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Volume 17, Issue 11
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Mikio Yamamoto, Satoshi Taniguchi1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 529-531
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have measured the densities of ferromagnetic iron-aluminium alloys in annealed and in quenched states. The densities of alloys containing more than 10% Al decrease by quenching from 700°C and the observed relative changes are shown to be in good agreement with the values calculated by the use of the change in lattice parameter obtained by Bradley and Jay.View full abstractDownload PDF (441K) -
Mikio Yamamoto, Satoshi Taniguchi1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 532-536
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have measured the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic iron-aluminium alloys and obtained some interesting results as to the influence of order-disorder transformation. The saturation magnetization in alloys containing from 10 to 12% Al increases, while that in alloys containing more than 13% Al decreases, by quenching from 700°C, indicating the fall in Curie temperature by Fe3Al→FeAl transformation. The magnetization of 17% Al alloy in quenched state is small, and never saturates even under a high field, this phenomenon being observed for high-aluminium alloys. It is also shown that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant of iron decreases by the addition of aluminium and changes its sign at the composition near Fe3Al.View full abstractDownload PDF (761K) -
Shigeo Oketani, Shigemaro Nagakura1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 536-540
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors studied, by means of reflection method of electron diffraction (E.D.), the structures of vacuum evaporated gold films on natural surfaces of SiC single crystals which were held at room temperature (L.T. films) and above the critical temperature (H.T. films). The thickness of films is from several Å to 200 Å. The L.T. films were heat-treated up to 550°C. The authors explained the difference of the structure between the E.D. and the electron microscope (E.M.) observations. Namely, the gold films observed by E.M. are heated by the intense electron bombardment, their crystals grow rapidly and thus, the size of crystal grains observed by E.M. is always much greater than the value obtained by E.D. method. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The structure of L.T. films changes from the halo or diffused ring pattern to the weak (110) fibre orientation at the thickness increases above 100 Å. (2) Heat-treatments give a mono-crystalline orientation to the L.T. films of the thickness of 20∼30 Å. This structure is similar to that of H.T. films of the same thickness. Heating velocity does not affect the result. (3) L.T. thin films are polycrystalline but they contain some atom groups in the region near the surface and these atom groups act as recrystallization nuclei during heating. (4) Under the condition of our experiment, mono-crystalline orientation is not produced by heating when the films are thick enough (70∼80 Å and above). In this case, heating velocity or heating time affects the structure of the films.View full abstractDownload PDF (761K) -
T. Hirone, N. Kunitomi, K. Satô1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 540-543
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIf the supersaturated solid solution of Al-Cu which contains 1 or 2% Cu is annealed after the cold-work at lower temperature than precipitation temperature of Cu atoms, the recovery of cold-work occurs in the specimen. In this paper, the change of internal friction in this process was investigated, and a maximum was observed during each annealing. This maximum is caused by the viscous motion of lattice defects such as dislocations which interact with the precipitating Cu atoms.View full abstractDownload PDF (737K) -
Tetsuo Yagihashi1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 544-548
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAssuming that the liquid state of copper is quasicrystalline and the gas atoms dissolved are situated interstitially in the vacant positions of the lattice, the theoretical formulae on the equilibrium between H2S-H2 gas mixture and sulphur in molten copper has been derived by the statistical thermodynamical method. Next, for comparing with the experimental data obtained by the author, the values of some unknown constants ΨS, \varphiSS, θS in theoretical formulae, which correspond to the interaction energy between S-Cu and S-S pairs and the vibrational characteristic temperature of sulphur atom in molten copper have been determined numerically. So, when these values are substituted into the theoretical formulae, the following semi-theoretical equations can be obtained:
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
\ oindentin which, x and y are the atomic concentration of sulphur and hydrogen in molten copper respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (821K) -
Genziro Mima, Shosuke Imoto1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 549-552
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe transformation from α phase to σ phase of an iron-chromium alloy which contains nearly an equal content of both the components proceeds autocatalytically such as the tin pest. The transformation rate is very slow, and we observed the σ phase grow in the form of hexagon. The transformation rate which was measured dilatometrically is greatest near 740°. Young’s modulus of the σ phase which had been obtained when the transformation took place above 770° at room temperature was found to differ markedly from that of the σ phase which had been obtained below 730°. We assume that two kinds of σ phase exist. We observed strain lines in the σ phase which had been obtained above 770°, but not in the σ phase which had been obtained below 730°.View full abstractDownload PDF (796K) -
Kenji Ono, Tadashi Nemoto, Toshio Yaegashi1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 552-557
