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Volume 33, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Sakae Takeuchi, Kenji Suzuki1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 409-414
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity of the nonstoichiometric VO phase with NaCl-type crystal structure have been measured as a function of oxygen cocentration and temperature. The magnetic susceptibility of the VO phase is found to be the sum of both contributions of the temperature dependent part followed by the Curie law and the temperature independent part with a small value. From such a behavior of magnetic properties, it can be anticipated that V4+ ions are formed with a certain fraction on the sites in V-sublattice which are adjacent to the randomly distributed vacancies, and an impurity band takes place owing to 3d electrons trapped at the vacancies in O-sublattice. The temperature coefficient of electical resistivity for the homogeneous VO phase is negative all over the observed range. In the higher temperature range the logρ∼1⁄T linear relationship appears because of the predominant hopping conduction of 3d electron between V5+ and V4+ ions. Since this linearity is broken with decreasing temperature, we can consider that the contribution of interband scattering to the resistivity becomes predominant in the lower temperature range. From these considerations we have proposed an electronic band model which can reasonably explain the experimental results, that is, the Fermi level is located at the concave position in the state density∼energy curve produced by overlapping of the bottom of 3d-band and the top of impurity-band, and the localized state of 3d electron in V4+ ion is added at the position of Fermi level.View full abstractDownload PDF (1317K) -
Sakae Takeuchi, Kenji Suzuki1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 415-419
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe shift of NMR spectrum of V51 in the nonstoichiometric VO phase with NaCl-type crystal structure has been measured as a function of oxygen concentration. In the composition range of homogeneity the VO phase has the positive shift which increases gradually in the range of O/V<1; it becomes to a maximum near the stoichiometric composition and decreases abruptly in the range of O/V>1 with increasing oxygen concentration. If the observed NMR spectrum of V51 in the VO phase is regarded as the one of the atomic nuclei of V5+ ion, the relationship between the shift and the temperature independent part of magnetic susceptibility can be understood. From these considerations we have abtained the following conclusions; (1) The observed shift of V51 in the VO phase can be regarded as the sum of both contributions due to the orbital and the core polarization interaction of 3d electrons. (2) The positive shift results from the large contribution of the orbital interaction of 3d electrons. (3) But, the oxygen concentration dependence of the shift is mainly determined by the core polarization interaction of 3d electrons which gives negative shift. (4) The orbital paramagnetic susceptibility of 3d electrons (χorb) is 112×10−6 emu/V5+-mol and the positive shift due to the orbital interaction (Korb) is 0.376%, which are nearly independent on the oxygen concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (1668K) -
Ichiro Kawakatsu, Tadashi Ariga1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 419-425
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCopper-Phosphorus brazing materials are low in ductility and very brittle for brazing purposes. The object of this study was to determine the working condition and mechanical properties of these brazing materials. The experimental results are summarized as follows:
(1) The transition temperatures of ductility in these brazing materials were: BCuP-1, 215°C; BCuP-2, 205°C; BCuP-3, 200°C; BCuP-5, 185°C. This result shows that the warm working of these brazing materials can more easily be carried out at temperatures higher than these transition temperatures.
(2) In these brazing materials (working ratio; 35 to 55%) hardening at annealing temperatures between 100° and 200°C was observed. This phenomenon became more remarkable with increasing working ratio.
(3) The effect of hardening by cold working increased proportionately and the hardness was recovered at the annealing temperature of about 550°C.
(4) In the case of annealing of the cold worked brazing materials, the elongation and electrical resistivity decreased rapidly at about 400°C as a result of the precipitation of the brittle Cu3P phase in the copper α-phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (1922K) -
Namio Ohtani, Osa Matsumoto, Yutaka Tawara1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 425-431
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of aluminium on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of copper-zinc and copper-aluminium alloys in NH3 gas was investigated. Results obtained are as follows:
(1) Susceptibility to SCC decreases considerably with increase of Al % in Cu-Al alloy, although it increases with increase of Zn % in Cu-Zn alloy.
(2) Transmission time of NH3 gas into the alloy specimen becomes longer with increase of Al % in Cu-Al alloy.
(3) Susceptibility to SCC decreases remarkably in Cu-Al alloys by the “film treatment”, that is, heating for 3 min at 300°C in air, but it does not change at all in Cu-Zn alloys.
(4) Apparent activation energies are estimated as about 5∼10 kcal/mol during the induction and crack propagation periods by the measurement of elongation-time curves in SCC.
