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Volume 16, Issue 3
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Hakaru Masumoto, Hideo Saito1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 125-128
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mean temperature coefficient of rigidity modulus in the temperature range of 20° to 50° of the alloys of cobalt, iron and chromium containing 50 to 90 percent of cobalt and less than 20 percent of chromium has been measured by a torsion pendulum method. The temperature coefficients of most alloys are negative, while as the concentration approaches the composition of stainless invar (Co=54%, Fe=36.5%, Cr=9.5%), the coefficient diminishes, first gradually and then rapidly,becomes zero at a certain composition and then changes its sign. Then the coefficient reaches a conspicuous positive maximum (+35.9×10−5) at the concentration of stainless invar. Thus, there are various alloys having zero coefficient which are called Co-elinvar. These results are almost similar to the case of the temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus measured previously by the present investigators, except that in the case of the rigidity modulus, the range showing positive coefficient and the positive maximum is located in the concentrations of more cobalt and less chromium than in the case of Young’s modulus.
Further, the rigidity modulus at 20° of the alloys has also been determined with the result that the modulus shows a maximum value (9.34×105 kg/cm2), in the alloy containing 50 perccnt of cobalt and 5 percent of chromium and a minimum (5.92×105 kg/cm2) in that containing 65 percent of cobalt and 8 percent of chromium.View full abstractDownload PDF (560K) -
Hiroshi Yamamoto, Hideo Takei1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 128-132
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment has been carried out to ascertain the effect of the cold drawing or annealing on the modulus of rigidity of α-brass and mild steel wires, and at the same time the electric resistance was measured. For this purpose, we made use of the methods of torsion pendulum and potentiometer.
The results obtained are as follows: (1) So far as the reduction of area is less than about 30%, the modulus of rigidity of α-brass wire gradually decreases with the increase of the degree of cold drawing, but after the decrease it gradually rises with the degree of cold drawing. (2) Two remarkable parts are found in the form of the curves of the modulus of rigidity of the cold drawn brass wires as the function of the annealing temperature. The first part is the small peak (or similar phenomenon) of the modulus of rigidity at low temperature 100∼200°, and the second, the large peak at 300∼450°. (3) This phenomenon coincides well with the change of the electric resistance in α-brass wires of high degree of cold drawing. (4) In the α-brass wires of lower degree of cold drawing, such as 12%, 22% and 33% reduction of area, the modulus of rigidity is more sensible for recovery and recrystallization than electric resistance. Though the change of rigidity by annealing is remarkable,that of the electric resistance is very small. (5) In a mild steel the change of rigidity by cold drawing is more complex, and the modulus of rigidity of cold drawn mild steel can be improved by short time annealing at 300∼500°.View full abstractDownload PDF (792K) -
H. Masumoto, G. Ôtomo, M. Sugihara1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 133-136
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen the two coils in the magnetometer method are on the same axis or in parallel, the present investigators have deduced two equations showing the relations of the equivalent distance between the poles to the distance between the magnetometer and the magnetized bar. And using the values of free magnetism on a soft iron bar determined by T. Yoshida and H. Kadooka, the positions of the equivalent poles have been calculated by means of the equations mentioned above. It has been found that the positions of the equivalent poles are remarkably influenced by the distance between the magnetometer and the magnetized bar, and by the intensity of external field.View full abstractDownload PDF (492K) -
Mikio Yamamoto, Jir\={o} Watanabé1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 136-140
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLight figures produced by the three principal crystallographic planes of single crystals of 3 percent silicon iron and pure iron, etched with various aqueous solutions of acids or salts, were observed and their suitability for the determination of crystal orientations by the light-figure method was examined. Distinct light figures suitable for applying to the orientation determination were obtained on silicon iron and pure iron crystals etched for a short time with 30 percent solution of ammonium persulphate and on pure iron crystals etched for a short time with saturated or 30 percent solution of ferric chloride.View full abstractDownload PDF (725K) -
Seiichi Karashima1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 140-143
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen the author investigated the plastic deformation of coarse-grained aluminium specimens on which the index lines were scratched for measuring strains, it was found that in some grains lines parallel to the index lines were observed on the other side of the specimens after certain extensions were given. This phenomenon was studied in detail by means of back reflection Laue photographs, microphotographs, etc., and its cause was attributed to the fact that the state somewhat similar to polycrystalline one was produced near the index lines by scratching and then slips were prohibited.View full abstractDownload PDF (569K) -
Tomo-o Satô, Hideo Kaneko, Katashi Masumoto1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 143-147
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rectifying characteristics of NiO were measured and the following results were obtained. The pressed type NiO rectifiers without artificial blocking layer have no rectifying action. NiO made by heating nickel plate at a high temperature, on the contrary, has rectifying action, and its rectifying direction is just opposite to that of Cu2O. Hence, it may be considered that the blocking layer of NiO is formed on its surface.
