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Volume 46, Issue 6
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Masao Yakushiji, Yoshiyuki Kondo, Kiyoshi Kamei1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 571-577
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Ti-Ni-Cu ternary alloys containing Ti more than 55% were examined by means of optical microscopy, melting point measurements, X-ray diffraction analysis, micro probe analysis and differential thermal analysis to clarify the phase equilibria in the Ti-rich region of Ti-Ni-Cu system. Results obtained are as follows:
(1) The mono-variant eutectic line represented by L\ ightleftharpoonsβ+Ti2Ni and the mono-variant peritectic line represented by L+β\ ightleftharpoonsTi2Cu meet in the vicinity of Ti56%-Ni8%-Cu36%, and the invariant peritecto-eutectic reaction L+β\ ightleftharpoonsTi2Ni+Ti2Cu occurs.
(2) The compositions of β, Ti2Ni and Ti2Cu participating in this invariant reaction are Ti82%-Ni8%-Cu10%, Ti62%-Ni31%-Cu7% and Ti61%-Ni1%-Cu38%, respectively.
(3) There is little change in the compositions of Ti2Ni and Ti2Cu phases as the temperature decreases.
(4) The β phase changes its composition with decreasing temperature to the point in the vicinity of Ti93%-Ni5%-Cu2%, and decomposes by the ternary eutectoid reaction β\ ightleftharpoonsα+Ti2Ni+Ti2Cu occurring at about 1011 K.View full abstractDownload PDF (806K) -
Mitsuhiro Hasebe, Kei Oikawa, Taiji Nishizawa1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 577-583
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThermodynamic analysis and synthesis of phase diagrams of Co-Cr and Co-Mn systems were performed by computer calculation. Special cares were taken to the fact that the magnetic transition of Co has a substantial effect on phase equilibria. The parameters for describing the free energy of individual phases were evaluated as relatively simple functions of both temperature and composition. Calculated phase diagrams as well as thermodynamic properties are in good agreement with the experimental ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (464K) -
Mitsuhiro Hasebe, Kei Oikawa, Taiji Nishizawa1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 584-590
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhase equilibria in the Co-Cu-Mn and Co-Cu-Ni systems at temperatures between 1150 and 1550 K were studied by using a ternary diffusion couple technique, which enabled us to get much information over a wide range of composition from a few specimens.
Computer calculations based on the thermodynamics were carried out on the data on the ternary and the binary systems, and the isothermal phase diagrams at temperatures between 850 and 1700 K were synthesized.View full abstractDownload PDF (427K) -
Sumiko Sanuki, Toshio Izaki, Hiroshi Majima1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 591-597
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe extraction of Zn2+ from aqueous perchlorate solution (1×10−4−2.5×10−2 kmol·m−3Zn2+) was studied by using benzene solution containing 1×10−3−3 kmol·m−3 Versatic Acid 10. The extracted species in equilibrated organic phase were identified as ZnR2 4 RH and (ZnR2)2, in which RH represents Versatic Acid 10. The apparent equilibrium constants of those extractions were determined to be 1.5×10−11 and 5.1×10−20, respectively.
Under the experimental conditions of high concentrations of Zn2+ in an aqueous phase and low concentrations of Versatic Acid 10 in an organic phase, however, the distribution ratio of Zn2+ was increased, which suggested the formation of different species.
The decrease in the distribution ratio of Zn2+ observed at low concentration of both Zn2+ and Versatic Acid 10 seems to be caused by the increase in solubility of Versatic Acid 10 into an aqueous phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (528K) -
Sumiko Sanuki, Toshio Izaki, Hiroshi Majima1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 597-603
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe iron removal from a leach solution is one of the fundamental purification processes and it must be contained inevitably in many hydrometallurgical processes. However, some difficulties are experienced when other heavy metal ions co-exist.
This paper is concerned with the applicability of the solvent exchange extraction method (SEXM) for the selective extraction of Fe3+ from the aqueous solution containing Fe3+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ with Cu-salt of Versatic Acid 10.
Resalts obtained are as follows:
(1) Ferric ions can be effectively removed from solutions containing Fe3+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ by using SEXM with Cu-salt of Versatic Acid 10 as an extractant.
(2) The amount of Cu-salt of Versatic Acid 10 required for a complete removal of Fe3+ is greatly affected by initial pH and Fe3+ concentration of aqueous solutions.
(3) The addition of excess amount of Cu-salt of Versatic Acid 10 causes the remaining of Cu2+ and the extraction of Pb2+ in an organic phase.
(4) The stripping rate of Fe3+ from an organic phase is very slow compared with that of Cu2+, and thus the improvement of a stripping rate of Fe3+ may be extremely important in the application of this method to industrial processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
Takeshi Kobayashi, Kunikazu Ide, Emiko Sudo1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 603-608
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGraphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry has been established for the determination of trace of tin in the acid solutions and chips of iron and steels.
In the solution method, samples were dissolved in such acids as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid. Phosphoric acid was added to the solutions and the concentration of phosphoric acid was adjusted to 0.2 kmol/m3. Twenty μL of the solutions was pipetted into the graphite furnace. After the drying and ashing (773 K-30 s) steps, tin was atomized (2773 K-4 s). The detection limit of tin by the solution method was 0.2 ppm in the sample. Relative standard deviation was within 3% at 60 ppm tin level.
