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Volume 26, Issue 4
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Shigeo Aoki, Isao Tarora1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 215-219
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanical properties, the change of hardness and structure by heat-treatment, and the oxygen absorption at elevated temperature of various kinds of Zr base binary alloys containing Cu, Ni, Fe, Al, Cr, Ti, Sn, Bi, Sb or Mo, have been studied. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) The strength and workability of Zr-Ni, Zr-Fe, Zr-Cr and Zr-Mo alloys are excellent. (2) Heat-treatment is effective in improving the mechanical properties of Zr-Mo Alloy. (3) Alloys having eutectoid reaction undergo martensite transformation, when water-quenched from β-phase. (4) Zr-Al, Zr-Ti and Zr-Sb alloys show very large oxygen absorption during the first 7 hrs of reaction at 750°C in dry air, while the oxygen adsorption in Zr-Cu, Zr-Ni, Zr-Fe and Zr-Cr alloys under these conditions is small and is much less than in unalloyed Zr.View full abstractDownload PDF (752K) -
Masao Adachi, Sennosuke Takahashi, Hironobu Hayashi1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 219-223
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPowders of nickel and aluminium oxide were mechanically mixed, compacted, sintered, and extruded, to produce Ni-Al2O3 alloys. Creep-rupture tests at 800°C on the extruded materials showed that the high-temperature strength of the matrix and its stability were considerably heightened when the Al2O3 content was raised above 0.4%. The room-temperature yield strength is related to the measured interparticle spacing of Al2O3 in the alloys. Materials in various stage of production process were metallographically studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (1064K) -
Masao Adachi, Tokuzou Tsujimoto1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 224-228
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aging behaviour and mechanical properties in Ti-2∼8 pct.Al-2∼8 pct.Co were investigated by tensile test, hardness measurement, microscopic observation and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The quenched β phase of Ti-Al-Co alloys is hardened by aging treatment. The age-hardening is maintained for long period in alloys containing large quantities of Al and Co. (2) Some specimens quenched and aged have excellent tensile properties. The tensile properties of aged specimens are influenced markedly by quenching temperature. (3) At aging, the extinction process of β phase in specimens containing β phase only is dissimilar to that in specimens containing α+β phase. The difference of the process is considered to be due to the difference of the nucleation and growth process of α phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (835K) -
Tsuneo Kurokawa, Tsuneto Hayashi, Nagatoshi Tsuruta, Satoru Ueda1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 228-232
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring stress-relief annealing after welding 2 1/4 Cr-1Mo steel pipes with the low hydrogen electrode having the same composition as that of the pipes, ferrite in the welded deposit is sometimes abnormally coarsened. Therefore, we investigated the annealing and welding conditions that develop coarse ferrite and the effect of coarse ferrite upon the mechanical properties, especially creep-rupture strength, of the deposit. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The growth of ferrite starts from the zone where the deposit metal is heat-affected by the next deposit layer, and when the annealing time is long, coarse ferrite grains appear also in the non-heat-affected zone. (2) The higher the annealing temperature in the range which does not exceed Ac1 transformation point, and the quicker the cooling velocity after welding, the more easily grow the ferrite grains. (3) The thermal strain produced by welding promotes the growth of ferrite, but is not the main cause of it. (4) When ferrite in deposit grows, the high-temperature tensile strength and the impact value at room temperature decreases a little. (5) During the creep-rupture test made at the temperature of 550°C, the strength of deposit is reduced due to the growth of ferrite.View full abstractDownload PDF (1232K) -
Tsuneo Kurokawa, Teishirô Oda, Yûzô Katayama, Katsua ...1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 232-236