The voltage drop across the Cu2O rectifying plate was measured and it was found that the total rectification consisted of two actions, namely, the blocking layer rectification and the bulk rectification of Cu2O itself.
The effects of heat treatment of copper sheet upon the characteristic of Cu2O rectifying plate were also determined and a vacuum heating was found to be a successful pretreatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (855K) -
Kiyokazu Ogawa, Eiichi Takeuchi1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 147-151
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe treatment of carbo-nitriding are generally performed at a high temperature over the transformation point, but in our experiment we investigated the wearing of steel treated at a low temperature below Al point. As related to the previous reports, the steel of test pieces, carbo-nitriding salt, and wearing condition were the same as before, and the sliding wear, using lublicant, of steel which was treated for 20 min, 40 min, and 60 min at the temperatures 700°, 650° and 600°, respectively, were per-formed. The results of experiment are as follows: the steel treated at low temperature below the transformation point has superior wearing resistance compared with that treated at high temperature. Next, we performed various experiments in order to make clear the reason for this. (i) Treating carbo-nitriding at low temperature,nitrogen acts on steel actively, so we experimented by dibutyl adipate, which does not act on nitrogen, whether the nitrogen contained in steel acts on the lubricant oil, and changes the orientation of oil on steel surface. We did not recognize its effect. (ii) In the structure of the hardened layer treated at low temperature, globular and fine Fe3C are enclosed by the nitride of low hardness. (iii) The hardened layer, produced by the treatment at low temperature is very thin, but its true hardness is very high. (iv) It can be assumed that the internal stress of steel is small, owing to the low temperature treatment, and the deformation caused by the heat treatment is hardly recognized. Summarizing these results, the wearing resistance of steel treated at low temperature appears to be reliable mainly (ii), (iii), (iv) and we believe that it is the ideal one for the parts of the complicated form and light load wearing.View full abstractDownload PDF (943K) -
Nobujiro Takamoto, Yoshimi Tanabe1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 151-153
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the electrolytic polishing of steel, both current density and voltage almost constant in the range of about 0.1 to 0.75 per cent carbon content, but, strictly speaking, they have a tendency to diminish as carbon content increases. Where as at the carbon content near the eutectoid steel, these values drop remarkably, and this tendency is observable as little as 1.2% carbon content. Under the condition of these current density and voltage we can get sufficiently bright surface of steel with so little as 1.2% of carbon content, but with over 1.2% carbon, uniformly bright surfaces are no long obtainable by means of electrolytic polishing, and the surface is rather electrically etched in many parts. In Table 1, chemical analysis of specimen used is shown, and in Table 2 the relation between current density, voltage and carbon contents is shown, in Fig. 1 the results of Table 2 are illustrated. Photo. 1 is the polished surface of carbon steel which contained 1.2% carbon.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Hikozô Endô, Hideo Sugawara1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 153-157
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpecimens of aluminium, duralumin, super duralumin, silmin, Lautal and KS-Seewasser were pretreated at the room temperature for 10∼15 minutes with various acid sald aqueoues solutions(chloride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, etc.) containing sodium silicate, zinc carbonate, sodium silicafluoride, etc.