(5) From the above results, the corrosion reaction seems to be important, in which the diffusion of reaction products is a rate determining process in SCC of copper alloys under the conditions of the present experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1543K) -
Namio Ohtani, Kunio Aihara, Shunji Takamoto1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 432-436
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS8 mm-motion pictures of etch pits on a 18-8 stainless steel were taken in a solution containing 1 NH2SO4 and 100 mg/L NH4SCN. Pit morphology and the growth process were examined with them. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) Although the pit shape depends on the potential and orientation of the crystal grain, (111), (100) and (110) planes whose surface energy is small appear preferentially at the active range of potential.
(2) A large number of pits appear, but the mean diameter of them is small at a low temperature. The case is reverse at a high temperature.
(3) Apparent activation energy in the process of pit growth is estimated as about 9.3 kcal/mol. It seems to suggest that the rate determining process of pit growth is the diffusion of metal ion in a pit.View full abstractDownload PDF (1675K) -
Eisei Oshio, Akimasa Yoshiga, Masao Adachi1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 437-442
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe morphology and the precipitation process of the transition ω phase in brine-quenched and aged Ti-5%Fe alloy have been studied mainly by means of transmission electron microscopy. The structure of the ω phase and the crystallographic relationship among the ω, α and β phases have also been examined, using selected area electron diffraction data.
Electron microscopy revealed that brine-quenched Ti-5%Fe alloy contained unresolvable ω phase. ω particles increased in size and decreased in number with aging time at 400°C and 500°C. The maximum hardness was shown when ω particles of 150∼250 Å were densely precipitated. The occurrence of the α phase caused the specimen to soften rapidly. The morphology of the ω phase was cubic and its habit plane was {100}β.
It seems reasonable to consider that the crystal structure of the ω phase is hexagonal with c⁄a=0.613 and with the orientation relationship [0001]ω\varparallel[\bar111]β, (11\bar20)ω\varparallel(0\bar11)β, as proposed by Silcock et al(3). The relationship between the α and β phases was determined as [11\bar20]α\varparallel[111]β, (0001)α\varparallel(01\bar1)β.View full abstractDownload PDF (1645K) -
Tsutomu Yanagase, Yukio Suginohara1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 443-448
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous paper, the infrared absorption spectra of PbO-SiO2-Al2O3 and Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3 systems were reported for the purpose of finding the effect of Al2O3 on the molten silicates. In this paper, the infrared absorption spectra of calcium aluminum silicate glasses were observed for various compositions. In the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system, it was found that the peak of the absorption band due to stretching vibration (ν3) of Si-O tetrahedron showed a shift to about 970 cm−1 in wave number with increasing Al2O3 content in the silicate. The absorption band due to vibration of the isolated Al-O tetrahedron in glassy silicate was observed at approximately 700∼730 cm−1, and for the associated Al-O tetrahedron the peak tends to shift to the higher frequency side with increasing Al2O3 content.View full abstractDownload PDF (1694K) -
Tsutomu Yanagase, Yukio Suginohara, Kenro Ikeda1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 448-454
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, the surface tension and density of molten BaO·2SiO2+MxOy system were reported. Observation of the various physical properties molten silicates is of great importance in order to clarify the constitution of molten silicate. Therefore, the change of electrical conductivity in the barium silicate melts by the addition of various oxides was determined by using a Wien’s bridge in the temperature range of 1400°∼1600°C.
