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Volume 16, Issue 11
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Hideji Suzuki, Susumu Ikeda1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 585-588
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecrystallization of cold worked aluminium plates was studied in terms of the rate of growth of a recrystallized grain. The rate was measured by means of the method, employed by Anderson and Mehl, with slight modification. The measurements were carried out at 296∼622° for pure aluminium plates (99.995%) of various initial grain size which have been elongated 1.2∼15%. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Rate of growth of a recrystallized grain decreases with the progression of the isothermal recrystallization. It is pronounced in specimens with rather small intial grain for small amount of elongation. (2) There are important relations between the rate of grain growth and the initial grain size, that is the driving force of the grain boundary migration in the course of recrystallization is a function of (l+c)⁄D, at a lower temperature than 530°, and of l⁄D at the higher than this, approximately. Here l is the degree of elongation, C a constant with magnitude of 1.02%, D the average diameter of initial grains. (3) The relation of logv vs. 1⁄T does not reveal a straight line but a curve concaved to the lower. Lower than 400°, the curve would be approximated by a straight line, but it has a more moderate tangent than those of Anderson and Mehl.View full abstractDownload PDF (618K) -
Shigeo Muromachi1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 588-591
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author made a micro-hardness tester consisting of a metal microscope, a Vicker’s diamond pyramid and a micrometer, (Fig. 1). This tester has the following characteristics:- the loading is applied almost without friction, and the distance between the objective and the specimen is always kept constant (Fig. 2-Fig. 3). The least load of this tester is 20 g, and the smallest size of the grain to be tested is 0.07 mm in diameter. From the results of the test, it was shown that, with the increase of the load, the hardness of metals and alloys gradually increased, tending to the respective constant values. The difference in hardness of an alloy due to a small change of the composition was also observable. Hence, the crystal segregation can be studies with this hardness tester. In the case of the alloys, Pb-Sb, Sn-Sb, Pb-Sb-Sn and Al-Cu (4%), some interesting results were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (453K) -
Yunoshin Imai, Tetsurô Ishizaki1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 591-595
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present investigation was carried out to as certain the effect of nitrogen on the elongation at yield-point and the serrated deformation in steel. The experiment was carried out on steels containing Si, denitrogenized by Al or Ti, annealed in hydrogen or nitrogen atmosphere or high vacuum. The shape of the specimens and the method of experiment, etc., are entirely the same as those mentioned in the 8the report.
From the present investigation authors concluded as follows:
(1) The Serrated-deformation appeared at about 180° decreased with the increas of Si, but the same appeared at about 250° increased with the increas of Si. (2) By the addition of Al or Ti, by the annealing in hydrogen atmosphere or high vacuum, the serrated-deformation and the elongation at yield-point was seen to decrease. (3) By the annealing in nitrogen atmosphere the serrated deformation and the elongation at yield-ptoint was seen to increase.View full abstractDownload PDF (844K) -
Susumu Morioka, Kazutaka Sakiyama1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 596-599
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of chromium content on the anodic behaviour of iron-chromium alloys containing 0∼30% Cr in sulphuric acid solution were studied systematically. Results are summerized as follows:
(1) Increase in chromium favoured the onset of passivity of the iron-chromium alloy and its effect increased especially from 6% to 15% Cr.
(2) After the passivation, the anodes of iron-chromium alloy, but not pure iron, began to dissolve at about Eh=1.2 volts in the hexavalent condition of chromium, the current due to the dissolution being greater, the higher the chromium content.
(3) Alloys containing more than 23% Cr showed the second passivation when the strength of the current flow, owing to the production of hexavalent chromium ions, reached a certain value.
(4) All of the alloy electrodes containing up to 30% Cr in de-aerated sulphuric acid solution showed the active base potential, but after being passivated once, the alloy electrodes containing more than 18% Cr did not tend to restore the original active condition by removal of applied passivating voltage, retaining passive noble potential.View full abstractDownload PDF (638K) -
Susumu Morioka, Kazutaka Sakiyama1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 599-602
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFollowing the first report, further studies were carried out on the anodic polarization of iron-chromium alloys. Results obtained are as follows:
(1) The voltage or the initial current density necessary to passivity was smaller, the higher the chromium content and the longer the time maintained at that voltage.
(2) It was deduced that the second passivation found in anodic polarization of alloys containing more than 23% Cr was the same in mechanism as the first passivation of the active alloys.
