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Volume 19, Issue 7
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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Masazo Okamoto, Renpei Yoda1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 397-401
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe solidification behaviors of molten cast irons after they were held for various durations under low pressure at 1400° were clarified, and the spherulite formation in cast iron was discussed:—(1) The effect of high temperature melting in air is expected to take place by vacuum melting at lower temperature. Both the dissolved oxygen and, the combined one as non-metallic inclusions, in molten iron are gradually reduced by carbon (2) At the first stage of melting, the fracture of the iron becomes mottled, the black part having spheroidal growth and undercooled graphite. The dendritic austenite is densely separated in the rosette grouping differing from that in the white part. The stage is mainly that of the removal of the dissolved oxygen. (3) At the intermediate stage, the fracture becomes all black having undercooled graphite, the stage being that of the removal of non-metallic inclusions. (4) At the last stage, it becomes white again, the structure consisting of undercooled acicular carbide and supersaturated austenite, in which, if graphitization proceeds, spheroidal or massive graphite appears. (5) It appears to be true that in oxidizing iron, oxygen is attracted to and strongly adsorbed upon graphite surfaces to form flaky one, and in deoxidizing iron, the oxygen is removed causing a change of the graphite form; Mg-treatment of predeoxidized molten iron probably not only removes the remaining oxygen and sulphur but also forms C-Mg atom binding, which accomplishes the spheroidization of graphite.View full abstractDownload PDF (1010K) -
Tadakazu Sakurai, Tadashi Kawasaki, Hisashi Izumi1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 401-404
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Stress-aging Treatment” is a treatment consisting in heating a specimen for a definite time and at a suitable temperature, while it is subjected to a certain specific mechanical stress. To carry out this treatment, a fixture has been built which can hold the load on the tension specimens so that they could be removed from the Amsler testing machine and placed in a hot bath or furnace. That the changes in mechanical and magnetic properties of carbon steel caused by such treatment has been investigated in order to improve the mechanical properties of steel, and obtained the following results: (1) The yield point increased slightly by stress-aging treatment immediately after cold-working. (2) When the specimens were treated at 200° and 300°, its stress-strain curves showed a discontinuous zigzag appearance in thir entire range. (3) Within the temperature range of present experiment, there was no remarkable effect of the heating time on the results. (4) When an annealed specimen was treated by a stress just below its yield point, the upper yield point increased remarkably and the magnetic permeability also increased. (5) Fatigue strength was also improved by this treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (560K) -
T. Saga, O. Miyakawa1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 404-408
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAluminium coated steel prepared by the hot dipping process is known to be heat resistant. The heat-resistant property of this material is due to a very thin interfacial alloy layer, and we find some peculiar phenomena which ordinarily do not appear in aluminium alloy steel. In this paper we studied the heat-resistant property of aluminium-coated steel sheet of 0.6 mm thickness at the high temperature range of 800∼1000°, and have found the followings: (1) The thicker the alloy layer, the less weight gain by oxidation. (2) The thinner the base metal, the less the weight gain by oxidation. (3) The higher the carbon contents of the base metal, the less the weight gain by oxidation. This is due to the resistance of carbon to the inward diffusion of aluminium in the alloy layer. (4) By rapid heating and cooling, a thin alloy layer is apt to flake (5) Provided that the excess aluminium layer is not too thick, the amount of this excess aluminium seems not much to affect the heat-resistant property.View full abstractDownload PDF (1121K) -
S. Owaku, K. Iijima1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 408-411
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The effects of quenching methods, namely, semi-rapid heating and quenching, ordinary quenching and slow-heating interrupted by abrupt quenching, on the toughness of 0.6% carbon steel have been studied. The results have been as follows: a. The greatest toughness is acquired by quenching austenitized steel of which all the primary ferrite has just been dissolved into austenite, whatever the method adopted in the austenitizing. b. The above result confirms the rightness of the explanation of the cause of the superior toughness of semi-rapid heated and quenched steel given in the 1st report, attributing it to the lower content of mean dissolved carbon in martensite. 2. For the study of the wear resistance of semi-rapid heated and quenched steel, abrasion tests were carried out using an Amsler type abrasion tester with a pair of samples of quenched high C-Cr-W steel as the revolved specimen and plain C steel as the fixed specimen to receive the action. The results obtained are as follows: a. Wear resistance of the steel sample was improved by quenching regardless of the method, either semi-rapid heating and quenching or the ordinary quenching. b. The wear resistance, however, of the partner C steel contacted with the quenched steel sample was largely affected by the quenching method applied to the latter.View full abstractDownload PDF (613K) -
Tasaburo Nishioka1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 411-414