As a result of electrical conductivity measurements, it was found that the contribution of di-valent ions for the conductivity was less than that of mono-valent ions, and the conductivity apparently increased with decreasing ionic radius in mono-valent ions, whereas it decreased with decreasing ionic radius in di-valent ions. These results were similar to those obtained in PbO-SiO2-MxOy systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (1599K) -
Susumu Nishigaki, Yasuko Kondo, Ryukichi Nagasaki1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 455-460
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree Be-Ca alloys with varied Ca contents were oxidized at temperatures between 600° and 700°C. A kinetic analysis of the rates of weight gains at different temperatures led to a conclusion that the oxidation proceeded through at least three stages. A close relation was noted between the mode of the oxide film growth and the oxidation behaviour at each stage. Addition of a small amount of Ca improved markedly the corrosion-resistance of Be. The effect was explained in terms of (1) dispersion of the corrosion resistant Be13Ca phase, and (2) formation of a Ca-rich layer at the metal-oxide interface which plays a vital role as a barrier against Be-ion diffusion.View full abstractDownload PDF (2343K) -
Tohei Ototani, Yasuzi Kataura1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 461-465
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of deoxidation with calcium and calcium alloy in combination with aluminium, prior heat-treatment above the A1 transformation and aging temperature on the strain aging behavior of sheet steels containing 0.01 to 0.05%C and 0.006 to 0.027%N were investigated. The specimens after heat-treatment were strained 7 pct or 8 pct through the yield point-elongation in the tensile test and aged for 30 or 60 min in the temperature range from 100° to 300°C. From the increase in yield strength the criterion of aging was employed. The result of this experiment may be summarized as follows: The addition of elements which possess the deoxidizing power was effective in reducing the strain aging, and each steel treated with aluminium plus Fe-Ca-Si alloy showed a 30 to 50 pct reduction of strain aging compared with the aluminium deoxidized steel. It is assumed that the reduction of the strain aging in steels deoxidized together with aluminium and calcium was attributed to the increase of the amount of aluminium nitride caused by the aid of calcium deoxidation. The heat-treatment in the vicinity of 815°C which will reduce subsequent strain aging may be possibly due to those phenomena which promote the precipitation of aluminium nitride.View full abstractDownload PDF (1854K) -
Mineo Kosaka, Michihide Machida, Yukio Hirai1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 465-470
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dissolution process of solid aluminum into molten Al-Si alloy was studied in the temperature range 585° to 640°C and the silicon concentration 7.5 to 14.2 wt%.
Three types of experiment were carried out by using (A) diffusion cell, (B) rotating cylinder (forced convection) and (C) stationary cylinder (natural convection). Effective diffusion coefficients of silicon in molten alloy were obtained from experimental series A and the results obtained are expressed as follows:
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Experimental mass-transfer coefficients, k, for the series B and C agreed fairly well with those estimated curves from the predicted non-dimensional correlations using the effective diffusion coefficient, De. Therefore, it was concluded that the dissolution process of aluminum was controlled by the diffusion of silicon in the liquid solid interfacial layer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1186K) -
Masafumi Okamoto, Masayoshi Hasegawa1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 471-475
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the structure and tempering behaviors of quenched C-free Fe-B alloys, investigations have been made by optical and transmission microscopy and the hardness test, with considerations on strengthening mechanisms of quenched and tempered Fe-B alloys. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Fe-B alloys quenched from the austenitic range exhibit the equiaxed α, massive α, martensite and these mixed phases, according to the boron content in austenite and the cooling rate. (2) The substructure of the Fe-B martensite water-quenched consists of parallel plates or ‘lath’ containing a high density of dislocations, and the addition of Nb, Mo or W, etc. results in the formation of the ‘lath’ structure over a wide range of cooling rates. (3) In tempering of Fe-B binary alloys containing above 0.005%B, the resistance to softening and two-stage peaks in hardness correlated with iron boride precipitation are appreciated. The activation energies of the rate controlling processes roughly correspond to that of the diffusion of boron in ferrite. The resistance to softening of Fe-B alloys increases with the addition of Nb, Mo or W etc.. (4) Basic reason for the higher resistance to softening of tempered Fe-B alloys is thought to be the obstruction to slip offered by the substructure which interacts with and is locked by dissolved boron atoms.View full abstractDownload PDF (2066K) -
Zen-ichi Tanabe1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 476-480
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe widespread use of aluminium brass in condenser tubes may be attributed to its high erosion and corrosion resistance.
Aluminium brass, however, is eroded by sand in water at power stations where river or sea water is used. This type of erosion, described by the term “sand erosion”, is not studied completely.
The loss caused by sand erosion is so serious in view of material and energy resources that the basic information on sand erosion is desired.
In this paper, effects on the contents and grain diameter of sand, velocity of solution and cathodic protection on the sand erosion of condenser tube alloys are studied.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) The rate of sand erosion increases with the content and grain diameter of sand.
(2) The rate of sand erosion varies in proportion to the velocity of solution.
(3) The sand erosion with a flowing velocity of 2 m/sec is protected by cathodic current, because this erosion process is electrochemical. But the cathodic protection is not sufficient where the flowing rate is 4 m/sec, because of the mechanical characteristics of sand erosion.View full abstractDownload PDF (811K) -
Takeo Oki, Jun Tanikawa1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 480-483
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMetallic Co, Ni and W were obtained by the cell reaction of molten salts cell, Al(−)/AlCl3-NaCl-KCl\varparallelMClx-NaCl-KCl/M(w)(+)(M: Co, Ni, W). Their overall cell reactions were:
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Optimum conditions for metal deposition in this experiment were obtained as follows: NaCl:KCl=1:1(mol ratio), reaction temperature=770°∼800°C, concentration of MClx=1∼10 mol% (for Co deposition), 5 mol% (for Ni deposition) and 3 mol% (for W deposition).
