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Volume 22, Issue 4
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Osamu Izumi, Tadatsugu Yoshiki1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 155-157
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe grain behaviour of 70/30 brass plate at high temperature was investigated by means of the rapid-heating method, the applicability of which for controling the grain-size being also considered. It was observed that the effects of impurities, rolling reduction and ready-to-finish grain size were much reduced than in the case of the ordinary batch- annealing method at lower temperature. The non-uniform mixed grain size, sometimes observable at lower temperature, could be avoided, and scale formation by oxidation was comparatively slight. However, it should be noted that the material, slightly cold-rolled, showed a grain growth without any recrystallizing nucleation.View full abstractDownload PDF (576K) -
Osamu Izumi, Tadatsugu Yoshiki, Takayoshi Monma1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 158-161
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe secular change after cold-working and anneal-hardening of cold-rolled 70/30 brass was measured by hardness and spring tests. A change at room temperature after cold-working was observed, especially in the high reduction specimens, consisting in an increase in hardness and a decrease in bending deflection. As in the previous work on 60/40 brass(1), the change after anneal-hardening of 70/30 brass was influenced by the length of time from final cold-rolling to heat-treatment, and also by the heat-treating time of anneal-hardening. The longer the times, in general, the less the change. Heat-treatment was carried out at 200°C for 15 min∼3 hrs after the specimens had been allowed to remain at 40°C for various durations following the final cold-rolling.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Fumio Hirama, Noboru Watanabe1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 161-165
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe corrosion rates of lead and lead antimony alloys in H2SO4, H2SO4+(NH4)2SO4 solution, H2SO4-HNO3 mixed acid, HCl, H3PO4 and H3PO4-H2SO4 mixed acid, have been studied. (1) Under 100°C, there is no difference between Pb and Pb-Sb alloys in H2SO4 resistivity. At b. p., Pb and Pb-Sb alloys were corroded by concentrated H2SO4 over 60 and 70% respectively. (2) Pb-Sb alloys containing more than 2%Sb showed high resistance to H2SO4+(NH4)2SO4 solution which corrodes pure lead severely. (3) Lead showed sufficient resistance in H2SO4-HNO3 mixed acid at 100°C, but the Pb-Sb alloys are inferior to pure lead in this respect. (4) In HCl of concentration under 5%, Pb and Pb-Sb alloys are corrosion-resistant at 80°C. (5) At 100°, Pb and Pb-Sb alloys were corroded by concentrated H3PO4 over 60%. But they showed corrosion resistance in H3PO4-H2SO4 mixed acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (622K) -
Masataka Sugiyama, Hisasi Suzuki, Takasi Furukawa1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 165-168
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA fundamental study on atomization of lead and aluminium was carried out, using an atomizer of vertical type. The effects of the air pressure, the molten metal temperature, the protrusion of nozzle, the molten metal head etc. on the particle size distribution, the rate of atomization, the powder shape and the pressure change in front of the nozzle tip were investigated in detail.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
Sadao Koshiba, Tuneo Kuno1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 169-173
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSamples of heat-resistant Nimonic 80A, S816 alloys and 13%Cr stainless steel were melted in vacuum, and their various properties were compared with specimens melted in open air. By vacuum melting of 13%-Cr stainless steel, the gas contents and nonmetallic inclusions in steel were much decreased, and the mechanical properties at elevated temperature were improved. Particularly, the corrosion resistance, which is one of the most important properties for stainless steel, was remarkably improved by vacuum melting. Likely in the case of Nimonic 80A, S816, the gas contents and nonmetallic inclusions were eliminated by vacuum melting. Furthermore, the workability and the mechanical properties at elevated temperature, the rupture strength and the oxidation resistance were improved. These results showed that meritorious effects can be brought about by application of the vacuum melting method.View full abstractDownload PDF (708K) -
Masazô Okamoto, Ryôhei Tanaka1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 173-176
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe deterioration resistance of three marquenching oils (one imported and two home products), were compared by measuring their various physical properties and cooling ability. These measurements were carried out on fresh and deteriorated samples under the exactly same conditions by an electric-resistance heater immersed in each. In the measurement of the cooling ability a carbon tool steel and a bearing steel were used as specimens, and after the marquenching, the depth of hardening in constant size specimens and the critical diameter in variable size specimens were determined. It was found that, among these oils, one of the home products is superior to others in cooling ability and particularly in stability against deterioration.View full abstractDownload PDF (556K) -
Takurô Saga, \={O}mi Miyakawa1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 177-180