(3) The formation of the ordered lattice (Fe3Cr) in alloys reduced the anodic dissolution of the alloys.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Renpei Yoda, Gisaburô Kuwabara1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 602-606
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome chemical and physical changes of the spherulitic graphite iron treated at 1400° with 0.5∼10% Mg in the form of pure Mg were investigated using specimens cast in dry sand mould 14 mm in diameter after being kept for 30 sec from the instant of the Mg-addition.
The abrupt change in some chemical and physical properties in the iron appeared at 5∼6% Mg-additions; though the amount of the free cementite in the matrix of iron increased gradually at 1∼5% Mg-additions, it suddenly began to decrease from 6% Mg-addition. The hardness of the iron increased at 1∼5% Mg-additions and then decreased from 6% Mg-addition. The number and the size of the spherulitic graphite in the iron decreased gradually at 1∼5% Mg-additions and then, from 5.5% Mg-addition, both of them increased, but the latter again decreased remarkably from 7% Mg-addition. Concerning the residual carbon and sulphur in the iron, the former decreased gradually at 1∼5% Mg-additions, and increased from 6% Mg-addition, but the latter decreased gradually at 1∼6% Mg-additions and then increased from 7% Mg-addition. The residual total magnesium showed the linear and gradual increase at 0.5∼5% Mg-additions, next, sharp increase at 5∼6% Mg-additions and then again the linear and gradual increase from 6% Mg-addition. The relative relation of both amounts of alloyed magnesium and non-metallic inclusions such as MgO, MgS in irons was discussed, and it was confirmed that the above phenomena can be explained from the author’s point of view on the above relation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1172K) -
Masao Homma, Michio Shigihara1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 607-610
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe clarified that dissolved oxygen in cast iron melt would cause various different structures, consequently, it could be expected that other properties of cast iron were affected variously by oxygen content. In this report, it was described experimentally in detail for the following itemes.
(1) With the increase or decrease of oxygen from the flake graphite cast iron (ordinary oxygen amount), chill effect of castings is increased. (2) The ratio of combined carbon to graphite carbon is decreased with the decrease of oxygen content. (3) The graphitizing velocity of white cast iron is increased with the decrease of oxygen content.View full abstractDownload PDF (767K) -
Yoshitaro Fuke, Akira Kondo1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 611-614
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeith has already published his study on the solid solubility of Ag in Pb. According to his results, the solid solubility is 0.1% Ag at the eutectic temperature (304°).
We ascertained not only Seith’s results, but examined the solubility behavior in the lower temperature range than 200° in which he had not obtained exact values.
According to the author’s experiment, the solid solubility did not change linearly, for example, at 180°, 0.04% Ag, 108°, 0.025% Ag and 78°, 0.01% Ag.
For the determination of the solubility limit, the following experimental means were applied:
(a) The measurment of electric resistance. (b) Differential thermal analysis. (c) Hardness test. (d) Thermal analysis. (e) X-ray analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
H. Endô, A. Itagaki1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 614-616
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe corrosion tests were carried out on stainless steels of 18% Cr-8% Ni and 18% Cr-14% Ni types containing 0.5 to 2.5% Si. The corrosives were aqueous solutions of 1, 5, 10 and 20% H2SO4, 5% HCl and mixtures of H2SO4 and HNO3 in boiling conditions.
The specimens were annealed at 840° for 2 hours or quenched in water after heating at 1090° for 30 minutes.
The effective quantities of silicon were as follows: On 18% Cr-8% Ni types, in both cases of quenching and annealing, they were 0.5% and 2% Si against 5%, 10% and 20% sulphuric acid.
On 18% Cr-14% Ni types, in both cases of quenching and annealing, they were 0.5 to 2% Si against 5%, 10% and 20% sulphuric and 5% hydrochloric acid and 2.5% Si, in only case of quenching, against mixed acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (345K) -
N. Saito, K. Motoyama1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 616-619
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simplified design of small Nier type mass spectroscope was studied for quantitative and qualitative analysis in the mass range from 1 to 80. The principal features include an oscillating accelerating voltage, excited magnetic field, A. C. amplifiers, and cathode ray oscilloscope. Successful application has been made to gases, CO2, CO, H2, SO2, hydrocarbons, etc, which evolved from Fe, Cu, Ni, Alclad Fe and vacuum oil.
