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Volume 22, Issue 9
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Susumu Yoshida, Yukio Ohba1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 443-446
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPure chromium was prepared by electrolysis of chromic acid and hydrogen-reduction treatment. Metallic impurities of faint trace of Fe, Al, Si, Ca, Mg and Cu were detected by the spectroscopic analysis and 0.01%O and 0.004%N were determined by the vacuum fusion analysis. The produced ingots arc-melted in water-cooled Cu crucible under argon atmosphere were sealed in mild steel sheath, then forged and rolled at 1000∼800° successfully. The occurrence of cracks observed during the first stage of forging were found to be sensitively influenced by the relation between the direction of blow at forging and that of the columnar structure of the ingot. Also the sheets rolled showed transition temperature at about −30° on bending tests.View full abstractDownload PDF (554K) -
Tomo-o Sato, Saburô Toya1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 446-449
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hardness of 1.5%C, 1.5%Si graphitic steel tempered at over 400° descends markedly due to graphitization. The graphitization ratio of this tempered steel is as follows: on 700°×10 hr tempering, the ratio is 100%; 600°×20 hr, 95% and 500°×1000 hr, 98%. Using several Fe-C-Si graphitic steels, various changes occuring during tempering were studied. The decomposition temperature of retained austenite is little effected by C and Si contents, but the starting temperature of the 3rd stage of tempering ascends owing to the increase of these elements. The graphitization ratio of tempered steel increases with C and Si contents. The beginning temperature of graphitization during tempering descends with increasing of C and Si contents.View full abstractDownload PDF (752K) -
Osamu Izumi1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 449-454
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment showed that the elastic value of cold-rolled 70/30 brass rose with the increase of heat-treating temperatures below recrystallization. In addition, it was observed that the value of the specimen which had sufficiently been heat-treated at high temperature would increase further with re-heat-treatment at lower temperature. A similar effect was also recongnized on hardness change. And, the effect of the multiplex heat-treatment was precisely investigated by changing the treating time and temperature. Thus it was proved that only in the specimens heat-treated enough to reach the second anneal-hardening stage, the effect revealed itself. The phenomenon was thought to be available for improving the usual low-temperature annealing technique, and its mechanism was estimated in relation to the behaviour of lattice imperfection and solute-atom.View full abstractDownload PDF (782K) -
Fumitaka Yoshikawa1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 454-457
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome theoretical and experimental studies were carried out concerning the outer-layer differential thermal dilatation method that was contrived for precise measurement of the relativity between the transformation temperature and the solute concentration of specimens, such as carbonitrided specimens which have an inclination of the solute concentration in the case. The results in summary were as follows: (1) In such a study, we may proceed by substituting a long round solid bar with a layer on the outside in which the thermal expansion coefficient change gradually as a function of the position for a bar that has solute inclination in the surface layer. From calculation of the stress in this composite round bar at uniform heating, an equation of differential value which is measured according to the outer layer method was derived. εz−εz′=\dfrac2Δbb(αbt−εz′). In this equation, εz: unit linear strain of the composite bar with radius b, εz′: unit linear strain of the composite bar with radius b−Δb, Δb: skin thickness of the bar, αb: thermal expansion coefficient of Δb part, t: uniform heating temperature. (2) Applying the outer layer method to carburized and nitrided specimens, it was experimentally ascertained that this method is reliable.View full abstractDownload PDF (599K) -
Asei Tsutsui, Takao Furumoto1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 457-461
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImmediately following our 2nd report, the effects of specimen size on the circular test piece under a set treat condition(effective depth of carburizing 0.5 mm, quenched from 845° in oil) was observed by using SCM 21. In other words, the thermal, the transformation and the elasticity effects etc. on the residual stress caused by variation in the length of the circular test piece and the outer and inner diameter of disk-and annular shaped test pieces were observed. The results of this observation revealed that the maximum stress value of a solid and hollow cylinder decreased with the decrease of the length of the said cylinder. Also, the maximum stress value of disk-and annular shaped test pieces increased with increase of its outer diameter and the said value increased where the diameter of the test piece with a constant ratio (0.5) of the inner to the outer diameter increased. Further, the findings revealed the tendency of the maximum stress value to decrease when only the inner diameter increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (737K) -
Asei Tsutsui, Mutsuo Ichihara1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 462-465
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOur previous reports described the deviation of carbon contents, residual stress and strength after heat-treatment in relation with the continuous gas carburizing furnace and, today, we wish to report on an interesting fact discovered during operation of this furnace. The results of this study revealed as follows: (1) The carburization ability of steel varies according to the charge. (2) General deviation of the carburization ability of Cr-Mo steel. (3) Deoxidation can be considered a problem causing poor carburization ability. (4) The carburization ability of carbon steel is slightly better than that of Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr steels.View full abstractDownload PDF (632K) -
Nobuteru Awa1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 465-468
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMaking the surface area of an anode double and forty-eight times that of a cathode, the plating degree and the current efficiency were decided by plating in sixty minutes. (1) The more the surface area of the anode was extended, the less the plating degree obtained. Theplating degree fell to about five to ten percent when the surface area of the anode was forty-eight times that of the cathode. (2) The surface area of the anode had not much effect upon the current efficiency of the anode. The current efficiency at 2 V became some 95% and 30 to 40% at 3 to 4 V when the surface area of the anode was double and forty-eight times that of the cathode. (3) The more the surface of the anode was extended, the less the current efficiency of the cathode. The current efficiency of the cathode became little less than 10% at the whole bath voltage tested when the surface area of the anode was forty-eight times that of the cathode.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
