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Volume 22, Issue 8
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Masayoshi Tagaya, Soji Nenno, Masashi Kawamoto1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 387-389
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFe-Cr-Al alloys containing 20 to 35%Cr and 0 to 4%Al were aged for 720 hrs at 500°, 600°, 700°, 800° and 900° respectively and examined by hardness test and microscopical and X-ray methods. Sigma was not formed in alloys containing less than 25% of Cr. In alloys containing about 30%Cr, addition of 0.3% of Al accelerated sigma formation and with further addition of Al the amount of sigma and the rate of its formation decreased. Alloys containing about 35% of Cr but no Al showed great amount of sigma, but alloys containing Al more than 1.26% with the same Cr content showed no sigma formation. The rate of sigma formation had its maximum at 700°. All alloys aged at 500° showed embrittlement at 475° X-ray photographs taken from these alloys using Mn-K radiation showed no superlattice line.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Hiroshi Kitagawa, Yoshito Aimoto1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 389-393
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCritical studies were made of various methods for determination of iron and rapid complexometry of iron, manganese and zinc in ferrite were carried out. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The liquid zinc amalgam reduction-KMnO4 titration method produces Mn++ at the end point in the case of large amounts of KMnO4 titre and gives positive error. Use of diphenylamine indicator gives accurate results. (2) The photochemical reduction by oxalic acid-H3VO4 titration method is accurate and simple even on large when the concentration of iron is large. (3) In SnCl2 reduction-H3VO4 titration method, the color changes of diphenylamine at the end point is made very sharp by addition of oxalic acid and it gives accurate results even with large amounts of H3VO4 titre. (4) Sodium azide and naphthol green B or malachite green mixture are good indicators in complexometry of ferric iron containing manganese and zinc. (5) Rapid simultaneous complexometry of manganese and zinc in Mn-Zn-ferrite is described.View full abstractDownload PDF (746K) -
Tokushichi Mishima, Ryukiti R. Hasiguti, Yasuo Kimura1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 393-397
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAir-cooled and cold-rolled specimens of Vicalloy containing chromium were aged at 420∼600°C for various lengths of time. The saturation induction, the residual induction, the coercive force, and the Vickers hardness were measured during the aging process. The coercive force increases with a decrease of the saturation induction, that is, with an increase of the precipitated volume of the non-magnetic gamma phase. The experimental results obtained agree with Néels theory which claims that the coercive force is closely connected with some kind of inhomogeneity in the material. A remarkable increase of the Vickers hardness was observed in the early stage of aging process. This hardening is due to the change from the disordered alpha phase to the ordered phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (709K) -
Takeo Fukutomi1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 398-401
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe non-elastic deformation ΔZ which remains after a certain torsion treatment decerased with the rise of annealing temperature of the filament until coarsening took place in it but increased rapidly with further rise of annealing temperature. The major part of ΔZ consisted of anelastic deformation before coarsening and of plastic deformation after coarsening. The internal friction decreased with the increase of annealing temperature until primary recrystallization began and remained unchanged thereafter. The optimum temperature of annealing for the purpose of obtaining good elasticity lies between 1500 and 1800°K for a tungsten filament of nonsag type, when the annealing time is 30 minutes.View full abstractDownload PDF (568K) -
Kazumasa Futakawa1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 401-404