Under these conditions, current efficiencies of the cell reactions were 90∼96% (for Co), 89% (for Ni) and 63% (for W), and the deposit metal contained a very small amount (about 30 ppm) of Al (used as reductant).View full abstractDownload PDF (1209K) -
Kazutaka Sakiyama, Masami Fujimoto1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 484-488
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe results obtained are as follows:
(1) In pure concentration caustic soda the corrosion weight loss of cast iron decreases by the addition of NaNO3. On increasing its content, the corrosion weight loss decreases.
(2) The corrosion weight loss of cast iron containing 1%Ni is maximum as the passive film becomes unstable. When the Ni content increases more than 1%, the corrosion rate decreases gradually.
(3) Ni cast irons in concentration caustic soda solutions containing less than 0.1%NaNO3 show a larger anodic dissolution than that of cast iron. An increase in NaNO3 content has a favorable effect on the diminution of the active current density of Ni cast irons.
(4) Ni added to cast iron has the same excellent inhibition effect to the dissolution of FeO2− and FeO4− ions as Fe-Ni alloy.
(5) 3%Ni cast iron is a most suitable material in concentration caustic soda solution containing the oxidizing agent as NaNO3.View full abstractDownload PDF (1475K) -
Hakaru Masumoto, Yûetsu Murakami, Masakatsu Hinai1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 488-492
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMasumoto et al. discovered previously that alloys near the Ni3Mn composition exhibit high-permeability by proper heat treatment. The alloys were named “Nimalloy”. In the subsequent work on the effect of additions of various elements on the properties of nickel-manganese alloys, the highest initial permeability of 76000 and the highest maximum permeability of 441000 have been obtained.
The results on tungsten additions to nickel-manganese alloys show that the optimum cooling rate to attain the highest permeability in each alloy decreases gradually in general with increasing tungsten content, so that the alloys were baked for a long time at various temperatures below the order-disorder transformation point after slow-cooling from 900°C. With increasing tungsten content, the permeability of nickel-manganese alloys increases first gradually and then rapidly attains a maximum value, after which it decreases gradually.The alloy consisting of 76.65%Ni, 19.23%Mn and 4.12%W exhibits the highest initial permeability of 13720 when cooled at a rate of 5°C/hr from 900°C and reheated at 380°C for 430 hr, and the highest maximum permeability of 60700 when cooled at a rate of 3°C/hr from 900°C The latter heat-treated alloy shows a magnetic hysteresis loss of 47.47 erg/cm3/cycle and a coercive force of 0.0321 Oe for the maximum magnetic induction of 5000 G, an intrinsic magnetic induction of 6232 G at an effective magnetic field of 900 Oe and an electrical resistivity of 58.7 μΩ-cm at 20°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1519K) -
Ôhiko Kammori, Isamu Taguchi, Ken-ichi Takimoto, Akihiro Ono1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 493-497
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method of dissolution under ultrasonic agitation was developed for rapid isolation of precipitates and inclusions from steel samples. And apparatuses suitable to routine analysis were also developed.
Fundamental experiments of ultrasonic agitating dissolution method were carried out using 18-8 stainless steel disk sample and I2-methyl-alcohol solution as dissolving solution. Effects of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power and dissolution temperature on the dissolution rate of the sample were studied. The results were compared with those of the conventional magnetic stirring dissolution method.
Ultrasonic agitation was found to increase the dissolution rate of the sample more than magnetic stirring. About 5 gram of common steel samples (thickness: 1 mm) were ultrasonically dissolved at 60°C within 2 hr with 14% I2-methyl-alcohol solution. The isolation ratios of oxide inclusions from 18-8 stainless steel and Fe-O system steel were higher than those by magnetic stirring.
The ultrasonic agitating dissolution method was successfully applied to acid isolation of carbides at room temperature from steels of Fe-Mo-C, Fe-V-C and Fe-Ti-C systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (2379K) -
Masahiro Ashizuka, Masayasu Ohtani1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 498-503
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe electrical conductivity of molten slag was measured by many researchers but their results are not always consistent.
Reinvestigation is therefore necessary to clarify the reason of disagreement.
