All issues
Volume 20, Issue 4
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Tasaburo Nishioka1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 181-184
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiese Untersuchung hat über den Einfluss des Gefüges auf den trichterförmigen Bruch in Stahldraht eine Erklärung abgegeben. Die Ergebnissen dieser Untersuchung sind wie folgt: (1) Die Grenzzugabnahme beim Auftreten des trichterförmigen Bruches kann sehr streng gefunden werden. (2) Trichterförmige Brüche treten beim ungleichförmigen, wenig bildsamen Gefüge leicht auf. Nämlich in streifigem Perlit, je grösser der Lamellenabstand des Zementit wird, desto leichter treten sie auf. Es ist schwierig, in geglühtem Draht wegen des gleichmässigen, bildsamen Gefüges und in bleipatentiertem Draht wegen des gleichmässigen zähigen Sorbit, den Bruch aufzubringen. (3) Trichterförmige Brüche treten mit zunehmender Düsenwinkel und C-gehalt leichter auf. Besonders bleipatentierte Drähte werden durch diese Faktoren erheblich beeinflusst. (4) Der Draht mit durch Ziehen ungleichförmig fliessend gewordenem Gefüge hat die Neigung, trichterförmige Brüche zu erleiden.View full abstractDownload PDF (819K) -
Takuro Saga, Ohmi Miyakawa1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 184-188
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is to report on a study of crack formation in the alloy layer of aluminium-coated steel plate manufactured by the hot dipping process during cooling. The effects of cracks on the heat resistant property of this material are also investigated. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The extent of cracks in the alloy layer by thermal stress during cooling is affected mostly by the cooling rate. The more rapid the cooling, the greater the cracks. (2) The thinner the alloy layer, the greater the cracks. However, when the alloy layer is thinner than about 50μ, the extent of cracks decreases slightly. (3) The thicker the outer aluminium layer, the less the cracks. (4) The heat resistant property is affected largely by the extent of cracks. The less the cracks, the better the heat resistant property. (5) As it is considered that the crack formation in the alloy layer is mostly due to thermal stress, the equation (1) explains the phenomenon fairly well.View full abstractDownload PDF (864K) -
Isao Tanabe, Hiroshi Saito, Taichi Nishida, Kenichi Kosaka1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 188-191
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was carried out on the relation between the “apparent equilibrium constant” and the composition of slags upon the reaction, 2Mn+SiO2\ ightleftarrows2MnO+Si, in Fe-Mn metallurgy as follows. H-C-Mn of gradually varied Si contents and sulpherless synthetic Fe-Mn slags of gradually varied basicity were used and kept melting for the required time in a graphite crucible in a Tammann electric furnace and then “apparent equilibrium constant” was calculated from the results of the analysis. (1) MgO played the part of basic components as well as CaO. Therefore, in calculating the basicity of the slags, MgO must be added to CaO by moleexchanging. (2) Al2O3 could be regarded the as neutral component in the above conditions. (3) The relation between the “apparent equilibrium constant”, KMn-Sia=(ΣMn)\sqrt[Si]⁄[Mn], and the slags composition was nearly represented by the following equation at 1510°. The concentrations expressed by weight %. logK_Mn-Si^a=-1.257(CaO+1.39MgO)/SiO_2+0.694View full abstractDownload PDF (665K) -
Nobuteru Awa1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 192-195
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiagram of Fundamentals in Current Efficiency and Bath Voltage. Systematic experiments on the current efficiency in a dilute copper cyanide plating solution produced the following results: (1) The current efficiency at the anode was of such high values as about 95% at the bath voltages lower than 2 V. The current efficiency at the cathode was 60∼80% in the vicinity of 0.7 V and became about 50% at 1∼3 V. (2) The two current efficiencies given above fell on the same value at 2.0∼2.2 V with a 100% plating degree. (3) The curve of the current efficiency versus the bath voltage showed little variation with change of liquid temperatures.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
Kazuo Nakazawa1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 195-198
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLedeburitic die steel containing 2.55% carbon, 11.8% chromium, 0.65% tungsten has been subjected to isothermal transformation studies in order to illustrate how the transformation characteristics are altered by maximum heating temperature. The data obtained by the use of microscopic, hardness and dilatometric tests for three austenitizing temperatures at 900°, 970° and 1050° for 10 minutes, have been brought together in the form of a TTT-diagram. In this work the influence of undissolved carbides on the transformation was mainly investigated. The pearlite transformation is enhanced by the nucleation of undissolved carbides, but the bainite is not. Consequently, in the pearlite reaction, the retardation effect of alloying elements in the austenite does not appear in all cases. On the other hand, in the bainite reaction, as the austenitizing temperature is higher, the remarkable retardation of transformation attributed to the enrichment of carbon and alloy contents in the austenite occurs and moreover the temperature range of bainite formation becomes smaller. As the austenitizing temperature is higher, the Ms point becomes lower and it has the values of 210° at 900°, 170° at 970° and 70° at 1050°.View full abstractDownload PDF (806K) -
Tokushichi Mishima, Kyôji Tachikawa1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 198-202