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOf the effects of chemical composition on graphitization of white cast iron, this time, the effect of aluminum was investigated by varying the aluminum content to 0.017, 0.175 and 0.518% in specinens of 2.25% of carbon and 1.25% of silicon content. The behavior of graphitization of white cast-iron was studied by the same method as described in the 1st report. The results obtained were as follows: (1) With increase of aluminum, the time required for the completion of the first stage of graphitization was remarkably shortened and also the number of graphite nodules was remarkably increased. (2) In the isothermal transformation diagram for the second stage of graphitization, the curves for the beginning and the ending of the direct transformation and the curve for ending points of graphitization of pearlite were moved to the left with increase of aluminum. Accordingly, the time required for the completion of the second stage of graphitization through the direct transformation as well as the indirect transformation was remarkably shortened with increase of aluminum. However, the curves for the beginning and the ending points of the pearlite transformation in the diagram were virtually unaffected by the aluminum content. (3) The temperature range, in which the time required for the completion of the second stage of graphitization was shortened by the direct transformation rather than by the indirect transformation, was determined for all the iron samples tested in this work.View full abstractDownload PDF (724K) -
Kazumasa Futakawa1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 404-408
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOf the effects of chemical composition on graphitization of white cast iron, in the study reported herein, the effect of magnesium was investigated by varying the magnesium content to 0, trace and 0.016% in the case of 2.1% of carbon and 1.65% of silicon contents. The behavior of graphitization of white cast iron was studied in the same method as described in the 1st report. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The time required for the completion of the first stage of graphitization was the shortest of all samples in the case of trace content of the residual magnesium and was again prolonged by increasing the residual magnesium content. (2) In the case of trace of the residual magnesium content, the temper carbons were the smallest in size and the largest in number of all samples However, in the case of 0.016% of the residual magnesium content, the temper carbons were again decreased in number and became spherulitic in form. (3) In the isothermal transformation diagram for the second stage of graphitization the curves for beginning and ending points of the direct transformation were moved to the right with increase of the residual magnesium. Accordingly, the time required for the completion of the second stage of graphitization at the same temperature through the direct transformation was remarkably prolonged with increase of the residual magnesium, and also the curves of the beginning and the ending points of the pearlite transformation in the diagram were moved to the right therewith. (4) The time required for the completion of the second stage of graphitization through the indirect transformation was the shortest of all samples in the case of trace content of the residual magnesium and was again prolonged by increasing the residual magnesium content. (5) The temperature range, in which the time required for the completion of the second stage of graphitization was shortened by the direct transformation rather than the indirect transformation, was determined for all the iron samples tested in this work.View full abstractDownload PDF (977K) -
Nakaaki Oda, Noboru Katayama, Kazue Endo1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 408-412
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous report, the authors described that the vacuum fusion gas analysis using tin bath is an accurate and useful one for the simultaneous determination of oxygen and hydrogen in titanium. But it seems that papers on the influences of critical factors on precision and accuracy using the tin technique are scarce, so the authors have investigated about these influences and the following results were obtained: (1) It was ascertained that the operating temperature and the surface condition of graphite chips, especially its size, were the main critical factors for analytical procedures, and found that the most optimum conditions were 1920∼1950° and, 18∼20 mesh, respectively. (2) Solidification of bath and “gettering” action were observed, and we found both have tendency to decrease the rate of gas extraction. But useful techniques for restraining these influences have been found by the present authors. (3) The influence of Cl in Ti (produced by Kroll process) on the oxygen and hydrogen values was also discussed. (4) About 98% of oxygen was recovered by the proposed technique which gave about 5% deviation in the teems of coefficient of variance for 0.01% oxygen level, and about 8% for 0.001% hydrogen level. Morever, the lowest limit of determination were 0.003% for oxygen and 0.0002% for hydrogen.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
Tasaburo Nishioka, Yukio Yasukuni1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 412-416