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCoarse ferrite develops in low-carbon 2 1/4 Cr-1Mo multilayer weld deposit during the annealing process below the Ac1 transformation point. In this report, changes of the deposit in structure, hardness, and X-ray diffraction patterns after heating tests at 760°C for one to ten hours are studied. The results obtained were as follows: (1) In the heat affected zone of the weld deposit, fine ferrite and bainite are mixed. Under this condition, carbides are remarkably changed during annealing, and in about five hours such unstable carbides as M3C, Mo2C etc. are dissolved and very fine M23C6 precipitates in matrix as stable phase. (2) With dissolving of M3C, Mo2C etc. around the grain boundary the growth of ferrite is facilitated. The precipitation of the very fine M23C6 causes a large lattice strain and recrystallization starts in these regions, then ferrite grains grow quickly. The growth starts in five hours, and in the condition just before it, ferrite is much hardened. The X-ray diffraction patterns in this condition are much broader. (3) For the growth of ferrite, it is a necessary condition that the primary austenite remains undamaged (not heated to the Ac3 point or above). In this condition, fine ferrite has a uniform crystal array, which is convenient for the growth of ferrite.View full abstractDownload PDF (823K) -
Hiroshi Sakao, Kokichi Sano1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 236-240
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe activity of oxygen dissolved in liquid iron-chromium alloy was determined by measuring the equilibrium of the reaction between dissolved oxygen in liquid alloy and H2-H2O gas mixture. The experiments were carried out at 1600°C up to 30% chromium. The effect of chromium on the activity coefficient of oxygen was represented by the following equation: logf_O(%)^Cr = -8.01 ·N_Cr + 5.82 ·N_Cr^1.2, N_Cr < 0.3, 1600°C. In the range 0∼10%Cr, the data were represented approximately by eOCr=−0.047. The gas ratio of H2-H2O mixture in equilibrium with liquid iron-chromium alloy and solid oxide phases was measured at 1600°C up to 20% chromium. Using the data on the equilibrium gas ratio and the activity of oxygen in liquid iron-chromium alloy, the solubility of oxygen was thermodynamically calculated. The results were in good agreement with the work of Chipman(5).View full abstractDownload PDF (645K) -
Hiroshi Sakao, Kokichi Sano1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 240-244
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe activities of oxygen dissolved in liquid nickel-chromium and cobalt-chromium alloys were determined by measuring the equilibrium of the reaction between dissolved oxygen in liquid alloys and H2-H2O gas mixture. The experiments were carried out at 1600°C up to 30% chromium. The effects of chromium on the activity coefficient of oxygen were represented by the following equations:
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In the range up to 5%Cr, the interaction parameters were approximately estimated as follows;
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
The gas compositions of H2-H2O mixture in equilibrium with liquid nickel-chromium alloy and solid oxide phase were measured at 1600°C up to 35% chromium. Using these data,the solubility of oxygen in liquid nickel-chromium alloy was calculated.View full abstractDownload PDF (561K) -
Toshio Abe, Kazui Ishida1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 244-248
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe resistivity distribution along the diameter of a Si single crystal pulled at a slow rotation rate was investigated by doping with boron and phosphorus. (1) When no impurity is doped, some of the N-type crystals present higher resistivity in the periphery than at the center, even after quenching from 1300°C. (2) When doped with phosphorus, the resistivity in the periphery was 10∼20% higher than at the center. While that of a boron-doped crystal was uniform along the diameter. (3) When doped with both phosphorus and boron, the resistivity of the N-type crystal becomes much higher in the periphery than at the center. But with the P-type crystal, the resistivity at the center is higher than in the periphery. The resistivity difference between the periphery and the center increases as the concentration ratio of boron and phosphorus approaches unity. This phenomenon can be explained by the results in the cases of doping with boron and phosphorus separately. The fact (2) may be explained as follows : First, by the thermal convection of a molten Si in a crucible during the crystal growth at a slow seed rotation, molten Si flows horizontally from the periphery to center near the solid-liquid interface. Second, the liquid flows picking up the impurities rejected by the advancing interface, if their distribution coefficient is smaller than unity. Therefore, the phosphorus concentration of the pulled crystal becomes higher near the center.View full abstractDownload PDF (547K) -