Nakaaki Oda, Sadayuki Tsunoo, Toshio Hashimoto1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 468-472
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reports under the above give routine Spectrochemical analysis of titanium tetrachloride and titanium sponge, which are raw materials, intermediate materials and final products in titanium refining industry. The spectrochemical method described in our 1st report can be applied to crude and distilled pure titanium tetrachloride, if the impurities are present in the contents of more than 0.001% of Si and 0.008%V. The titanium tetrachloride sample is dissolved in dilute hydrochloric cid (2.5 cc TiCl4/10 cc HCl(1:1)) using an injection syringe. The optimum analytical conditions and line pairs was studied by duplicated 5×5 super-graeco-latin square experimental designation. The determination of impurities in sample solution is completed with the following steps; (1) Loading of the solution (approx.0.4 cc) on the pointed carbon electrode, (2) Volatalizing and exciting by direct current arc (200 V, 12 A) (3) Recording of the resulting spectra on a photographic plate and (4) Calculation of the percent of impurity elements in the sample solutoin by conventional relative intensity method. The analytical precision of this method is about 9% in terms of variation coeffecient, using the next line pairs; Si 2516.12 Å-Ti 2832.16 Å and V 3092.72 Å-Ti 2641.1 Å. The analytical range and precision can be extended by triplicate analysis to 0.0005% of Si and 0.003% of V in titanium tetrachloride.View full abstractDownload PDF (755K) -
Kazuo Tsuya1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 472-476
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was designed to investigate the real states of the hardenability of a representative automobile steel “JIS SCM 4” produced in Japan, and to propose the hardenability band for this steel. Based on this investigatinn, the procedures for establishing the hardenability band of Japanese steels were discussed. The principal results are as follows: (1) Each chemical component has different distribution. (2) The frequency diagrams of hardness of Jominy end quenched bars depart from normal curve and their shapes differ mutually. (3) Practically, the hardenability band for JIS SCM 4 agrees with that for AISI4140H. (4) For the establishment of hardenability bands, the calculated Jominy curves are not suitable because of their low accuracy, but tests using cast specimens are practically useful.View full abstractDownload PDF (725K) -
Kazuo Tsuya1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 477-480
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to establish the method obtaining steels of desired hardenability, the factors which control the hardenability of Cr-Mo steel were investigated. The experimental results are as follows: (1) The distribution of hardenability of Cr-Mo steel samples (SCM 4) melted by five Japanese steel producers showed significant difference. This difference may be attributed to the melting characteristics of the individual plant. (2) The hardenability of Cr Mo steels is related with the content of C, Mo, Cr, Mn, Cu, Si and not with that of Ni. The correlation coefficient between the Mo content and the hardenability is particularly greater than with othre elements. (3) The austenite grain size of Cr-Mo steel is significantly correlated with its hardenability.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
Kazuo Matsudo, Hiroya Kaieda1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 481-484
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors tried to measure the specific heat by the method of constant heating rate for the purpose of investigating the rate of transformation in solid state. The specific heat of cold-compression-worked (22 4, 33.7 and 36 6 percent) and annealed 70/30 brass using samples of cylindrical form was measured by heating at the constant rates (1, 2, 3 and 4°/min) from room temperature to 500°. Heat evolution was observed at three different temperatures and heat absorption at two for the cold-compression-worked samples. For the annealed samples heat absorption was only seen at two different temperature. The heat evolution observed was called the first, the second and the third with increasing temperature, respectively. The two kinds of heat absorption observed here were called A and B respectively in the same way. It was found that the temperature at the maximum rate of transformation depended upon both the degree of deformation and the heating rate. The relationship between the relaxation time and the temperature was evaluated by caluculating each activation energy and frequency factor from these results. Furthermore, cold-compression-worked (33.7 percent) and annealed samples were heated at constant rate (2°/min) and, then, quenched into 0° water, and their surface hardness was measured. From the results, it was found that the second heat evolution corresponds to the anneal-hardening phenomenon, and the third heat evolution to the recrystallization phenomenon respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (692K) -
Tomo-o Sato, Hideo Kaneko, Eizo Osonoi1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 484-488
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe carbide reactions in three chromium steels (c.f. Table 1) during tempering at constant temperature have been traced by measuring electrical resistance, and the mechanism of these reactions have also been confirmed by magnetic and X-ray analysises. As the results of these experiments, the following carbide reactions have been confirmed.
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Tadashi Kawasaki, Gunji Shinoda1958 Volume 22 Issue 9 Pages 489-492
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn X-ray diffractometer study was made to investigate the ferrite formation caused by cold working and the fading by annealing after cold working for non-stabilized type 304 stainless steel. A mixture of annealed iron powder and stainless steel powder was used as the standard sample containing given wt% of ferrite. Comparing the ratio of the line intensities of the ferrite and the austenite which were obtained from the diffracto-pattern of the cold-worked specimens with that of the standard sample, the quantities of the ferrite transformed from austenite by cold working can be easily determined. The diffraction lines most sensitive to cold working were the (111) line of γ phase and the (110) line of α phase. The ferrite formed by cold working almost completly faded away after annealing for 40 min above 400°. The fact that the hardness of specimens did not regain its original value after 850° annealing may have some connection with the carbide precipitation. Some experiments on the changes of mechanical properties caused by cold and hot working were also made.View full abstractDownload PDF (597K)
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