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSÜber die Härteverteilungen in Stahldrähten sind bisher nur fragmentarische Untersuchungen veröffentlicht worden. In diesem Artikel berichten wir im ganzen über die Härteverteilung als eine Funktion der chemischen Zusammensetzung, Wärmebehandlung, Drahtdicke und Ziehbehandlung. Die Versuchsergebnissen sind wie folgt. Die Härte über den Querschnitt des Stahldrahtes in wärmebehandeltem Zustand ist im allgemeinen im Kern die niedrigste und seine Verteilung verändert sich in Abhängigkeit von chemischer Zusammensetzung, Wärmebehandlung und Drahtdicke. Nämlich zeigt der Stahldraht betreffs chemischer Zusammensetzung bei 0.11%C, hohem Mn-Gehalt und grobem Austenit-Korn, betreffs Wärmebehandlung bei Glühen und betreffs Drahtdicke beim Durchmesser unter 2.35 mm guten Ausgleich in Härteverteilung. Die Härte des Stahldrahtes in gezogenem Zustand ist an einem luftpatentiert-gezogenem Draht mit 0.11%C beim Düsenwinkel von 2.5° bis 10° hoch im Kern und niedrig im Rand aber an diesem Stahldraht beim Düsenwinkel über 20° und am Stahldraht mit 0.44% bis 0.81%C unabhängig von Düsenwinkel ist niedrig im Kern und maximal zwischen Kern und Rand.View full abstractDownload PDF (743K) -
Tetsutaro Mitsuhashi, Kiyoshi Tamura1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 416-420
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome basic properties of MoSi2 Cermet for refractory hard materials have been investigated. MoSi2 powder was prepared of pure molybdenum and silicon mixture by arc-melting in an argon atmosphere and subsequent crushing in a ball-mill. The preparation of MoSi2 Cermet was carried out either by hot-pressing in vacuum or sintering in vacuum subsequent to cold-pressing of mixture of MoSi2 powder and 5∼10% binder metals. Some physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were investigated. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The density and the hot-hardness of the specimens obtained by hot-pressing in vacuum are better than those of the specimens made by cold-pressing. (2) In general, these test indicate that the optimum sintering (hot-pressing) temperature for MoSi2 Cermet is lower than the melting point of the binder metal used. It was 1300∼1400°C for Ni and Co, 1350∼1400°C for Fe, and 1300∼1380°C for binder metal of stainless steel. The maximum density obtained by hot-pressing reached 99.2∼98.0% of the theoretical value. (3) These specimens have shown satisfactory resistance against 10% hydrochloric acid and 10% sulphuric acid, but a worse resistance against 15% nitric acid. (4) In oxidation tests at 1100°C the resistivity against oxidation was found decreased with increase of the amount of binder metals. (5) In general, the hardness in hot state is decreased with increasing the amount of binder metals. For instance, it was 150∼170 (Hv) at 850°C with 10% binder metals. (6) The thermal shock resistance is improved by increasing the amount of binder metals. (7) The moduli of rupture of these specimens average 27∼32 kg/mm2 at 800°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (837K) -
Eihachirô Tanaka, Fumio Hataya1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 421-425
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was described in the previous report that a secondary recrystallization occurred above a certain limit of reduction but did not occur bellow a certain limit of thicknes when Al and Cu foils were annealed. In this report foils with the same reduction and different thickness were annealed isothermally. The shape, the size and the orientation of the secondary recrystallized grains were observed. The results were as follows: (1) In Al, a secondary recrystallization occurred in the thicker foil (0.142 mm) but did not occur in the thinner foil (0.015 mm). (2) In the thicker Al foil some of the primary recrystallized grains, which were relatively large and had concave grain boundaries and special orientation, coarsened. (3) In the thinner Al foil such primary recrystallized grains were observed but a secondary recrystallization did not coccur. (4) In Cu foils the thinner the thickness, the larger the incubation period of the secondary recrystallization and the smaller the secondary recrystallized grains.View full abstractDownload PDF (1155K) -
Hideo Nishimura1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 425-428
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPt-Mo alloys were arc-melted in argon atmosphere. Their melting temperatures were measured, X-ray analyses and microscopical study were carried out. From these results the equilibrium diagram was constructed. This alloy system consists of three kinds of solid phases, i. e. the Pt-rich solid solution α an intermediate phase β corresponding to Pt-Mo compound and the Mo-rich solid solution γ. The liquidus of β phase shows a maximum and on the Pt-side a peritectic reaction Liquid+β\ ightleftharpoonsαoccurs and on the Mo-side there exists an eutectic reaction Liquid \ ightleftharpoonsβ+γ
The electric resistance of Pt-rich alloys and the thermo-electromotive forces of Pt-(Pt-Mo) alloys were measured. The thermo-electromotive force shows a maximum value at about 3.5%Mo.View full abstractDownload PDF (654K) -
Hideo Takei1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 428-432
