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Volume 22, Issue 1
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Masao Terasawa1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 1-3
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA number of experimental results have been published already about the equilibrium diagram of the binary alloys of Pb-Si series. Since the properties of Pb were found to be improved by addition of Si to Pb, the author systematically studied on the Pb and Pb alloys adding Si for explanation of this phenomenon and intended to decide the efficient limit of the Si content contained in Pb. In sequence of report (1), the author described some of the mechanical properties of Pb with added Si, such as tensile strength and others at room temperature. The properties sharply changed with increase of the Si up to 0.035%Si resulting in an improvement of mechanical properties.View full abstractDownload PDF (403K) -
Hiroshi Kitagawa, Yoshito Aimoto1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 3-7
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOur first attempts involved the use of a method of complexing or masking interfering elements, so as to reach the titration stage without filtering, or at the worst with only one filtration before complexometric titration. Procedure for Mg in Al alloys: The sample is decomposed with NaOH, KCN and H2O2. The residue is filtered and are treated with dilute hot H2SO4(5%) to free any entrapped Mg. Then, citric acid,triethanolamine ascorbic acid, NH3 aqua and KCN are added to the solution and Mg+2 in the solution is titrated with complexon (Na2 H2Y) using eriochrom black T(EBT) as indicator at pH 10∼10.5. This method is applicable for 0.1∼10%Mg and the procedure takes 25 minutes. Procedure for Zn in Al alloys: The sample is decomposed with NaOH and hydrazine, and the solution is boiled and filtered. Then, sulphosalicylic acid, triethanolamine and NH3 aqua are added to the filtrate, and Zn+2 is titrated with complexon (Na2H2Y) using EBT as indicator. This method is applicable for 1∼10%Zn and the procedure takes 20 minutes. Procedure for small amounts of Mg in zinc diecast alloys: The sample is decomposed with HCl and HNO3, dried to syrup, and is dissolved with hot water and NaOH, KCN are added and the precipitate of magnesium is filtered. The residue is treated with hot dilute HCl to free any entrapped Mg. Then, ascorbic acid, triethanolamine, NH3 aqua and KCN are added to the solution and Mg+2 is titrated with complexon (Na2 H2Y) using EBT as indicator. The procedure takes 40 minutes.View full abstractDownload PDF (680K) -
Yûnoshin Imai, Masao Izumiyama1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 7-11
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe stabilization of austenite after partial transformation to martensite has been investigated on samples 1% carbon steel containing 0.14% aluminium, 0.04% titanium, 1% nickel and 0.03% tin separately. The stabilization was controled by titanium and aluminium, but not silicon plus manganese, nickel and tin, effectively. From the results obtained, it has been suggested that the stabilization phenomenon is mainly based on the effect of interstitial solute atoms, such as nitrogen. The effective amount of carbon in solution oil the stabilization of retained austenite was not controled by small amounts of additional elements, so the effect of carbon was not determined.View full abstractDownload PDF (700K) -
The Effects of Cold-Working and Annealing on the Fatigue Strength of Some Copper Alloys (4th Report)Katsuzi Takeuchi1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 11-14
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of grain size and zinc content on the notched and unnotched fatigue strength of annealed alpha brasses were studied on rotating-beam fatigue tester. The following results were obtained: (1) The fatigue strength of unnotched specimens depends upon the average grain size and the previously reported experimental equation, is applicable to the relation between the fatigue strength and the grain size for each cycle of alpha brasses. (2) The fatigue strength of unnotched specimen generally increases with zinc content but in the case of increased cycles no appreciable difference can be obtained between yellow brass and cartridge brass. (3) The grain size of specimen has no large effects on the notched fatigue strength. The specimen of finner grain size tends to show lower fatigue strength at 107 cycles than that of coarse grain size. (4) Effect of zinc content on the notched fatigue strength (theoretical stress concentration 3.15) at 108 cycles is not so remarkable as on unnotched specimens and the fatigue strength of notched specimens is slightly increased with their zinc content.View full abstractDownload PDF (517K) -
Sakae Takeuchi, Tsuneo Honma1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 14-18
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the effect of shot-peening on the fatigue characteristics of metals, preliminary fatigue tests by the rotary bending method were carried out on polished and shot-peened materials of pure iron, Si-Mn steel, 17S Al alloy and 4/6 brass, and the results obtained were as follows: (1) The endurance life was prolonged by several times in all the materials and the fatigue strength at 107 cycles was increased by 3∼13% by shot-peening. (2) The fatigue limit was not varied or only slightly increased by repolishing in order to remove the surface roughness after shot-peening. (3) The fatigue limit was reduced by high temperature annealing in order to soften the hardened surface layer after shot-peening and this tendency was the stronger the higher the tensile strength was increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (782K) -