The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The true resistance of the electrolyte RT, was calculated by the equation, Rm=RT+ΔR, where Rm is the measured resistance. ΔR depends on the frequency, f, in the relation, ΔRα1⁄fn, in which n is nearly 1.0 for 0.1 D KCl aq. solution, KNO3 and KCl salts, Na2O-SiO2 melts and varies from 0.5 to 0.8 for PbO-SiO2 melts. Therefore, the true resistance of the melts is obtained only by the extrapolation to infinite frequency.
(2) The cell constants measured at 15°∼30°C, 350°∼500°C and 850°∼900°C with 0.1 D KCl aq. solution, KNO3 salt and KCl salt, respectively, were nearly equal within the experimental error.
(3) For PbO-SiO2 melts, the effect of ΔR on the electrical conductivity is remarkable with the increase of PbO concentration and temperature, Log k did not show a linear relation with 1⁄T in the range of low PbO concentrations.
(4) The electrical conductivity of Na2O-SiO2 melts obtained by the extrapolation to infinite frequency was higher than those of previous researchers and the result at 1 KHz was almost similar to that of Mori-Matsusita.
There was no effect of atmospheres of the cell on the electrical conductivity for the slags used.View full abstractDownload PDF (2133K) -
Hisashi Suzuki, Kozi Hayashi, Ichiro Kawakatsu1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 504-509
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe transverse-rupture strength of the WC-10%Co alloys has been investigated in relation to their mean grain size and binder composition, i.e. carbon contents of the alloys, using the specimens having fairly higher strength than that so far reported by many researchers. The specimens were vacuum-sintered under controlled conditions. The mean grain size of WC ranged from 1.4 to 4.5 μ. The transverse-rupture strength test was mainly conducted according to ASTM B-406-64, and according to JIS B-4104 if necessary.
The results obtained were as follows: (1) The alloy exhibited the highest strength at the mean grain size of about 2.0∼2.2 μ, and the arithmetic mean value reached 350∼370 kg/mm2 according to the test of ASTM Standard. (2) It was confirmed that the strength was also affected by the carbon content, in the same way as already pointed out by the present authors in the alloys having usual strength. (3) The strength vs. grain size curves as well as the measured value of the strength appeared to be changeable, depending on both the testing methods and the strength level of specimens. (4) On the fracture surface of each alloy, the region containing the starting point of that fracture was macroscopically observed in the inner region a little apart from the tension-surface. The region was named as “white spot” by the present authors, because the colour of the region looked like silver.View full abstractDownload PDF (1254K) -
Masanobu Ohmori, Yoshitoyo Yoshinaga, Takeshi Kawahata, Yoshihiko Sane ...1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 509-515
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA testing apparatus, in which simple tension, compression, torsion and some plastic working operations can be given to metals under high hydrostatic pressure up to 5000 atmospheres, is described here in detail. And some experimental results, i.e., shear properties of a mild steel and a 70-30 brass are reported as a function of the intensity of hydrostatic pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (2052K) -
Tasaburo Nishioka, Yukio Yasukuni, Takeshi Nishioka1969 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 515-519
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSZum Aufklären der Änderung des Drahtdurchmessers, die bei der Durchlaufbiegeverarbeitung des Stahldrahtes eintritt, wurden patentierte und patentiert-gezogene Stahldrähte in Zickzackform auf der dicht nebeneinander sitzende Rollen gezogen und wurde Einfluss der verschiedenen Biegeverarbeitungsbedingungen auf die Änderung des Drahtdurchmessers untersucht.
Aus dieser Untersuchung gehen die folgende Ergebnisse hervor.
(1) Bei der Durchlaufbiegeverarbeitung nimmt der Durchmesser des patentierten Stahldrahtes ab, während der Durchmesser des gezogenen Stahldrahtes bei leichter Biegeverarbeitung zunimmt, bei starker Biegeverarbeitung dagegen abnimmt.
(2) Die Abnahme des Drahtdurchmessers bei Durchlaufbiegeverarbeitung ist unter gleichen Biegebedingungen grösser als bei Hin-und Herbiegeverarbeitung.
(3) Die Abnahme des Drahtdurchmessers bei einer Durchlaufbiegeverarbeitung wird grösser mit abnehmendem Biegedurchmesser, steigendem Biegetemperatur und wachsendem Gegenzug.
(4) Die gesamte Abnahme des Drahtdurchmessers vor dem Bruch durch die Wiederholung der Durchlaufbiegeverarbeitung wird grösser mit abnehmendem Biegedurchmesser und ist am grössten bei 400°, am geringsten bei 200° in Biegetemperaturbereich von 0° bis 400° und ist sehr gross beim entsprechenden Gegenzug.View full abstractDownload PDF (1509K)
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