Yûnoshin Imai, Yoshizumi Nishi1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 248-253
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe oxidation behavior and the vanadium-attack of Ni-Cr-Mo, Ni-Cr-Co-Mo alloys and some practical heat-resisting alloys containing molybdenum were studied. The following results were obtained. (1) Molybdenum increased the weight loss in scaling on Ni-Cr alloys above 1,000°C. On Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, MoO3 valatilized from surface of the scale above 1,200°C, and the rapid conversion of the metal into oxide was observed at the temperature of 1,350°C, owing to the formation of fused phase in the scale. The temperature of oxidation-resistance limit of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys is probably above, 1,350°C. (2) The temperature of oxidation-resistance limit was lowered, as the ratio of cobalt to nickel in alloys was raised, in Ni-Cr-Co-Mo alloy, Ni-base and Co-base heat-resisting alloys containing molybdenum. (3) Molybdenum increased the corrosion rate by V2O5 attack on Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Co alloys. In commercial heat-resisting alloys, molybdenum increased the corrosion rate, too. In Fe-base, Co-base an Ni-base alloys containing molybdenum, the corrosion rate was the lowest on Ni-base alloys.View full abstractDownload PDF (665K) -
Yûnoshin Imai, Yoshizum Nishi1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 253-258
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOxide films and scales formed on Ni-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Co-Mo alloys containing about 19%Cr were studied by electron and X-ray diffraction methods. The following results were obtained. (1) In Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, the rate of formation of spinel phase NiOCr2O3 rose as the molybdenum content was increased, during the early part of oxidation at temperatures of 850° and 1000°C. (2) In the scales of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, Cr2O3, NiOCr2O3, NiO and NiOMoO3 were formed above 1000°C. NiOMoO3 formed on Ni-Cr-Mo alloys decomposed, releasing MoO3 above 1200°C, and fused at the temperature of oxidation-resistance limit, 1350°C. (3) In Ni-Cr-Co-Mo alloy, formation of spinel phase (Ni, Co)OCr2O3 was expedited, owing to the cobalt content, and the formation of (Ni, Co)OMoO3 was hindered thereby. At the temperature of oxidation-resistance limit of Ni-Cr-Co-Mo alloy, (Ni, Co)OMoO3 was formed and fused.View full abstractDownload PDF (768K) -
Hideo Kaneko, Motobumi Homma1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 258-262
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present research is to find the applicability of the iodide process to prepare high purity silicon. Experiments were made mainly for purification of silicon tetraiodide and on its thermal decomposition. Metalic silicon powder (25∼80 mesh) was made to react with iodine at 750∼850°C to produce silicon tetraiodide. As a method to pusify silicon tetraiodide, experiments were carried out by recrystallization and zone melting, thus leading to the determination of conditions for obtaining high-purity silicon tetraiodide. For thermal decomposition, comparision was made between vacuum suction and argon flow methods and the superiority of the former was recognized. The characteristic of one of the silicon single crystals obtained was as follows: seed end 110-200-262-120 Ω-cm (n-type) spout end.View full abstractDownload PDF (636K) -
Haruo Fujiwara, Kohei Kojima1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 262-266
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 70/30 brass specimen was subjected to the push-pull fatigue test under the low stress amplitude of ±8.4 kg/mm2 in water, using on ultrasonic fatigue tester. Observations by optical microscope showed that pits became visible on the surface slip markings at a very early stage (0.2% of presumed fatigue life), and on the grain boundaries and in the vicinity of inclusions at a later stage. The older slip markings had higher density of pits than new ones and the persistent slip bands started to grow at regions with the densest pits. Extrusions were also confirmed on and near the slip markings by electron microscope. Both pits and extrusions can be interpreted by the behavior of lattice vacancies.View full abstractDownload PDF (1379K) -
Mungyu Kang, Shosuke Imoto1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 267-270