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the changes of the rigidity modulus the electrical resistivity and the hardness due to cold-drawing and annealing (aging) were measured for nickel, monel and CA-alloy. The measurements were made on specimens of wire of 0.6 mm diameter, using of a torsion pendulum, a potentiometer and a micro Vicker’s hardness tester. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The rigidity modulus of nickel and monel wires decreases remarkably with the amount of cold-drawing up to the reduction of 80% in area, but gradually increases by heavy drawing above 80% reduction. (2) The change of the rigidity modulus in CA-alloy due to cold drawing is rather little. (3) The rigidity modulus of nickel and monel increases slightly by annealing at 200∼300°, but remarkably increases at 500∼650°. (4) The rigidity modulus of CA-alloy increases by aging at 100∼250°, but a particularly remarkable increase takes place at a higher temperature, which depends upon the amount of cold drawing.View full abstractDownload PDF (757K) -
Hideo Takei1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 432-436
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the changes of the rigidity modulus the electrical resistivity and the hardness due to cold-drawing and heat treatment (annelaing and aging) were measured for beryllium copper containing 1.86%Be. The measurments were made on specimens of wire of 0.6 mm diameter, using a torsion pendulum a potentiometer and a Micro-Vicker’s hardness tester. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The rigidity modulus of the beryllium copper wires cold-drawn after annealing is generally larger than that of the wires cold-drawn after solution heat treatment. (2) The rigidity modulus of the specimen annealed did not change much by the cold-drawing, but, that of the quenched specimen changes perceptibly and the manner is rather abnormal. The cause of this abnormality is quite unknown. (3) The rigidity modulus of the beryllium copper wires cold-drawn after annealing, which has not the faculty for age-hardening, increases by the annealing, that is, slightly increases at the stage of recovery and remarkably at recrystallization. (4) The rigidity modulus of the quenched specimen, which has not the faculty to recrystallization also increases by aging at a temperature less than 450°. But the aging temperature required for obtaining the maximum rigidity modulus is not equal to that required for increasing the hardness to the maximum, but it equal to that required to reduce the electrical resistivity to the minimun. (5) These facts seems to lead us to the conclusion, which is contrary to that of the previous paper(1), that the increase of rigidity modulus by aging is not due to the hardening but to the precipitation of γ-phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (669K) -
Toshimasa Morooka1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 436-439
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Young’s Moduli (E) of alloys containg 10∼95%Zn were measured by longitudinal vibration method at room temperature. The specimens containing α′ phase by quenching showed very low values of E. In annealed specimens, the moduli increased gradually with the content of Zn. From this fact it is concluded that the α and the β phases must have higher values of E than the α′ phase. On aging or tempering the alloys containg about 78%Zn, the specimens which do not contain Mg aged at room temperature and those which contain 0.1%Mg tempered at 100°C both showed a minimum in the E-t curves in the initial range of tempering or aging. In other cases, E increased rapidly to the saturation value, except for the case of containing 0.1%Mg the alloys aged at room temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (676K) -
Minoru Okada, Toichi Watanabe1958 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 440-442
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dimentional change due to annealing after cold-working of low-carbon steels and austenitic stainless steels was studied. In the case of low-carbon steels, the dimentional change due to annealing after cold-working occurs in the same direction with the direction of the cold-working, but in the case of austenitic stainless steels it takes place in the reverse direction. The mechanism of these phenomena was discussed on the standpoint of dislocation theory. The dislocations which were piled up at the barrier during cold-working, have a tendency to migrate in such a direction that their high stress may be released. The direction of this migration depends upon both the direction of cold-working and the characteristics of material which imply the kind of the crystal lattice, the influence of Cottrell effect and the strength of the barrier. Such a migration of dislocations results in the phenomena discribed above.View full abstractDownload PDF (533K)
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