁺ efflux rate in Na⁺ /Li⁺ countertransport and K efflux rate in Na⁺ /K⁺ cotransport demonstrated positively significant correlation coefficients in pairs of parentoffspring but not in pairs of husband-wife. On the other hand, Na⁺ efflux rate in Na⁺ pump demonstrated positively significant correlation coefficients both in pairs of parentoffspring and in pairs of husband-wife. Therefore, the former two electrolyte transports were found to have a material genetic component and the last one to have a material environmental component. 4) Na⁺ efflux rate in Na pump demonstrated positively significant correlation coefficient with Na⁺ /K⁺ ratio in urine which is an environmental factor related to Na⁺ and K⁺ intake.

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According to the following facts, the combination of core-dishes*, "Shushoku" " Shusai and "Fukusai", was recognized as an effective framework of nutrition education. 1) The combination of core-dishes related to the nutritional value of meal estimated by "Suitable score" for the recommended allowance very closely. Because, "Shusai" made of about 50g and over of fish or meat or egg or soybean tended to offer much protein and much fat, "Fukusai" made of some kinds of vegitables tended to offer many kinds of vitamine and mineral, and "Shushoku" made of creal tended to offer much starch in moderation. 2) Recently in Japan, meal-pattern is changing to more simple combination of coredishes. In 1980, 29% meals for housewives didn't secure 3 kinds of core-dishes at lunch. These tendency was observed more strictly in 1980 than 1976, at breakfast or lunch than at dinner, and in the urbanized area than in the rural area.* Take the leading role in selecting other dishes in the meal. In the case of Japanese meal-pattern, "Shushoku" "Shusai" and "Fukusai" have played this role, and have oriented the nutritional status and taste of whole a meal.

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