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe oxidation phenomena of Zr-Te alloy were studied using the tracer technique. Small amounts (0.1∼0.3%) of 127mTe-127Te, whose specific activity was about 5 mc/g, were added to pure reactor grade zirconium sheets by diffusion at 950°C. The alloy specimens thus obtained were oxidized in air or heated in vacuo at 750°C for 30 hrs. Measurements of the activity from the specimen surface with a G.M. counter showed that zirconium oxide formed by the oxidation treatment contained almost the same quantity of tellurium as the zirconium alloy. By separate counting of internal conversion electron from the 127mTe and β-ray from the 127Te using a 13.6 mg/cm2 aluminum absorber, we observed that the surface concentration of tellurium was raised markedly by annealling in vacuo, but not by oxidation in air. It is concluded that tellurium is far less movable in the oxide than in the zirconium alloy, suggesting that tellurium ions are trapped by oxygen-ion vacancies in the zirconium oxide. This trapping action, at the same time, decreases the mobility of the oxygen-ion vacancies. The good oxidation resistance of Zr-Te alloy is explained by this mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
Ryoichi Nozato1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 270-274
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAge-hardening of a lead alloy containing 0.4 wt%Mg was studied by metallographic examination and micro-hardness measurement. (1) The change of metallographic structure with aging time was of the “continuous precipitation” type. (2) At higher aging temperatures than 75°C, age-hardening could be related with the microscopic appearance of precipitates. At lower aging temperatures than 50°C, however, age-hardening was observed prior to the microscopic appearance of precipitates. (3) The specimens age-hardened by low-temperature aging showed considerable reversion phenomena. (4) The fractional change (f) of hardness with aging time (t) by low temperature aging seemed to be represented by Johnson-Mehl’s equation: f=1−exp(−btn), where n was a constant independent of the aging temperature with a value of 1.1±0.15. The relation between f and t was also described by Austin-Rickett’s equation; f⁄(1−f)=ktn, where n′ was a constant of about 1.4. Referring to Mishima et al’s classification, it can be concluded from the value of n′(\simeq1.4) that the age-hardening observed at low-temperature aging is of the “pre-precipitation hardening” type. (5) The activation energy for low-temperature aging was found to be about 10 kcal/mol.View full abstractDownload PDF (672K) -
Toshio Kurosawa, Toshihide Ishikawa, Tetsuo Yagihashi1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 274-277
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to prepare pure silicon by the iodide process, the purification of crude SiI4 by the recrystallization and distillation methods has been examined. By the use of quartz vessels and organic solvents including toluene, n-heptane and benzene in the recrystallization mothod, Ti, Al, and Cu, etc. were removed in a few repeats. Distillation in an all-quartz, 13 theoretical plate column packed with Fenske ring was found to be effective in eliminating Cu, Mg, and Mn etc. and most impurities were found in the residual part of the still.View full abstractDownload PDF (524K) -
Kozo Morinaga, Bunji Eto1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 278-282
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the investigation of cast materials, the authors found the following: When the castings made of pig iron containing titanium had parts very different in thickness, they were apt to have casting defects analogous to pin holes and showed low values in water-pressure-resistance test. To make clear the sause of this defect, firstly, the configuration of Ti compounds in the synthetic titanium pig iron was studied by X-ray diffraction method. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Titanium compounds in the synthetic pig iron (Ti<0.7%) consisted in two TiN-TiC solid solutions, namely TiC containing little TiN and TiN containing a considerable amount of TiC. The former is called TiC(N) and the latter, TiN(C) in this report. (2) TiN(C) existed in pig iron containing Ti below 0.3%. Its lattice constant was increased linearly with increase of Ti content. (3) In low Ti pig iron,there were more TiN(C) than TiC(N), but TiC(N) was increased with increase Ti content. Only TiC(N) existed in pig iron containing Ti above 0.30%.View full abstractDownload PDF (774K)
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