Accuracy obtained from isotope ratio determination of Cl in commercial HCl (Cl 35, 37) was 0.5∼3%.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
Yûkô Mitani, Yasuhiro Hirose, Takashi Kobayashi1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 620-623
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA previous report shows that induction hardened steels have greater amount of residual stress than usual quenched steels. Residual stress induced by martensite transformation may be the cause of cracking. It was occasionally found that the induction hardened steels cracked more frequently than usual quenched steels. In order to reject this failure surface hardened steels must be tempered at low temperature (150°, 200°), but hardness of induction surface hardened steels decreases even at this low temperature.
These two phenomena have been unavoidable failures for induction surface hardening. However, the author tried to employ mar-tempering, and found that strain and stress were very small and hardness decreased little. Successful results were obtained in the experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (805K) -
Masayoshi Tagaya, Yoshiro Soyama1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 623-626
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe steel wire (C\doteqdot0.6%, Mn\doteqdot0.8%, 0.31 mm dia) was continuously quenched and tempered by resistance heating and Martemper method and the conditions of heat treatment were variously changed. In these cases the tensile strength, elastic, limit, resiliency and number of bending were measured. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The elastic properties of cold drawn wire were remarkably raised by quenching and tempering regardless of the tensile srtength. (2) The quenching temperature at which all properties showed the maximum values was higher in the continuous quenching than in the ordinary quenching. (3) The heating time for the quenching scarcely had any influence on all properties but it had influence on the quenching temperature at which the maximum values of all properties were obtained. (4) The temperature of the metal bath and dipping time in it scarcely had any influence on all properties, if the wire were sufficiently cooled before it was introdused into the tempering bath. (5) The cooling rate between the metal bath and the tempering bath scarcely had any influence on all properties as long as the wire was sufficiently cooled. (6) The tempering temperature had great influence but its time scarcely had any influence on all properties.View full abstractDownload PDF (1131K) -
Taro Ueda, Masao Tanaka, Asao Nishimura1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 626-630
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to measure the case depth of carburized steels easily and non-destructively, the authors investigated an electro-magnetic method. The carburized specimens which had the known case depth were excited by alternating current and read the induced voltage in secondary coil. From this preliminary tests the relation curve between the case depth and induced voltage are obtainable. From this curve we can find the case depth of other samples nondestructively. In order to get most sensitive results, the frequency of exciting current must be proper according to the case depth.
The experiment was carried out with the specimens with the dimension, 16 mm diameter and 115 mm in length, and carburized at 850° and 950° for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours, respectively.
The experimental results obtained are as follows:
When the case depth was smaller than 1 mm, the sensitive results could be obtainable by using high frequency exciting current, for example, 500∼1000 cycles/sec, but in the case of the depth being greater than 1 mm, the better results could be obtained by using low frequency current, namely, 100∼300 cycles/sec. And it is important that the relation curve between the case depth and induced voltage is different with the carburized conditions, namely, carburized temperature, cooling velocity, etc., because the reading results are affected by these factors, so the carburized conditions of the preliminary test sample and the samples under examination must be equal.View full abstractDownload PDF (652K) -
Ichiji Obinata, Takeo Hikage, Jenichiro Nakamura1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 630-633
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the 4th report, it was pointed out that the addition of Cr was very effective in the prevention of the decaying phenomena of “Zamak”. In the present paper, the properties of “Senzak”, which is the name given to the alloy containing Cr, were re-examined in detail and compared with those of “Zamak” having similar composition. The results obtained may be summarized as follows:
(1) The addition of Cr to Zn-4Al-3Cu and Zn-4Al alloys respectively, decreased the change in length of the alloys during 95°-steam test.
(2) The addition of Cr to the alloys not only increased the initial hardness and tensile strength of the alloys, but also increased the said properties after the steam test.
(3) The above mentioned effects of Cr became more conspicuous when the alloys were made from low grade zinc.
(4) Although the addition of Cr decreased the flow-length of the alloys during casting, this effect was not so fatal as to make the alloy unsuitable for die casting.View full abstractDownload PDF (482K) -
Hidekiyo Asai1952 Volume 16 Issue 11 Pages 633-635
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSilver, copper, cadmium, tin and zinc with a little calcium were tested as the contact material.
Calcium, less than the eutectic composition, improved the contact faculties of silver, especially of copper. But the contact properties of cadmium, tin, and zinc were lessened by the addition of calcium.
In the alloyed material of contacts, as a rule, the author may probably deduce the effect of contact faculties of component elements or constituents from their relative facility of fusing or decomposing.View full abstractDownload PDF (469K)
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