体育学研究

This study examined the changes in joint moment and joint power of the lower limbs during double-leg hop (DLH) training. Six untrained male subjects were given DLH training 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The height of the hurdle was fixed at 90% of the maximum. The subjects were measured for three types of vertical jump, rebound jump and isokinetic strength before and after training. Ground reaction force and 24 body positions were recorded simultaneously and analysis of these data led to classification into two phases (a negative phase and a positive phase). The contact time in DLH was reduced after training (p<0.01). The height of the body's center of gravity did not change during take-on and take-off, but changed significantly during the minimal phase (p<0.01). Body stiffness was significantly increased in both the negative phase (p<0.01) and positive phase (p<0.01). The peak joint moment and joint power at the ankle increased significantly, but those of the hip and knee did not change during the contact phase. The peak joint power at the hip appeared in the early contact phase after training, and the stiffness of the ankle increased significantly (p<0.05). However, these changes in joint moment and joint power were not transferred to vertical jump performance, rebound jump height or isokinetic strength. Only the contact time of the rebound jump was shortened. In conclusion, it was clarified that DLH training induced an increase in the peak joint moment and stiffness of the ankle joint. Moreover the peak muscle power of the hip appeared in the early contact phase.

抄録全体を表示

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The present study was designed to examine the stages of exercise behavior, their changes and related factors in older adults. The data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to 842 (362 males, 480 females) older adults. ANOVA was applied for data analysis. The main findings were as follows : (1) Subjects were classified into six groups : precontemplation (PC) (27.1%), contemplation (C) (13.3%), preparation (P) (22.9%), action (A) (2.8%), maintenance (M) (27.6%), and pause (PA) (6.4%) in males, and PC (40.2%), C (13.3%), P (16.5%), A (1.0%), M (17.9%), and PA (11.0%) in females. (2) Seven factors (exercise self-efficacy, perceived benefits of exercise (Pros), perceived barriers of exercise (Cons), ADL, positive social support from family (family PSS), negative social support from family (family NSS), and positive social support from friends (friends PSS) significantly affected the scores for the stages of exercise behavior. Exercise self-efficacy results showed a steady and significant increase from PC to M. Perceived benefits of exercise and ADL scores were significantly higher for subjects in M compared to A, P, PA, C, PC and M, A, P, PA, C compared to PC. Perceived barriers of exercise and family NSS scores were significantly lower for subjects in M compared to PC. Family PSS and friends PSS scores were significantly higher for subjects in M compared to PC. Interventions based on the stage of exercise behavior change could be effective. Different kinds of intervention strategy using the elements of "Decisional balance", "Social support", "ADL", and "Exercise self-efficacy" would be useful at each stage.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1410K)

本研究では, 重炭酸緩衝作用の大きさを反映する指標である過剰CO_2排出量に焦点を当て, その大きさが短時間高強度運動パフォーマンスの優劣を評価できるか否かを, 過剰CO_2排出量の測定方法の相違に着目して検討することを目的とした.この課題を明らかにするために, 短距離競技者10名に, 漸増負荷運動と運動時間の異なる10秒, 20秒, 30秒および40秒の短時間高強度運動を行わせ, 漸増負荷運動では, VO_2max, CO_2ex-cess@I.Ex.およびLaを測定し, 短時間高強度運動では, 各ペダリング運動におけるMean power, La, CO_2 excess@S.I.Ex.およびPETCO_2を測定した.本研究の主な結果は以下に示す通りである.(1)短時間高強度運動におけるMean powerと漸増負荷運動におけるCO_2excess@I.Ex.との間には, いずれの運動時間においても有意な相関関係は認められなかった.(2)20秒, 30秒および40秒ペダリング運動におけるMean powerとCO_2 excess@S.I.Ex.との間に有意な正の相関関係(20-s r=0.652, P<0.05;30-s r=0.708, P<0.05;40-s r=0.759, P<0.01)が認められ, その相関係数は運動時間が長いほど高値を示した.以上の結果から, 本研究では, 短時間高強度運動中および運動後の過剰CO_2排出量(CO_2excess@S.I.Ex.)は, 特に解糖系への依存度の高い運動パフォーマンスの優劣に影響する可能性が示唆された.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this study was to measure the organizational commitment of sports volunteer and to obtain some ideas for organization management. The questionnaire used for the study was designed for, and the data collected from, 242 volunteers participating in the Special Olympics Nippon. These volunteers provide sports programs in Japanese communities for individuals with mental retardation. Fifteen organizational commitment statements were measured using a 5-point Lickert-type scale. The means were computed for each statement and the means of the 15 statements were then computed. The data were compared by personal characteristics, statuses of involvement and soon. The main results were as follows : (1) The overall mean score for the 15 organizational commitment statements was 3.72, indicating that the level of organizational commitment of the sample was not particularly low. The subjects felt that they gained many benefits through their volunteer activity. However, they were not active in the organization's activities. (2) There were no remarkable differences in organizational commitment except for differences related to the amount of spending money. However, closer examination of the results from analysis of the 15 organizational commitment statements revealed subtle differences in volunteer commitment to the organization. (3) Organizational commitment shows some differences related to continuation of the activity, the amount of payment for the activity, and whether or not individuals have posts in the organization.

抄録全体を表示

J-STAGEへの登録はこちら（無料）