The present case study was conducted to examine the learning outcomes of junior high school students given sprint running instruction focusing on kinesthesis. We analyzed changes in the 50-m running time, intermediate running speed, maximum running speed, rate of decrease in running speed, running movement score, and kinesthesis for 5 hours of classes given to junior high school second graders.
The study clarified the following four points.
1) The students showed significant improvements in their 50-m running time, intermediate running speed and maximum running speed, and significant decreases in the rate of decrease in their running speed throughout the 5-hour unit, which had been designed to configure learning activity by focusing on embodied knowledge of sprinting. With regard to running motion, all items excluding “arm swing direction” were significantly improved. In addition, it became clear that the students had pursued learning while grasping aspects of kinesthesis such as “switching legs”, “pushing the ground”, “stepping on the ground”, and “bouncing from the ground”.
2) Students in the upper group were conscious of aspects such as “switching legs”, “pushing the ground”, “bouncing from the ground”, and “maintaining speed”. In addition, learning involved capturing not only strength and lightness, but also the rhythm of movement as kinesthesis.
3) Students in the middle group were conscious of aspects such as “stepping on the ground”, “switching legs”, “pushing the ground”, and “bouncing from the ground”. In addition, in terms of kinesthesis, there was a tendency to express heavy movement and force in addition to lightness of movement. It was thought that the problem lay in being unable to capture well the rebound from the ground.
4) Students in the lower group were conscious of aspects such as “stepping on the ground”, “switching legs”, and “bouncing from the ground”. In addition, there was no evidence of expression such as capturing the push or repulsion of the ground in terms of kinesthesis, and there was also a tendency for less expression of quickness and lightness of the leg change. It was considered that the main problems lay in accumulation of sufficient experience to improve movement of the lower limbs and to express various aspects of kinesthesis.
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