Sakae Takeuchi, Tsuneo Honma1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 18-22
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that the fatigue failure of structural steels is accelerated by the existence of decarburized layer on the surface of materials. In this paper, the effect of shot-peening on the fatigue strength of decarburized Si-Mn spring steels was examined by the rotary bending and the reversed torsional methods. The effect of shot-peening was very striking, and it was observed that the endurance limit at 107 cycles of decarburized steels, which was reduced by about 50% to that in the polished condition on account of the soft layer of only about 0.05 mm in thickness, was increased by 40∼50% in strength as the result of shot-peening on the decarburized layer, and it might be possible to recover the strength in the non-decarburized condition by the increase of peening intensity.View full abstractDownload PDF (697K) -
Kunio Okabayashi, Seizo Saito, Fumitoshi Nakamura1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 22-25
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe results of the wear test of steel on this subject were reported in the previous papers. In this paper,the results of cast iron were reported. The results obtained were summarized as follows: (1) Both in one-way and in reciprocating friction, the wear increases in proportion to the increase of pressure, but is independent of the friction velocity. This tendency is different from the behavior shown by steel. (2) The higher the friction velocity, the smaller the ratio of the increase of wear with the increase of pressure. (3) The critical pressure beyond which heavy wear occurs is generally lower for reciprocating friction than for one-way friction. (4) Consequently, in the range of this experiment, the wear phenomena of cast iron in reciprocating friction may be approximately predicted from the results of wear test of one-way friction.View full abstractDownload PDF (759K) -
Tasaburo Nishioka1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 26-30
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBeim Kaltziehen des Stahldrahtes findet im allgemeinen eine Zunahme der Zugfestigkeit statt, dagegen in besonderen Fällen tritt eine Abnahme auch ein. Nämlich für eine Abnahme der Zugfestigkeit durch Ziehen ist bisher zwei Fällen bekannt, dass heisst, wenn die Temperatur des Drahtes beim Ziehen seine Rekristallisationstemperatur überschritt und wenn der durch Überziehen spröde gewordene Draht durch das Abreissen in der Einspannung beim Zugversuch die wirkliche Zugfestigkeit nicht zeigt. In diesem Artikel untersuchten wir die Einflüsse der chemischen Zusammensetzung, Wärmebehandlung und Ziehbedingung auf die Abnahme der Zugfestigkeit durch Ziehen ausser diesen Fällen. Danach ist es klar geworden, dass die Zugfestigkeit des gezogenen Drahtes durch das Ziehen mit bestimmter Düsenform und einer gewissen geringen Zugabnahme abnimmt und die Dehnung zunimmt. Und je mehr das Kohlenstoffgehalt und je höher die Gesamtzugabnahme in Vorziehen sind, desto mehr hat der Stahldraht diese Neigung. In dieser Untersuchung nahm die Zugfestigkeit des Stahldrahtes durch Ziehen in Maximum 14 kg/mm2 ab. In Bezug auf des Düsenwinkels ist die Zugfestigkeitabnahme durch Ziehen bei 8° die grösste. Beim Verwindeversuch entstehende schlechte Bruchfläche und Risse werden durch Ziehen mit geringer Zugabnahme verbessert. Diese Erscheinungen sind sowohl für Herstellung von Überfestigkeitstahldraht als auch für Kontrolle der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Stahldraht mit niedriger Zugfestigkeit wichtige Sachen.View full abstractDownload PDF (801K) -
Eihachirô Tanaka, Haruo Katô1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 30-33
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present experiments the cause of the inferiority of magnetic property of ultrathin tapes of the thickness up to 0.01 mm of 50%Fe-Ni alloy was investigated. It was found that the decrease in rectangularity of the hysteresis loop and the increase in coercive force for ultrathin tapes are closely connected with the inferiority of the preferred orientation (001)⟨100⟩, and in the same cold rolling degree the sharpness of texture decreases with the reduction of thickness.View full abstractDownload PDF (532K) -
Minoru Yohda1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 33-35
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn cupola operation, it is generally believed that the bed coke is fills the furnace, and the molten metal filled the gaps in the bed coke. Therefore the coke has influence upon the metal, and the carbon or the sulphur content of the metal is increased by the contact with the coke in the well; so that the depth of the well is believed to have influence on the components of the metal. But the author noticed that as the molten metal stayed in the well, the bed coke came gradually to float up on the metal and the slag; and three layers were formed in the furnace, that is, of molten metal, at the bottom, then slag, and bed coke. Therefore the chemical reaction in the well should be considered as similar to that in a pan-typed furnace, i.e. the reaction between the molten metal and the slag layer, rather than that between the molten metal and the coke.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
Yoshimi Tanabe, Nobujiro Takamoto1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 36-40