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe magnetic properties of Co-Fe-Cr-V, Co-Fe-Cr, and Fe-Ni-Cr alloys, which can be severely cold-worked, were investigated. The coercive force of aged Co-Fe-Cr alloys is low compared with Co-Fe-V alloys, and the magnetic properties of Co-Fe-Cr-V alloys lie between those of Co-Fe-V alloys and Co-Fe-Cr alloys (See Table I). In Fe-Ni-Cr system, the highest coercive force and energy product is attained at the composition of 15% Ni, 13% Cr, 72% Fe and 12% Ni, 13% Cr, 75% Fe respectively. (See Figs. 3). The dependency of the magnetic properties of these alloys upon cold work and aging is the same for all of them because they have γ\ ightleftarrowsα transformation. During cold work, the γ→α transformation causes remarkable increase of flux density, and severe cold work results in the appearance of the magnetic anisotropy especially in Br. When these alloys are aged at above 500°, the coercive force increases owing to the dispersion of non-magnetic γ-phase in ferromagnetic α-phase, and it reaches the maximum after the transformation of 15∼50% of α-phase into γ-phase. The hardness decreases by the α→γ transformation, so the hardness has no relation with the coercive force. A slight cold work after aging results in an extreme increase in the coercive force of these alloys and in the increase of magnetic anisotropy, especially in the coercive force.View full abstractDownload PDF (776K) -
Takuichi Morinaga, Shigeo Muromachi, Shigenori Hori1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 202-205
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently some researchers pointed out that the conditions of slab-making affected the directionality in a finished sheet. We carried out the present research on the assumption that the final annealing may be effective in controlling the directionality, choosing an adequate reduction in hot and cold rolling. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The effect of the slabs cast individually by means of the book-mold and continuous type on the directionality of a finished sheet is not remarkable compared with the other conditions. (2) Sheets rolled one-way to the casting direction of the book-mold type slabs showed more directionality than the crosswise-rolled sheets. (3) The crosswise-rolled sheets restrained from of earing the increase in a direction of 45°, in spite of the increased total sum of cold reduction. But further research is needed to explain above phenomena crystallographically.View full abstractDownload PDF (534K) -
Yoshishige Tsumura1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 205-209
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAl-Si binary alloys containing 6 to 16% of silicon have been solidified from the melt with four different rates of cooling. Leaching the alloys thus obtained with hydrochloric acid, the silicon crystals existing in each alloy have been extracted and subjected to the sieve-test. In a similar way, the effect of the addition of the third alloying elements on the size of silicon in the Al-12% Si alloys have been studied. The quantitative results thus obtained are summarised in Table 2 and 3 and the distribution of the size of silicon in the alloys relating to their compositions may be seen from Fig. 2 and 3.View full abstractDownload PDF (981K) -
Hidehiro Gotô, Yachiyo Kakita1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 210-212
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study was made to apply the electrolytic deposition of lead as lead dioxide for the determination of it in iron and steel. In the presence of iron, the total volume of sample solution was made up to 150 mL per 1 g of iron and the volume of the added HNO3 (Sp. gr. 1.42) was 50∼80 mL per 750 mL of the electrolyte and the electrolysis was performed by controlling the current to 0.6∼0.7 A in about six hours. The influences of some diverse ions were also investigated and then the suitable procedure for the routine analysis of iron and steel was established.View full abstractDownload PDF (427K) -
Hidehiro Gotô, Shurô Takeyama1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 212-216
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been difficult to separate these elements completely from titanium. In the present research, the separation was attempted by extracting titanium thiocyanate with ethyl ether and successful results were obtained. After the separation, photometric methods were adopted for the determination of the elements as follows: calcium using chlorophenol-azo-dioxynaphthalin-disulfonate, magnesium with titan yellow and aluminium by extracting its oxinate.View full abstractDownload PDF (678K) -
Shikao Hashimoto, Sakae Katô1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 216-220
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeparation: On boiling a buffered acetic acid-acetate solution (at pH 3 to 6) of titanium containing minute amounts of magnesium with addition of sodium thiosulfate, titanium precipitated completely in a meta-state. Thus, magnesium could be quantitatively separated from titanium. Determination: In order to determine the quantity magnesium, the applicability of photometric method such as Oxin-Fe++, Oxin-sulfanilic NaNO2 and Mg-titan yellow was investigated by means of a spectrophotomer. These methods were found to be useful in the determination of magnesium in titanium metals with successful results.View full abstractDownload PDF (766K) -
Shosuke Imoto, Genjiro Mima1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 221-224
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbsorption rate of hydrogen by copper specimens containing 0.25% and 1.0% oxygen, respectively, at various temperatures (350∼700°C) were measured. In 0.25% oxygen copper specimens, the amount of absorbed hydrogen increased with time rather linearly than quadratically, especially at higher temperatures. The relation between the logarithm of the initial rate and the reciprocal of absolute temperature was almost linear and the activation energy was deemed to be 18 kcal/mol, which was near the activation energy of diffusion of hydrogen in thin copper plate. The rate-determining step of absorption is looked upon as the diffusion of hydrogen, and it is supposed that grains of cuprous oxide are only reduced by interaction with hydrogen which have reached there. The topochemical aspect of the reduction was normal, namely, the boundary between the reduced part and the unreduced part was parallel to the surface. In 1.0% oxygen copper specimens, irregularlly reduced parts were observed in much deeper places besides the normally topochemically reduced parts. At those abnormally reduced parts the absorption of hydrogen was supposed to have been done very quickly.View full abstractDownload PDF (834K) -