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present paper the behavior of the outer Al-layer of Al-coated steel heated in different heating rate was studied. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Since a thick Al-layer is liable to flake with an increase of heating time at temperature only a little below the melting point of Al, the allowable thickness of Al-layer should be less than about 20 μ. (2) If the heating rate at temperature ranging from about 500°C to the melting point of Al is sufficiently high (about 15°C/min or above), the uniform diffusion of Al-layer produces a smooth alloy layer. In this case, the increment of thickness of the alloy layer is about 70% of the thickness of the Al-layer. (3) The lower heating rate in the above mentioned range of temperature produces the aggregation of the Al-layer and a thick layer shows undesirable results. (4) When the heating is slow, a thick Al-layer (more than about 30 μ is not particularly helpful to the resistance to oxidation of such steel and if the heating rate is lower than about 4°C/min a flaking of the aggregated Al-layer occures instead of diffusion.View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
Kichinosuke Hirokawa1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 181-185
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method of differential spectrophotometirc determination of copper in copper alloys was investigated. After the influences of acids, the concentration of reference solution and other conditions were discussed, the following procedure was proposed. The sample was dissolved in hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and evaporated graduately to dryness. After dissoltuion of it with hydrochloric acid (1+1) to a definite volume, the absorption of the sample solution was measured at 950 mμ, against the reference solution which contained an accurately known quantity of copper, and the copper content of the sample was determined by use of a calibration curve. The commonly existing metals in copper alloys, tin, zinc and aluminum in concentration up to 35 per cent do not interfere in the determination. Similarly nickel in concentration up to 25 per cent, iron, chromium and manganese up to about 10 per cent do not interfere with the measurement.View full abstractDownload PDF (717K) -
Hidehiro Gotô, Shigerô Ikeda, Jin Kimura1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 185-187
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, a microquantity of calcium has come to be contained in nodular cast iron. It is very difficult and time-consuming to determine it in such cast iron by the usual chemical methods. In this research, therefore, the flame spectrophotometric method was applied for the determination of calcium, after the separation of iron as chloride by the extraction with amyl acetate. The emission intensity of calcium spectrum was measured at 554 mμ and calcium was determined either by applying the calibration curve or by addition method. A calcium content of more than 0.01% in cast iron was determined rapidly by this method. with good reproducibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
Eiji Miyoshi1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 187-192
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe wear tester was made by ourselves. Two cylindrical test pieces were subjected to friction in their flat planes. In preliminary test it was shown that there are eight kinds of surface appearances, and that the wear states change from the one to the other in the process. The effects of frictional speed on the wear at high temperature were studied. The following steels were employed for the test: carbon steel, high chromium ferrite steel, 18-8 stainless steel, piercer plug steel (used for the piercing tool of Stiefel-Mannesmann tube making machine) and hot working tool steel. As the testing condition, 6 speeds ranging from 0.07 m/sec to 1.19 m/sec and vertical load of 10 kg were adopted. There are 3 types of wear. The first is shown in carbon steel and other tool steels, the second in high chromium steel and the last in austenite steel. In the first we recognize the minimum wear at 400∼500°C and 0.20∼0.34 m/sec and the maximum at higher or lower temperature. In the second, at high speed and at high temperature, galling and seizing occur. The minimum occurs at 400∼500°C at all speeds. In the last, at lower speed and at high temperature galling and seizing occur. The minimum occurs at high speed. The oxide layer were studied both by the micro-structure and X-ray method. In the carbon steel, the minimum wear range has the 2 layers of oxides Fe3O4 and Fe2O3. Under severe conditions, a brittle FeO oxide layer is produced beside them. In the other two high chromium steel, the oxide layer consists of 3 types of oxides. These oxides are always tightly attached to the surface of the test pieces at high temperature. The surface state and wear are closely related to these oxide layer.View full abstractDownload PDF (978K) -
Eiji Miyoshi1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 192-195
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of both the frictional speed and the surface load on the wear at high temperature were studied. Carbon steel, high chromium ferrite steel and 18-8 stainless steel sample were employed. These were the ones which showed typical aspects of wear in my previous experiments. With carbon steel, the minimum of wear loss appears under the same condition in all the tested surface load. But with high chromium steel and 18-8 stainless steel, the minimum appears at higher speed and the temperature at which the minimum appears decreases with the increasing load. Seizing and galling at high temperature occur at lower speed on 18-8 stainless steel and at all speed on high chromium steel; especially the latter suffers under higher load. These seizing and galling are ascribed to the lesser oxidation. The results are discussed from the view point of its strength and the oxidation and are explained under certain assumption.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