The corrosion resistibilities of protective films prepared by means of the above mentioned process were compared in 3% sodium chloride solution. The zinc phosphate aqueous solution containing zinc carbonate and sodium silicafluoride was most excellent in this experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (691K) -
Sôsuke Uchida1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 157-160
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Eqilibrium composition of Gases, produced by combustion of carbon with wet air has an important relation to the heat treatment of steels. Its composition can be calculated from the following equation which were derived from the equilibrium constants of the Boudouard reaction and water gas reaction: \[a0X3+a1X2+a2X+a3=0\]
Where X is the hydrogen concentration (gram mol. initial total gram mol.) in produced gases, and a0 a1 a2 and a3 are the functions of the above equilibrium constants and mol fractions of water in wet air. The concentration of CO2, CO, H2O and N2 in such gases can be found easily by using the calculated hydogen concentration. The calculation was performed under the following condition: the mol fraction of water was 0.1∼0.9 and the temperature 700∼1100°. From the calculation of the above equation, it was found that CO2 and undecomposed water had smaller values than those in usually produced gases under the same condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (512K) -
Sôsuke Uchida1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 161-164
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction of the steels with Semi-water gas produced by the combustion of charcoal in wet air were investigated, especially, on the bright heating and carburizing of steels, and the following results were obtained: (1) The curve of oxydation and reduction of Fe was plotted with the straight line in the equilibrium diagram of CO/CO2 and H2/H2O of semi-water gas. (2) These gases had strong carburizing power for steels when CO2 and H2O were small or removed. (3) When these gases was including their carburizing compositions were heated at a low temperature, soot was deposited by the following reaction in order to reach the equilibrium state at its temperature. \[CO=C+CO2 CO+H2=C+H2O\]View full abstractDownload PDF (691K) -
Nobuji Sasaki, Nagahiko Kishimoto, Ryuzo Ueda, Tôru Kuroda, Haji ...1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 165-169
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple emission-type electron-microscope with a magnetic lens was constructed.Various methods of activation of the specimen surface were tested and discussed. With Ba and Sr as activator, observations were made of the austenite microstructure of various kinds of steels at high temperatures, which reminded us of the microstructure of austenitic manganese steel. The surface of the specimen cooled from high temperatures revealed a network cut in it, which coincided well with the electron image photographed just before the cooling. Polishing and etching of the surface showed that ferrite or cementite crystals had been formed along the network of austenite grain boundaries. It is suggested that mere heating in vacuum or in indifferent gases of a steel specimen with a polished surface might serve well as a substitute for the McQuaid-Ehn method for determining austenite grain size.View full abstractDownload PDF (1071K) -
Masao Homma, Yasuhiko Hashimto1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 169-173
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the behaviour to the cast iron structure, carbide forming metallic element M is very analogous to oxygen in respect of promoting white cast ironization, although the amount of each element is very different.
This behaviour was examined from various standpoints. As the mechanism of white cast ironization of oxygen is explained by the existence and quantity of Fe-O-C-Fe cluster, so it is clarified that Fe-M-C cluster exists in liquid cast iron and by this cluster the mechanism of white cast ironization of M is explained analogously.
The experimental proof that oxygen and M behave to cast iron structure in the same manner is given by the experiments of reducing oxygen in cast iron melt.View full abstractDownload PDF (890K) -
Tsunenobu Shigematsu, Hirozo Kimura, Masao Yasumaru1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 173-176
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new differential method for analysis of sodium and lithium in welding flux for aluminum alloys has been developed. Generally, welding flux for aluminum alloys contains sodium, lithium and potassium as chloride and fluoride. When sodium was determined gravimetrically, precipitating as triple salt by a nickel-uranyl-acetate or zinc-uranyl-acetate reagent, lithium and potassium was coprecipitated, and the results obtained were found to be of too high value. The magnecium-uranyl-acetate reagent was less sensitive to lithium and potassium, and by the choice of suitable conditions, sodium was precipitated without coprecipitation of lithium and potassium. The zinc-uranyl-acetate-(lithium) reagent was less sensitive to potassium than the nickel-uranyl-acetate reagent. By using the zinc-uranyl-acetate-(lithium) reagent, sodium and lithium were precipitated as triple acetate,without any interference of potassium. Consequently, the amount of lithium was given by the difference of the two results.View full abstractDownload PDF (588K) -
Minoru Tanaka1952 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 177-181
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is a report of the results of measurements of the wavy deformations due to compression of contact plane surfaces of the same kind and the different kinds of metals, such as copper,brass, mild steel, axle steel and gray cast iron, as shown in Table 1. In the present experiments, we used the cylindrical test pieces of 10 milimeters in diameter and 10 milimeters in height, the Amsler 10 ton universal testing machine, the needle trace surface tester (×500), etc. The results obtained are summerized as follows: (1) In the case of the same kind of metals, the contact surfaces give the wavy deformations due to the compressive stress over a certain limit and the roughness increases by the greater stress intensity, as shown in Table 2. (2) In the case of the different kinds of metals, the contact surfaces give the wavy deformations under the compressive stresses greater than those which produce the plastic deformations of the harder metals and the roughnesses are nearly proportional to the yielding of the harder metals, as shown in Table 3∼6. (3) When the gray cast iron contacts with the other metals, the surfaces of the latter make deformations as the prints of the shapes and distributions of flaky graphite in cast iron, as shown in Photo. 11 and Photo. 15.View full abstractDownload PDF (1053K)
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