All issues
Volume 17, Issue 10
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Yoshimi Tanabe1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 471-475
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this report, the experiments were carried on Fe-V, Fe-C-Cr-W-V and Fe-C-Cr-W-Co-V alloys concerning the following items: (1) the change in quantity of HCl (37%) on the 3% Cu (NH4)2Cl42H2O solution, (2) the relation between optimum replica solutions and corrosive reductions by HCl, (3) the concentration of Cu, H and Cl, (4) the relation between optimum replica solution and structure of alloys and the compositions of replica solution on the Fe-C-Cr-W-V and Fe-C-Cr-W-Co-V alloys.
The used samples are shown on the Table 1 and Table 2. The results of experiments are shown on the Table 3 and Table 4. On the chemical plating, some relations are found between the ions of Cu, H and Cl in the replica solution which varies according to the concentrations of V in iron. Substituting the concentration of H and Cl by HCl quantity, these relations are shown on the Fig. 1. In the figure, the newly gained HCl curve is symmetrical to the corrosive reduction curve against the straight line which is kept 1/1. The replica solutions which contain HCl in the range of 1.15 to 2.60 cc will be able to replace the structure of various Fe-V alloys, except the alloys which contains V more than 30%. Next, HCl quantities which are used in the case of replica on Fe-C-Cr-W-V, or Fe-C-Cr-W-Co-V alloys will be estimated from the HCl quantities of the binary alloys, Fe-V, Fe-C, Fe-Cr, Fe-W, and Fe-Co.View full abstractDownload PDF (997K) -
Yoshimi Tanabe1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 475-478
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this report, the experiments were carried out with Fe-Ti alloys about the following items: (1) the change of HCl (37%) quantity in 3% Cu(NH4)2Cl42H2O solution, (2) the relation between optimum replica solution and corrosive reduction by HCl, (3) the concentration of Cu++, H+ and Cl−, and (4) the relation between the optimum replica solution and the structure of alloys.
The used samples are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. The heat treatment of test pieces of Table 2 are shown in Table 3. The results of experiments are shown i Table 4 and Table 5. Concerning the chemical plating, some relations are found between the ions of Cu++, H+ and Cl− in the replica solution which varies according to the concentration of Ti in the iron. Substituting the concentration of H+ and Cl− by HCl quantity, these relations are shown in Fig. 1. In the figure, the newly gained HCl curve is symmetrical to the corrosive reduction curve against the streight line which is kept at 2/5. The replica solutions which content HCl quantity at the range of 1.25 to 1.85 cc are possible to replace on the structure of many Fe-Ti alloys which are expected Fe3Ti.
In addendum, experiments were made on the following items: (1) on the replacement of troostite structure, (2) on the replica of super iron side alloys of ferrous alloys and (3) on the latitude of added HCl quantity value.View full abstractDownload PDF (720K) -
Hikozo Endo, Namio Ohtani1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 479-483
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom an arc-welded mild steel plate, 11 specimens were prepeared according to the differences of microstructures. Then the Vickers hardness, corrosion loss and electrode potential in 3% H2SO4 were measured in welded and annealed states. The experimental results are as follows:
(1) The corrosion losses are very conspicuous at the parts in which the microstructure is changed remarkably.
(2) The tendency of corrosion is interpreted as the synthesis of the effects of microstructure, stress and chemical composition.
(3) Galvanic reactions are thought to occur in local blocks.