Genjiro Mima, Yoshio Kuranuki1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 196-199
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interface tension of Sn-Pb alloys in ZnCl2 flux was measured by the drop weight method in the temperature range of 350∼500°C. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) A linear relation exists between the interface tension and temperature. (2) The interface tension is lower by about 100 (in Pb)∼200 (in Sn) dynes/cm than the surface tension, and the absolute values to temperature coefficient of interface tension become 1.3 (in Pb)∼2.0 (in Sn) times as large as that of the surface tension. (3) On the Sn side, the interface tension of the alloys decrease abruptly with the additional quantity of Pb, for Pb is the surface-active substance to Sn. On the other hand, on the Pb side, the interface tension becomes higher to correspond with the change of the activity. (4) The adsorption heat of Pb to the alloy surface is about 6∼7 kcal/mol.View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
Ichiro Fukumoto1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 199-203
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs to alloy white cast irons containing Ni or Cr or both elements cast in various moulds, the cast structures, and dilatometric change in heating and cooling have been observed. C.C.T. curves and T.T.T. curves of these alloys have been measured by dilatometric and microscopic methods. The concentration of Ni or Cr in austenite grains has been calculated by chemical analysis of the alloying element in cementite of cast irons, isolated by electrolitic method. The result obtained can be summarized as follows: (1) Proeutectoid cementite, whose precipitation is observed by the contraction of specimen at high temperature, is not completely precipitated, when the Ni or Cr content of the alloy is sufficiently high, or the specimen is cast in iron or sand mould. (2) The concentration of Ni or Cr in austenite grains depends upon the freezing rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Katsumi Okada, Yoshiro Minato1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 204-207
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments described in this paper were designed to investigate the relation between the banding behavior reported in the 1st Report and the tilt or rotation of the crystal lattice. In the 1st report, the authors noted that the cell boundaries depend on the crystal orientationt. In these experiments, Laue X-ray photographs were taken of the typical specimens, and the tile axes of cell boundaries, and the rotation axes of the bend planes were analyzed. The tilt axi is defined by analyzing the curved line to connect the splitted spots in X-ray patterns. These fragmented spots correspond to cell-formation. The rotation axis is also defined with asterism of Laue spots. Asterism correspond to bend plane or the domain piled up of dislocations. From the analysis of the tilt and rotation axes, it was found that the cell-formation is particularly associated with the inhomogeneous multiple bending due to the mutual polygonization of the crystals started by the slip mechanism depending on their initial orientation, and is not formed directly from original crystals independent of the active slip system.View full abstractDownload PDF (618K) -
Hiroyasu Mitani, Norihiko Nakanishi1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 208-212
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have studied the martensite transformation of Cu-Al binary alloys which contained 12, 18%Al. From the results of our experiment, we found that there were two types of β′ transformed from β by martensitic way when β was cooled with different velocities. The one type occurred when the Vc (cooling velocity) became greater than 500°C/min, and a large expansion appeared at about 320°C on the cooling dilatation curve. Then it was thought that the martensite transformation took place at 320°C, and we could recognize the needle-like martensitic structure by microscopic observation. On the other hand, the another type occurred at the condition of 500°C/min>Vc>15°C min, and in this case, a contraction appeared at about 280°C on the cooling dilatation curve. By microscopic observation of this specimen we could not find the so-called martensitic feature, but nevertheless it seems sure that the β′ of this type had some martensitic properties, judging from the experimental results of thermal dilatation and electric resistance about it.View full abstractDownload PDF (823K) -
Namio Ohtani1958 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 212-216
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe electrochemical properties, especially the anodic polarization and the hydrogen overpotential of intermetallic compounds were measured and it was shown that the anodic polarization was nearly about the mathematical mean of those of the two components in many compounds, but the larger the difference of electronegativities of the components and the higher the melting point of the compound the smaller the hydrogen overpotential of the compound. By examining the relation among the corrosion rate, the anodic polarization and the hydrogen overpotential in various alloys in which compounds are formed, it was also shown that this relation agrees fairly with the results in previous reports.View full abstractDownload PDF (569K)
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