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreviously isothermal transformation diagrams of four kinds of Si-Mn Steel were determined and the mechanism of the isothermal transformation at various temperature was elucidated. The present research was also carried out, mostly by magnetic analysis, on the decomposition of austenite in the intermediate and martensite transformation ranges; on the influence of holding time at isothermal transformation upon subsequent bainite and martensite transformations during cooling; on the influence of transformation temperature on the transformation process; on the influence of holding time at transformation temperatures on the amount of the residual austenite; and on the influence of holding time at 400° on hardness by micro-hardness measurement. We arrived at the following conclusions; (1) The decomposition of austenite is not completed by isothermal transformation, therefore at the end of transformation a considerable amount of residual austenite remains. (2) The length of holding time of isothermal transformation has the effect of progressively lowering the temperature of the subsequent transformation on cooling. (3) On heating the residual austenite decomposes in two stages at temperatures between 200 and 500°.View full abstractDownload PDF (1144K) -
Eitaro Matuyama1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 557-560
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
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Kenji Kusumoto, Mutsuo Ohta1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 561-564
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the effect of Mn on the mechanism of aging of Al-Cu alloys, the experiments were performed on Al-Cu alloys containing 2% Cu and Al-Cu-Mn alloys containing 2% Cu and 1% Mn. Specimens were quenched in boiling water after being heated at 540° for 24 hours, and tempered for various hours at 150°, 200° and 250°, respectively. The variation of the streaks accompanied by Iaue spots during aging were studied, and we also measured the change of electric resistanced by precipitation on the quenched specimen being heated at a constant velocity. The results lead to the following conclusions. (1) The artificial aging process of Al-2% Cu alloy was rather accelerated by addition of about 1% Mn. (2) In the case of Al-Cu-Mn alloy, in addition to CuAl2, a ternary compound was precipitated during the aging on the crystallographic planes other than the {100} plane. (3) The beginning temperature of precipitation in Al-Cu-Mn alloy was lower than that of Al-Cu alloy by about 15°.View full abstractDownload PDF (620K) -
Utaro Ito, Sigeru Kaneda, Mituo Kawada1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 565-569
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have studied the “sintering condition” of sintered alloys of silicon and copper, which are used as catalysers in the manufacture of silicon resin, particularly the relationship between the purity of hydrogen atmosphere and the activity of the alloys with the under-mentioned results. We moulded a mixtures of 8 parts of mechanically pulverized silicon powder and 2 parts of electrolytic copper powder into a compact mass under pressure 1-ton/cm2, and then sintered it for one hour at 1100°C, in hydrogen of various moisture and oxygen contents. After sintering, we kept at room temperature for different periods of time, and then measured the activity of each of them. The results of the measurements showed that the activity of the alloy, which was sintered in hydrogen containing a relatively high moisture or oxygen, was high immediately after sintering, but as time passed, it gradually decreased, while the activity of the alloy sintered in hydrogen of high purity increased, though low immediately after sintering. We found that the alloy to which was added a small quantity of titanium hydride, which decompose and evolves nascent hydrogen at high temperature showed a markedly high activity.
Microscopic examination of the surface of the alloy revealed that, when the alloy was left as it is for a certain period of time, its metallic grains began show cracks developed on their perimeters and collapsed by degrees. This phenomenon was particularly conspicuous in the case of the alloy sintered in hydrogen of high moisture or oxygen content, and moreover we ascertained that the growth of cracks in the grains is almost proportional to the decrease in the activity of the alloy.View full abstractDownload PDF (820K) -
Kyozi Shimizu, Kazumasa Futakawa, Yoshio Yamazaki1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 569-573
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the first report on the investigation of the bulk materials of iron used in hot-dip galvanizing, the loss of iron by dissolution and into Fe/Zn alloy layers were investigated with electrolytic iron and plain carbon steels which were immersed in molten zinc at 450° and also the loss by dissolution of some pure metals were investigated. And the results are as follows: (Furthermore, the loss of iron by dissolution (L) is shown by loss in weight (mg) of the specimen after the alloy layers were dissolved in SbCl3-HCl solution, divided by the surface area (cm2) of the specimen. (1) The loss by dissolution of pure metals i.e. Mo, W, Cr and Ni, immersed for 2 hours in molten zinc at 450°, amounted to 0, 0.14, 5.7 and 30.1 mg/cm2, respectively. (2) In the case of electrolytic iron, low carbon steel and 1.12% carbon steel, the relation between immersion time (t) and loss by dissolution (L) is of parabolic type i.e. L=k\sqrtt (k is a constant, showed in Fig. 1). The alloy layers formed on the iron surface consist of 3 kinds of compound layers i.e. Γ (21∼28% Fe), δ1 (7∼11.5% Fe) and ζ (6∼6.2% Fe) and the thickness of δ1 layer is substantially the same one another, but in the order of electrolytic iron →0.15→0.07→0.18% carbon steels, the thickness of Γ layer decreases and the thickness and the porosity of ζ layer increase. (3) In the case of hypo-eutectoid steels containing more than 0.4% carbon, 1.4% carbon steel and electrolytic iron (as melted, rolled and annealed), the relation between immersion time and loss by dissolution is of linear type i.e. L=kt (k is a constant, showed in Fig. 1) and loss by dissolution increases with the content of carbon. In their alloy layers there are no Γ layer and a very thin δ1 layer, and the ζ layer with much porosity increases remarkably with the loss by dissolution. (4) In view of the relation between C content and the thickness of the alloy layers (Fig. 4), it is characteristic that the alloy layers on the carbon steels showing little loss by dissolution have a thicker δ1 layer than the ζ layer and contain a Γ layer, and the more compact the alloy layers are, the more anti-attack is the specimen. In summary, it was concluded that the most suitable bulk material made of plain carbon steel was 0.07∼0.15% carbon steel.View full abstractDownload PDF (998K) -