(4) By annealing at 800°, corrosion loss can be decreased by 50∼60%.View full abstractDownload PDF (1039K) -
Tetsuo Yagihashi1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 483-487
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well-known that the Cu-O-S reaction in molten copper plays a very important role in the copper smelting process. Nevertheless, the mechanism of this react on is exceedingly complex and not well understood, especially in the higher range of oxygen and sulphur content. Therefore, in order to establish the essential information concerning the behaviour of sulphur in molten copper, the author has measured the equilibrium between H2S-H2 gas mixtures and sulphur in molten copper for the temperature range of 1100∼1200° and sulphur concentrations up to 0.92 pct. by an improved experimental method. From the experimental results, it is found that the relation between PH2S/PH2 and sulphur at a given temperature cannot be expressed by a straight line as the sulphur content increases, namely this phenomenon is called non-ideal solution in such a molten state of copper. Next the author has determined the solubility limit of sulphur in molten copper from the diagram of Cu-S-PH2S/PH2 system. Result is as follows:
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)View full abstractDownload PDF (815K) -
Michiyasu Doi, Zenji Nishiyama1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 487-491
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs is well known, quenched carbon steel changes in three stages on heating it with rising temperature. In the present work, in order to make a contribution to its interpretation, volume changes during these stages are calculated using the lattice parameters as measured by X-rays, and they are compared with those obtained from its dilatometer curve, and thereby the following conclusions are reached:—
(1) The first stage product is ε-iron carbide, the composition of which is nearer to Fe3C than Fe2C.
(2) During the second stage, the carbide becomes to have the composition near Fe2C. For the modification of the formed carbide, however, the dilatometer curve cannot decide which is better, ε or χ. The same is the case with the carbide in the decomposition product from retained austenite.
(3) The large contraction during the third stage is due to the change of the ε- or χ-carbide into cementite.
Finally, consideration is given to the lattice relationship between the ε-carbide formed during the first stage and the martensite matrix (α′), under the assumption that in the neighbourhood of the carbon atom, the state of martensite lattice is similar to that of ε-carbide. And the following conclusion is reached:—
Angle between α′(101) and ε(0001)=θ, α′[010]\varparallelε[11\bar20],
\ oindentwhere θ takes a value from 9.7° to 7.6° as the carbon content of martensite increases from 0 to 1.7%.View full abstractDownload PDF (804K) -
Katsuro Suenaga1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 491-496
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the demand toward heat resistant alloys is rising these days, there has been a tendency of looking for heat resistant materials in cast or sintered materials from the point of getting high temperature strength. Particularly, chromium base alloys are promising as heat resistant casting alloys, though not yet commercial as alloys. In this report in the first step the author took up Cr-Mo-Fe system alloys as basic composition in Cr 60%:Mo 15%:Fe 25%, and made experimental studies on the influence of preparing of these alloys in the atmosphere and small quantities of C and Si content in them upon the properties of these alloys. It is difficult to prepare these alloys, the melting points of them being so high. As the Fe content decreases, it becomes even more difficult to make homogeneous alloys. In order to prepare these alloys, crucibles to be used must be of the quality showing no great corrosion by Cr2O3 and with adequately high softening temperature. Furthermore, it is necessary to use a melting furnace which can smoothly reach the high temperature of 1700°. The hardness of these alloys at room temperature and at rather high temperatures are great while the decline of hardness due to the rise of temperature is less. Creep strength at high temperatures is also very high. The coefficients of thermal expansion are less than イ-301. In the range up to 1050°, we cannot find distinguished phase transformation. But these alloys are considerably brittle at room temperature compared with other heat resistant alloys. In the range up to 0.4% C content, as the carbon content increases, the preparing of alloys becomes easy, and at room temperature and high temperatures hardness and creep strength become higher, but ductility decreases. Such a decrease of ductility is largery due to the crystal growth and the precipitation of brittle metallic compounds around the boundaly of the grains. There is still room left for further investigation as to whether the improvement of ductility should depend only on the vacuum melting and casting method with raw materials well chosen or not.View full abstractDownload PDF (1150K) -
Ichiji Obinata, Eiichi Hata, Kenkichi Yamaji1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 496-501
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe solid solubility of manganese in aluminium has been determined by precise measurement of the lattice constants of α solid solution of aluminium-manganese binary system in the equilibrium state at various high temperatures. The results thus obtained agreed well with those determined metallographically by E, H, Dix and his co-workers. The existence of the so-called sub-cooled α solid solution, which contains excess manganese beyond the maximum solid solubility in the equilibrium state, has been confirmed örentgenographically, by chilling the alloys from their homogeneous liquid state.