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith an electron microscope, the present authors have studied the behaviour of precipitates in the case of aging of 0.08%C steel at 70°. In the age-hardening curve, two steps were observed. The first step appeared between 30 min and the 1 hr aging and the second step (peak) was observed in the sample aged for 4 hr. From this experimental results and electron microscopic observations, the authors have concluded as follows: (1) The precipitation phenomenon began from the first step and the rise of hardness before the 30 min aging might be due to the G.P.zone. (2) In the first period of precipitation, the precipitates appeared comparatively more along the grain boundary, but in the samples of more than 2 hr aging, the precipitates did not appear especially along the grain boundary. (3) The precipitates of about 130∼200 Å had a disk-like shape and those greater than about 200 Å were spherical. The latter grew to platlets of various shape (in size of about 1000 Å or more). (4) The precipitates were thought to consist of iron carbide. (5) The size of the precipitates was not determined by the aging time alone. That is, each specimen contained precipitates of various size. (6) In the sample aged for 5545 hrs, the disk-like precipitates of about 200 Å formed at the early period were still observable.View full abstractDownload PDF (1189K) -
Masashige Koyama1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 40-43
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSubstructures termed “corrugations” and “striations” by Chalmers et al., were studied microscopically with single crystals of tin of the purity of 99.87% grown from the melt at the temperature gradient of 13°C/cm, in which the [001] direction was parallel to the specimen axis. Further examination was carried out with respect to the specimens grown in the direction inclined from [100] to [001] direction, fixing the [010] direction, at the angle of 30, 60, 90 degrees respectively. In the case of [001] direction, corrugations were always parallel to the specimen axis, but wavy corrugations were observed at a lowering speed over 0.5 mm/min. On the free top surface of the specimens grown in the [101] direction, the step structure (growth pattern) of a few micron high similar to that recently reported by Elbaum et al., was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (748K) -
Masashige Koyama1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 43-46
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA “banding” structure perpendicular to the growth direction was observed on the side surface of the specimen etched electrolytically, whose growth speeds were lower than 1 mm/min. It seems that this abnormal structure is related to the temperature variation of the electric furnace, because this structure cannot be observed when a battery is used as the source of the furnace current. The value of 0.5×10−6 cm2/sec as an approximate diffusion constant of antimony in the liquid tin was obtained by using the theoretical equation induced by Tiller et al. with respect to the curve of the impurity segregation ahead of the solid-liquid interface.View full abstractDownload PDF (733K) -
Tadao Sano1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 46-50
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing three kinds of 99%, 99.99%, 99.999%Zn which were solidified applying hydrostatic pressure up to 1960 kg/cm2, the difference in the grain-growth caused by heating after solidification and in the secondary recrystallization of the same solidified specimens when cold-rolled was studied as compared with the past data. The results were as follows: (1) In the case of zinc too, the grains after solidification became larger with increasing pressure during solidification. The subgrains became smaller and were regularly arranged. It was found that this was caused by applying pressure during solidification. (2) When the specimen which had been solidified under hydrostatic pressure was heated, the grain-growth occurred at two stages. This tendency could be observed most evidently in the case of 99.99%Zn. The first stage occurred by heating up to about 350°. The higher the pressure and the longer the heating-time, the fast or was grain growth in this case. The growth of the second stage caused by heating above 350° occurred suddenly and was hardly affected by pressure or heating time. (3) When specimens which had been solidified under hydrostatic pressure were cold-rolled to the extent of 10 to 80 pct and then heated,the secondary recrystallization temperature rose to higher temperature and the crystal grains after the secondary recrystallization were very small. There are some differences in the effect caused by pressure and there was a point of maximum effect in the strength of pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (665K) -
Kazuyoshi Nishino, Tomo-o Sato1958 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 50-53
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCold-worked α brass shows marked Bauschinger and anelastic effects resulting from the preferential migration of vacancies, which are numerously created during cold working and exhibit an anisotropic distribution depending on the working condition. These effects become conspicuously marked at the point where cross-slipping would be expected in the course of deformation,and these are removed in two stages at the temperature ranges of anneal hardening. It may be presumed that the anneal hardening is introduced by the removal of these effects, in other words, by the disappearance and stabilization of vacancies.View full abstractDownload PDF (560K)
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