Jingoza-emon Matsu-oka1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 574-578
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStrain tempering is a treatment in which heat and mechanical forces are simultaneously applied for a short period of time on materials. “Shear Strain Tempering (SST)” means a type of strain tempering in which torsional stress is applied instead of tensile stress. In the present experiments, the carbon steel wire (0.59% C) cold drown 71% in ordinary way has been used as specimens and the results obtained are as follows: As the applied temperature in SST rises the values of both tensile and yield strengthes increase at first, reach a maximum and then decrease. Generally, the higher the number of twists in SST, the lower the value of both strengthes, but there is a range of temperature in which higher strength is obtained in spite of higher degree of twist. On the other hand, torsion value decreases at wider range of temperature; In order to obtain higher strengthes and torsion values, pre-twisting before KRK-treatment is recommended.View full abstractDownload PDF (940K) -
Takashi Ikeno1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 579-583
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were made with 99.6% and 99.0% aluminium; they were cast at 700° or 730° into chill moulds preheated previously to 20°, 150° or 300° and hot rolling of 77.7% was given at 500° finally a cold rolling of 85%. Heating just for one hour, the recrystallization temperature and the change of grain size were determined by means of mechanical tests and microscopic examinations. (1) In the case of low-purity aluminium; when the ingots were rapidly solidified, two phase compounds are so uniformly distribute along the grain boundaries, as they have uniform and fine micrograins. The recrystallization temperature rises and its structure is very fine. On the contrary in the case of slow solidification of the ingots whose structure is of rough and irregular micrograins, the recrystallization temperature is lowered and the size of recrystallized grain size grow larger. (2) In the case of high-purity aluminium; As the structure, is similar, two phase compounds distribute uniformly by rapid solidification, but as the two phase compounds are very few and tend to effect a denser distribution of working strain as compared with the slow solidified ingots, the recrystallization temperature is lowered and yet recrystallized grains are finer in size.View full abstractDownload PDF (1536K) -
Takuichi Morinaga, Hiroshi Hagihara, Masao Ikeda, Shigetaka Kashima1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 583-586
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe discolored parts appearing on the fractures of the slabs or billets which were cast in a rice-bran mould were often recognized in brass manufacture using the said mould. The slabs or billets containing the discolored parts decreased the workability in rolling and drawing. In order to explain the causes of the defects, the present investigation were carried out on lines similar to those of the previous work. Especially, the cooling velocity and the mechanical property were determined in detail and these results would be of great use in explaining the causes of the defects. (1) From the results of the chemical analysis of the discolored and sound parts, the former was found richer in content of copper and iron than the latter. (2) Two specimens were made from each part and their density was determind; the former was 7.85 g/cm3 and the latter 8.44 g/cm3. These difference in density may be due to the porosity of the former. (3) The elongation of these specimens obtained from the products which were made from slabe using a rice-bran mould under ordinary cooling velocity, though small, decreased as compared with that cast in a metal mould. (4) To prevent the decrease of the elongation, it is necessary to adapt an ordinary-typed rice-bran mould to a quick cooling type.View full abstractDownload PDF (699K) -
Takaaki Watanabe1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 587-591
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe crushed electrolytic iron powders were passed through a 325-mesh sieve, and annealed at 750° in H2. Then, these powders were pressed at 0∼20 t/cm2 and sintered at 350∼1450° for 2\frac12 hrs in H2. The same measurements as those in the 1st report were carried out with respect to the specimens thus obtained. The experimental results are summarized as follows:—(1) The stages of the sintering temperature may be classified into three groups such as “450∼750°”, “800∼1250°” and “above 1350°”. (2) At the first sintering stage, the increase of tensile strength is due to the remarkable increase of the bond between particles with rising temperatures and increasing pressures. (3) At the second sintering stage, the increase of elongation is due to the remarkable increase of the assimilation between particles with rising temperatures and increasing pressures. (4) At the third sintering stage, the properties of the sintered compacts approach to those of the molten iron, because of the marked increase of the grain-growth between crystal grains. Furthermore, it is noted the tensile strengths and the elongations of the sintered iron compacts pressed at over 12\frac12 t/cm2 and sintered at 1300∼1400° suddenly decrease and their fractured sections glitter.View full abstractDownload PDF (1131K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 592-594
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 594a
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
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[in Japanese]1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 594b-595
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
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[in Japanese]1953 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 595-600
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
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