The properties of sub-cooled alloys have also been determined and compared with those of normal state. Although the formation of sub-cooled structure increases the hardness, the tensile strength, the electric resistance and the corrosion-resistance of the alloys, the rate of increment of each property is not so conspicuous; for instance, the increment was from 15 to 20 in the Vickers hardness number in the alloy containing 4% of manganese.
If the sub-cooled alloys are heated at suitable temperatures between 100∼500°C, the hardness at first increases and then decreases with the duration of time, though the degree of hardening due to aging is not large. The activation energy of age-hardening is found to be about 12,000 cal/mol.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
Shin’ichi Nagashima1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 501-504
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFollowing the 1st report, Mg-Pb alloys containing about 30% Pb was studied on its aging at the temperature of 164°, 134° and 100°. The procedure of the measurement of the hardness and lattice constants was the same as used in the previous work, and further X-ray investigations using single crystals were performed. The results are as follows: As the aging proceeds, Pb atoms at first segregate in the solid solution matrix probably forming Guinier-Preston zones but soon they are rejected from it to form small platelike precipitate of Mg2Pb, which grow up thereafter. The number of precipitated phase is only one throughout the period of aging, i.e., this alloy undergoes one phase precipitation (continuous precipitation) for the composition and the aging temperature as employed in the present experiment. The precipitate in the early stage is formed on the basal plane of the matrix. The lattice relationship between the precipitate and the matrix is as follows:
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)View full abstractDownload PDF (1003K) -
Sosuke Uchida1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 505-508
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn general, city gases in Japan can not be used, as itself, as carburizing atmosphere of steel. In this experiment, using a furnace to convert city gas, the properties of the converted gas as for carburizing of steel were studied. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The converted gas had carburizing power, when the contents of CO2 and H2O were small. (2) The carburizing power of the converted gas decreased with increase of added air. The cause was the decreased of CH4 and H2 in it. (3) Surface carbon content of carburized steel reached the saturated values in austenite corresponding to the treating temperatures, when the amount of air added was below 50% in the city gas. (4) Converted gas can be used as carburizing atmosphere for various kind of steel. (5) When the charcoal layer in the converting furnace was replaced with Ni catalyser, the converted gas had less carburizing power.View full abstractDownload PDF (911K) -
Sadao Koshiba, Tuneo Kuno1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 509-512
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPunching dies steel is now most widely used in mechanical and electrical industries, chiefly to punch thin Si-plate, mild steel plate, etc. Many kinds of punching dies steel is commonly used today, but their compositions are mainly of high carbon steel, low Mn-Cr-W steel and high carbon Cr steel. The authors carried out a series of experiments on the effect of C 1.0∼2.0% and Mn 0.6∼1.4% on standard composition containing C 1.5%, Mn 1.0%, Cr 6% and W 3%, and first measured transformations and then studied changes in their hardness and microstructures brought about by different heat treatments. We also measured rates of deformation due to various heat treatments. The results of these experiments are sumarrized as follows: (1) The quenching temperature necessary for the maximum hardness must be lowered as the C and Mn contents increase. (2) The property of self-hardning increase as the C and Mn contents increase. (3) The rate of deformation decreases as the C and Mn contents increase.View full abstractDownload PDF (579K) -
Sadao Koshiba, Tuneo Kuno1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 512-515
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous report, the authors described the effect of carbon and mangan on 6% Cr-Mn-W steel punching dies. In the present investigation, the authors studied the effect of Cr 5∼11%, W 0∼6% and Ni 0∼1.5% on standard composition containing C 1.5%, Mn 1.0%, Cr 6%, W 3%. The method of experiments are the same as in the previous investigation. The results of their experiments are summarised as follows: (1) The properties of self hardening decrease as the Cr and W contents increase, but increase as the Ni content increases. (2) The quenching temperature necessary for the maximum hardness is raised as the Cr and W contents increase and lowered as the Ni content increases. (3) The rate of deformation is influenced by the quenching and tempering temperature, and the most desirable contents of these elements are as follows: Cr 6∼8%, W 1.5∼2.0%, Ni 0∼0.6%.View full abstractDownload PDF (634K) -
