本研究は, ヘルス/フィットネスクラプの経営に従事する組織単位間の相互依存性の研究である. これらクラブ経営体は, 各々自己の関与する組織間関係システムにおいて, 互いに役割モデルとして認識し合ったり, あるいはまた, ビジネス目的の効率的達成にむけて, 諸資源の結合・連関(ネットワーキング)の仕方を模索している. 本研究では, かかる意味の組織相互依存性と組織の内部持性との関係を分析した. 調査データは, 現在の我が国で展開されているヘルス/フィットネスクラブの上級管理職(支配人)から求めた. データ源となったクラブはいずれも多種目複合型の運動施設であり, 39都道府県下に分散し, 総計205箇所である. 分析の結果, 1)組織構造の複雑性, 経営資源力, 経営資源独自性の高さがクラブ間における役割モデルとしての期待を高めること, 2)経営資源力が相対的に小さく, かつサービス産出量(顧客数)の多いクラブほど同業者間ネットワークへの依存度が高くなること, 3)異業種(とくに一般サービス業及び関連スポーツ施設への)依存は, 市場への伝達情報量, 施設サービス革新の数, サービス産出量の多さ, 及び市場情報の信頼性のなさなどが影饗すること, そして4)ネットワーキングの実際上の形態は, そのプロセスからみて計画的なものと創発的なものとに類型化でき, 前者に参加するクラブは後者に参加するクラブに比べて, 組織が複雑で公式化されており, 経営資源力が優位で, 組織構成員の量も多く, また, 市場情報の信頼性のなさを強く感じていること, などが明かとなった.

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A number of researchers emphasize the importance of customer satisfaction (CS) in fitness clubs. They support the expectancy disconfirmation paradigm, which holds satisfaction occurs when perceived performance fills or exceeds pre-purchase expectations. This proposition, however, has not been assessed empirically. The authors hypothesize, from theoretical bases, that the perceived performance would be a more appropriate scale for the assessment CS in fitness clubs in comparison with other scales. The purpose of this study was to identity the more appropriate scale to describe CS in fitness clubs by making a comparison between the perceived performance scale and the expectancy disconfirmation scale. Five hundred and forty-nine participants from 6 for-profit fitness clubs in Tokai district responded to the survey. Their data were analyzed by applying factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The main results were as follows: 1) There were some differences between factor constructs of the expectations and the performance. This suggests the possibility that customers might not be satisfied even if their pre-purchase expectations are filled as expected. 2) Although the levels of performance were lower than the levels of expectations in many benefit dimensions, overall satisfaction was comparatively high. This indicates customers were satisfied even if their pre-purchase expectations were not filled. 3) Both perceived performance and disconfirmation (difference between expected performance and perceived performance) exerted significant influence on satisfaction. However, the former had much higher explanation validity. Due to the specific consumption style (purchase of one year membership), the expectation itself may change during that period. This would reduce the explanation validity of disconfirmation. These results suggest that perceived performance is the more appropriate scale for the assesment of CS in fitness clubs in comparison with the disconfirmation scale.

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Rebound drop jump index [RDJ_&ltindex&gt=(1/8・g・RDJt_a^2)/RDJt_c] was developed to evaluate the ability to perform the ballistic stretch. shortening cycle (SSC) movement. The RDJ_&ltindex&gt consists of ability to jump higher (RDJt_a) and that to shorten the contact time (RDJt_c) in rebound drop jump (RDJ), a typical SSC movement. The former is affected by leg strength and counter movement jump ability but the factors affecting the latter case have not yet been well established. This study examined the factors to shorten the contact time with special reference to two important views, i.e. work done by the lower limb joints and anticipation of the landing. 1. Relationships between work done by the lower limb joints and RDJ_&ltindex&gt, RDJt_c, and RDJt_a in RDJ from height of 0.3m were examined in ten college male athletes. There was a significant correlation between the ratio of negative work at the ankle to total work done by the lower limb joints and RDJ_&ltindex&gt (r=0.726, p&lt0.05), and RDJt_c (r=-0.823, p&lt0.01) but not RDJt_a (r=0.226,ns). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the ratio of negative work at the ankle and maximum plantar flexion strength (r=-0.329,ns). These results suggested that the rate of energy absorption at the ankle joint in former contact phase was one important factor to shorten the contact time in RDJ but not affected by plantar flexion strength. 2. RDJ_&ltindex&gt, RDJt_c and RDJt_a in two RDJs with or without visual information to inhibit temporal and spatial anticipation of landing were compared in six college male athletes. As compared without and with visual information, RDJt_c was longer, RDJt_a was shorter and RDJ_&ltindex&gt was lower, significantly. These changes were greater in subjects showing the higher RDJ_&ltindex&gt than those showing the lower RDJ_&ltindex&gt. Furthermore, changes of RDJ_&ltindex&gt, RDJt_c and RDJt_a in series of nine RDJs without visual information at thirty seconds of rest intervals were compared between subject A showing high RDJ_&ltindex&gt and subject B showing low RDJ_&ltindex&gt. RDJt_c decreased and RDJt_a increased slightly, and RDJ_&ltindex&gt increased by repeated trials even without visual information in subject A but not in subject B. These results suggested that temporal and spatial anticipation of the landing were another important factors to shorten the contact time in RDJ. These finding seemed to be beneficial for establishing strength and power training methods for jumper and ballgame players who are required ballistic stretch-shortening cycle movement.

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本研究の目的は, 十分トレーニングを積んだ12歳から19歳の競泳選手延べ277名を対象として, 加齢に伴う体力の発達及びその性差を明らかにすることであった. 被験者はいずれも, 国体候補選手として選抜された技能の高い選手で, 彼らは3年間に渡り, 週5日, 平均1日5000m以上のハードな競泳トレーニングを行った. 3年間の継続的体力測定(年2回)によって得られた縦断的・横断的資料(51変量)に基づいて, 形態, 筋力, 神経機能, 柔軟性, 及び心肺機能の各体力領域別に検討がなされた. 統計的分析の結果, 体格, 静的筋力, パワー, 敏捷性, 平衡性, 有酸素能力, 及び無酸素能力の多くの体力要因において, 同年代の一般人の同様な加齢に伴う発達や性差が確認された. しかし, 躯幹の屈曲柔軟性や体重当たりの有酸素性能力には有意な性差や加齢に伴う発達が認められなかった. また体脂肪は少なく, 肩や足首の柔軟性は優れ, 性差も認められたが, 加齢に伴う有意な発達的変化は認められなかった. 従って, これらの体力要因については, 一般人の場合と異なる発達傾向があると考えられ, これは比較的長期間に渡るハードな継続的競泳トレーニングの影響によると推測された.

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