Hiroshi Asada, Kichizo Koike1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 224-228
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe orientation of recrystallized grains in the deformed single crystal of aluminium was investigated, and the following results were obtained: (1) There are two types of the formation of grain; one has definite-oriented grains, while the other has random-oriented grains. (2) The formation of grains having a definite orientation is affected by the initial orientation of the crystal before deformation, the degree of strain, the position of nucleation, etc. (3) The relation between the definite oriented recrystallized grains and the orientation of the parent crystal can be considered as the rotation upon the common axis [111], which concides with the pole of the latent slip plane with the smallest angle of inclination to the stress axis. As a rule, the magnitude of rotation is distributed between about 20 and 40 degrees. (4) To explain the experimental results above mentioned, a few lines of theory are pointed out as follows: (a) The reasonable mechanism for producing a preferred orientation should be “oriented nucleation”, and the orientation of nuclei may be controled by the type of deformation. (b) The latent slip system may have some more important effects rather than the active slip system for the formation of the definite-orientated nuclei. (c) The “low energy block hypothesis” to the effect that “a nearly perfect arrangement of atoms existing in the latent slip plane has a preferential action for the formation of definite-orientated nuclei” may be considered as right.View full abstractDownload PDF (752K) -
Kenjiro Okawara1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 228-232
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSingle crystals in nearly (111), (100) and (110) orientation were cold-rolled by 50, 75 and 90% and were annealed to produce both primary and secondary recrystallization structures. A detailed study of the change in grain size and in orientation was made using light figure, etch pit and X-ray method. When (111) specimens were cold-rolled by 75% and annealed for 60 min at 300°, the primary recrystallization produced a fine-grained structure with a high percentage of primaries in one prefered orientation, and when annealed for 2 hrs more at 600°, relatively large primary grains in orientations deviating markedly from the primary recrystallization texture grew into secondary grains having specific preferred orientations. On the other hand, when (111) specimens were annealed for 2 hrs at 600° directly after being cold-rolled by 75%, the secondary of the same orientation as the matrix were very often found and this phenomenon seems to mean that low-energy polygonized grain grow rapidly into secondary at the expense of the adjacent strained grains. Therefore, not only the grain boundary energy but also the internal strain energy seems to play an important role for the secondary recrystallization.View full abstractDownload PDF (886K) -
Kenjiro Okawara1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 232-234
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSingle crystals of Al in nearly (111), (110) and (100) orientation were cold-rolled by 5, 10 and 15% and the slip band formed on the side surface of the specimen was observed and analysed. The residual shear stress diagram, on the other hand, was calculated regarding the rolling process consisting of extension parallel to the rolling direction and the compression normal to the rolling plane and was compared with the experimental results. The following results were obtained: (1) In the early stage of rolling, slip occurs approximately on the maximum resolved shear stress. (2) On the surface of (111) and (110) specimens, triple slip appeared already by 5% cold-rolling, but on (100) specimens, on the contrary, double slip has been observed even by 15% cold-rolling, (3) comparing the maximum shear stress of (111), (110) and (100) orientation, it was roughly calculated (111)<(110)<(100) and moreover the number of active slip planes of the (100) specimen was the least, therefore it seems that the (100) specimen glidesmost easily and its hardness is the lowest. By the above-mentioned experimental work it has been found that the deformation mechanism differs according to the orientation of a single crystal, and this difference seems to exert influence on the cold-rolled structure and on primary and secondary textures.View full abstractDownload PDF (578K) -
M. Kato, S. Nishikawa, K. Suyama1956 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 234-238
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe so-colled anneal-hardening in the primary solid solution of Cu-Al system was investigated with particular reference to the grain size. Different results were obtained in the cases of poly-crystalline and single-crystalline states, as follows:
[(1)] In poly-crystalline sheet materials, whose chemical compositions ranged between 0.4% Al and 7.7% Al, the most effective factors on the anneal-hardening of this system were the annealing temperature and the reduction degree while the effect of Al content was of little or neglible importance. Furthermore, it was found that the increment in hardness by such treatments decreases as the grain size increases, as was apparently observed in 7.7% Al alloy samples. [(2)] Similar experiments were carried out with two single-crystalline 7% Al alloy samples having different orientations respectively. They were cut in a disk shape, deformed under compression by various cold reduction degree and subsequently subjected to anneal-hardening treatment at various temperatures. In this case, however, no increase in hardness was observed, irrespective of temperature and cold reduction degree.
According to the results above mentioned, it may be concluded that the phenomenon of anneal-hardening in this alloy system is due to some conditions characteristic to the poly-crystalline state.View full abstractDownload PDF (721K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|