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSÖrtliche Martensitbildung in Stahldrähten beschädigt erheblich die guten mechanischen Eigenschaften der Drähten. Wirklich finden wir oft örtliche Martensitbildung beispielsweise bei Drahtziehen oder während Gebrauch als Feder sowie Seil. In diesem Artikel, um solche Bildung näher zu untersuchen und hoffentlich zur Verhütung solcher Schaden beizutragen, haben wir ihre Entstehungsursache verfolgt. Wenn ein Stahldraht örtlich an der Oberfläche plötzlich erhitzt wird, infolge der Reibung, oder durch elektrische Funken usw., und dann durch den umliegenden kalten Stahl rasch abgekühlt wird, tritt die örtliche Martensitbildung ein. Aber nicht eine örtliche Erhitzung des Drahtes von aussen allein, wie durch eine Flamme, Schmelze oder ein Körper mit hoher Temperatur, sondern nur eine solche örtliche Erhitzung mit nachfolgende starke Abkühlung von aussen her, wird örtliche Martensitbildung verursachen.View full abstractDownload PDF (629K) -
Teruhisa Watanabe1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 414-417
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is a report on the effect of compacting pressure upon pore-formation during the process of sintering Cu-Sn bearing alloy. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The higher the compacting pressure, the more the pores shrink. When pressed at the compacting pressure of more than 1,200 kg/cm2, the sintered alloy obtains an inclination to have many of the pores independent of the surface, that is the pores are apt to be closed. (2) The higher the compacting pressure, the greater the apparent density and strength, but the porosity, on the contrary, decreases gradually. (3) The above decrease in number and size of the pores under high compacting pressure is the more remarkble, in the case when fine tin powder is added to the compacted material.View full abstractDownload PDF (608K) -
Shigeru Yokosuka, Hiroshi Katayama1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 417-420
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSatisfactory results have been obtained in determining the tellurium contained in high purity selenium by spectrographic method. After trying both the solution method and the powder method, the latter has been proved to be better. In carrying out the powder method, the powdered sample was charged into the cavity of the lower graphite electrode and was excited under the following conditions, which resulted in the most stable and satisfactory arc: Voltage applied: 140 V, Arc current: 5 A, Arc gap: 5.5 mm, Exposure: 15 sec. Now, in the case the tellurium concentration is low the spectrum line of Te 2385.8 Å is influenced by the background and consequently the working curve is reduced, so a simple method for eradicating the inconvenience caused by the background has been worked out, which ended in enhancing the precision of analysis. The minimum limit of percentage to be determined is 0.0002% (When the tellurium in the sample is concentrated, the error may increase but the minimum point can be lowered). The reproducibility \left(expressed as \fracStandard beviationmean value×100\ ight) was 5∼10%. The time needed for analysis was 2 hours 10∼15 samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (633K) -
H. Masumoto, M. Sugihara1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 421-424
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of free magnetism on bars of tungsten magnet steel and K.S. magnet steel in various states of magnetization has been measured by shifting a search coil along the axis of the specimens, and using the data obtained here, the positions of equivalent poles, when the axes of the two coils in the magnetometer method are on the same line or in parallel, have been calculated by means of the equations deduced previously by the present investigators and Mr. G. Otomo. And it has been found that the positions of equivalent poles of the specimens are remarkably influenced not only by the relative position of the magnetized specimen and the magnetometer, the distance btween them and the states of magnetization of specimens, but also by the sort of materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (583K) -
H. Masumoto, M. Sugihara1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 424-427
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of free magnetism on bars of electrolytic iron and Mo-Cr permalloy in various states of magnetization has been measured by shifting a search coil along the axis of the specimens, and using the data obtained here, the positions of equivalent poles, when the axes of the two coils in the magnetometer method are on the same line or in parallel, have been calculated by means of the equations deduced previously by the present investigators and Mr. G. Otomo. And it has been again ascertained that the positions of equivalent poles of the specimens are remarkably influenced by the relative position of the magnetized specimen and the magnetometer, the distance between them, the states of magnetization of specimens, and the sort of materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (508K) -
Sakae Takeuchi, Toshio Homma1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 427-431
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe propagation of the diffusionless transformation in cobalt-nickel alloys from the f.c.c. structure β to the h.c.p. structure ε has been investigated by means of microscopic observation. As the transformation proceeds, many narrow relief markings like slip lines appear parallel to the {111}β in a flat free surface planes. The cross section of each marking is a ridge or a valley with almost definite slopes on both sides but not symmetrical and always less then 20°; its width is about 1∼2 μ. But in pure cobalt marking has not been observed. The rate of growth of an ε crystal is less than a ten-thousandth of that of a martensite in steel. It is shown that these observations can be elucidated from the half dislocation model for the transformation mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (976K) -
Kokichi Sano, Hiroshi Sakao1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 431-435
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well-known that oxygen and sulpher in liquid copper play an important role in the copper smelting reaction. Nevertheless, their behaviours have almost never been established. In the present paper, in order to understand the behaviour of oxygen in liquid copper, the equilibrium relation between liquid copper and CO-CO2 gas mixtures has been measured for temperature range from 1150° to 1250° and oxygen concentration up to 0.8%. The reaction and its equilibrium constant may be expressed as follows:
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\ oindentFrom experimental results, it is found that K0′ does not remain constant as the oxygen content increases, and that the relation between PCO2⁄PCO and [O%] represents negative deviation from Henry’s law.View full abstractDownload PDF (674K) -
Kokichi Sano, Hiroshi Sakao1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 435-438
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn our 1st report, we reported the experimental results of the equilibrium between liquid copper and COCO2 gas mixtures. In the present paper, the effect of the temperature upon the equilibrium constant and the relation between the activity and the concentration of oxygen in liquid copper have been determined. The results obtained are as follows:
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\ oindentCombining these results with the known thermodynamical data, the partial pressure of oxygen on liquid copper saturated with oxygen has been estimated as follows:
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)View full abstractDownload PDF (495K) -
Susumu Morioka, Kazutaka Sakiyama1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 438-442
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe anodic polarization of Fe-Cr-Ni ternary alloys (12∼23%Cr, 0∼12%Ni) in 5% sulphuric acid solution were studied. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The critical current density for passivity of Fe-Cr-Ni alloy was smaller and the onset of passivity was the more favourable, the higher the nickel content. Alloys of uniform γ phase were most favourable for the passivation. (2) The small amount of the anodic dissolution of the passive Fe-Cr alloy anode up to 21%Cr was hardly affected by the nickel addition up to about 12%Ni, but the strong property of the high Cr-Fe alloy to persist in the passive state is reduced by a small amount of nickel, facilitating the restoration to the active condition. (3) Greater tendency of polarization or the low critical current density for passivity that favours the onset of the passivity has no relation with the property of persisting in the passive state.View full abstractDownload PDF (671K) -
Masamitsu Mikami, Kokichi Hashiura1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 442-444
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present report refers to an experiment made to investigate the relations between cold-rolling and corrosion of solution-treated Al-Cu alloys in 10%HCl soluton at 30°C. Measuring the volume of hydrogen produced in the reaction, the present writers obtained the following results: (1) Corrosion increased with the Cu content in the alloys. (2) By cold-rolling, corrosion of the alloys decreased to some degree, but further cold working increased it.View full abstractDownload PDF (402K) -
Tomo-o Sato, Hideo Kaneko, Taiji Nishizawa1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 445-448
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCementite in cast iron has been isolated by electrolytic method described in Report 1, and the chemical analysis of the alloying elements in the cementite and experiments on the graphitization of it have been carried out. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. (1) Si, Ni, Cr and Mn are soluble in cementite in solid state according to distribution law. (cf Table 1 and Fig. 3 in the present paper) (2) Isolated cementite graphitizes by heating. This isothermal reaction rate is accelerated by Ni and Si and retarded by Mn and Cr dissolved in solid cementite. (3) It may be concluded that the first stage of graphitization takes place not only by the process of supersaturation of graphite into austenite, but also by the thermal decomposition of cementite.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
Hideo Takei1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 448-452
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this experiment is to investigate the behaviors of the moulus of rigidity, the hardness number and the electrical resistance of 18-8 stainless steel wires with respect to cold drawing and annealing treatments. Especially, the author has attempted to investigate the effects of the transformation of the γ-phase into the α-phase during cold drawing and of precipitation of carbide particles, —which is the cause of the intergranular corrosion and is caused by heating at 500∼600° for a long time—on the modulus of rigidity. In the measurements, a torsion pendulum, a potentiometer and a Micro-Vicker’s hardness tester were used. The results obtained are as follows: (1) At the early stage of cold drawing, there is a conspicuous decrease in the modulus of rigidity, seemingly due to the formation of α-phase during the cold drawing. At the later stage the change of the modulus of rigidity is rather complex, the complexity being a characteristic of steel wires. (2) In the modulus of rigidity versus the annealing temperature curves, there are three different temperature ranges of 100∼250°, 400∼600° and 700∼800° in which the increase in the modulus of rigidity takes place, while the intergranular corrosion is found in the specimens annealed at 600∼700°. (3) The increase of the modulus of rigidity at the above cited three temperature ranges seems to be the results of strain hardening, crystal recovery and recrystallization, and the resolution of carbide particles, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (607K) -
[in Japanese]1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages A115-A120
Published: July 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2008
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[in Japanese]1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages A120-A124
Published: July 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2008
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[in Japanese]1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages A125-A127
Published: July 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2008
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[in Japanese]1955 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages A128-A136
Published: July 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (892K)
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