Takaaki Watanabe1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 516-520
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe crushed electrolytic iron powders of various particle sizes such as 50 mesh, 100 mesh, 200 mesh, 300 mesh, 50:100:200:300 mesh=40:10:25:25%, 100:200:300 mesh=45:20:35% and 200:300 mesh=50:50% were respectively annealed at 750° in H2. Then, these powder were pressed at 3∼4 t/cm2 and sintered at 250∼1350° for 2(1/2) hrs in H2. The shrinkage, interconnected porosity, total porosity, hardness, tensile strength, elongation and micro-structure were examined in connection with the specimens thus obtained. The experimental results are summarized as follows: (1) The effects of the particle sizes on the properties of the sintered iron compacts can be observed most markedly on the specimens sintered at 1250∼1350°. (2) These particle sizes may be classified into three groups such as “50∼100 mesh,” “200 mesh” and “300 mesh” by the differences of the properties of the sintered iron compacts. (3) The differences of the mechanical properties of the sintered iron compacts correspond nearly with those of the shrinkage and porosity at very sintering stage. (4) The properties of the iron compacts sintered with the powders of the mixtures of various particle sizes are respectively almost equa to those of the compacts sintered with the powders of the predominated particle sizes of the mixtures.View full abstractDownload PDF (1079K) -
Takaaki Watanabe1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 520-525
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe iron powders of various origins such as carbonyl iron, reduced iron, reduced mill scale iron, electrolytic iron, crushed electrolytic iron and crushed low carbon steel were passed through a 300-mesh sieve, and annealed at 750° in H2. Then, these powders were pressed at 3 t/cm2 and sintered at 650∼1350° for 2(1/2) hrs in H2. The same measurements as those in the 1st report were carried out with respect to the specimens thus obtained. The experimental results are summarized as follows:—(1) The effects of the powders of various origins on the properties of the sintered iron compacts can be observed most markedly on the specimens sintered at about 1200°. (2) The differences of the properties of these sintered iron compacts correspond nearly with those of the shrinkage at every sintering stage. (3) These powders may be classified into three groups such as “carbonyl powder”, “reduced powder” and “electrolytic powder or mechanical crushing powder” by the differences of the properties of the sintered compacts.View full abstractDownload PDF (1170K) -
A Study on Castability (5th Report). On the Effects of Mg, Mn, Cr and Ti on Castability in Al-alloysKazuo Hori1953 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 525-527
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSContinuing the former report, the effects of titanium for castability in Al-alloys co-existent with other prominent elements, such as Mg, Mn and Cr were studied. It is well known that these elements are not effective for increasing castability but they are more effective for improving mechanical and other properties. In the first report, it has been clarified that the effects of these elements for solidifying shrinkage were not of a desirable nature. But the effects of these elements for improving castability in aluminium ternary system with titanium are the basic problem of a multiple system of aluminium alloy containing titanium. The experimental results are as follows:
(1) Al-Mg-Ti system. The addition of Mg was not desirable for better castability, but addition of just 1% of Mg showed a rather good result in co-existence with titanium.
(2) Al-Mn-Ti system. The results were quite similar to that obtained with Al-Mg-Ti system. But addition of 1% Mn was not effective in recovering the runnability as seen in Al-Mg-Ti system.
(3) Al-Cr-Ti system. An increase of chromium decresed the runnability rapidly and many other defects were seen at the same time. It is clear that the addition of Cr is quite unfavourable for castability.
(4) In these studies, it became clear that the runnability is always recognized as a main factor of castability and other defects depend on it.View full abstractDownload PDF (242K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|