In the solid method, tin was directly atomized from the chip at 2873 K for 20 s. The standard solutions of tin were used for the calibration. The detection limit of tin by the solid method was 0.1 ppm. Relative standard deviation was about 15% at 60 ppm tin level.View full abstractDownload PDF (500K) -
Satoru Taguchi, Katsuro Kuroki, Toshiya Wada, Kenzo Iwayama1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 609-615
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrain orientation is an extremely important variable that affects the permeability. Improved orientation results in the greater permeability which in turn lowers the core loss. Recent developments have made it possible to produce greater permeability material.
In the case of 3% Si-Fe (110)[001] crystal, the core loss depends strongly upon the tilt angle of the [001] direction from the sheet plane. When the tilt angle is about 2°, the core loss becomes minimum, that is, when the tilt angle is less than about 2°, increase in the 180° domain wall spacing gives rise to increase in the core loss.
It is also known that the core loss takes minimum at B8 of about 1.95 T at 800 A/m for the laboratory products. A great part of increment in the loss in the range of B8 higher than 1.95 T is thought to be due to the coarsening of magnetic domains caused by increase in the number of grains having the ideal (110)[001] orientation.
These results were obtained by using the laboratory products, for which the samples were annealed in the form of flat sheet. In the manufacturing process, however secondary recrystallized grains grow during box annealing in coiled strip, and rounded grains are heat flattened by subsequent annealing. Even if (110) plane in the middle part of grain is parallel to the sheet plane, at the grain boundaries the tilt angle of [001] axis from the sheet plane is about 2° for large grains. Therefore, the 180° domains appear at the grain boundaries and the 180° domain wall spacing decreases so as to reduce the magnetostatic energy. The core loss of the products annealed in a coil form decreases as B8 increases higher than 1.95 T.View full abstractDownload PDF (1190K) -
Yukio Miyagawa, Hikaru Aoyagi, Tsunenori Suzuki, Yoshitake Nishi, Etsu ...1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 615-619
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aging behavior of supersaturated Ni-10 at%Ti crystals, quenched rapidly from liquid state and solid state, has been studied. The phase transformation is investigated by means of micro-Vicker’s, magnetic balance and field ion microscopy (F.I.M.). The rate of age-hardening for the liquid-quenched (L.Q.) specimen is larger than that for the solid-quenched (S.Q.) specimen. For both the L.Q. and the S.Q. specimen the hardness decreases at about 7 ks, and then increases. The transformation kinetics is discussed by means of generalized Johnson-Mehl equation, where the ratio of transformation is estimated from the hardness and the Curie temperature. The values of time exponential n are approximately equal for the L.Q. and the S.Q. specimen, and are 0.279 (about 1/3) and 0.284, respectively. These results show that the mechanism of transformation on aging for the L.Q. specimen is as the same as that for the S.Q. specimen. Furthermore, the field ion micrographs for both the transformed L.Q. and the transformed S.Q. specimens show a modulated structure. However, the kinetic constant (k) of transformation for the L.Q. specimen is about four times larger than that for the S.Q. specimen on 873 K aging.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Jun-ichi Masuda1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 620-625
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcoustic emission behaviors during the tensile test in a Cu-Be alloy was studied. Results obtained at various stages of age hardening were discussed.
At the G.P. zone I stage, the acoustic emission rms voltage took a maximum at the yield point, and the rms peak voltage at the yield point was proportional to the yield stress. At the coexistent stage of G.P. zone I and G.P. zone II, the acoustic emission rms voltage took a maximum at a lower stress than the yield stress or had a small peak at a lower stress in addition to the main peak at the yield stress region. The results for both G.P. zone I stage and the coexistent stage of G.P. zone I and G.P. zone II could be explained reasonably by computer simulation of the acoustic emission during the yield process for a dispersion hardened alloy reported before. For the γ′ phase stage, the lower or non-existant acoustic emission was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (469K) -
Munetaka Kuribayashi, Hisaki Okabayashi1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 626-631
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of multiple heat treatments on sensitization of austenitic stainless steels were studied. Boiling copper sulfate-sulfuric acid tests were conducted on SUS 304, 316, 304L and 316L stainless steels sensitized by single or multiple heat treatments. Results obtained are as follows:
(1) The sensitization region of SUS 304 stainless steel in a time-temperature-sensitization diagram expands to the higher temperature side when the steel is heated at 500°C for 24 h after pre-sensitization heat treatments up to 925°C.
(2) The sensitization region of SUS 304 stainless steel expands to the lower temperature side when the steel is heated at temperatures less than 675°C after pre-sensitization heat treatment at 700°C for 30 s.
(3) The sensitization region of SUS 304 stainless steel is not affected by the pre-sensitization heat treatment when the steel is heated at 600-800°C after the pre-sensitization heat treatment at 500°C for 24 h.
(4) No influence is recognized of multiple heat treatments on sensitization of SUS 316, 304L and 316L stainless steels.
(5) These results can be explained by considering the nucleation and growth of chromium carbides and the corrosion rate of chromium deplated zone in a boiling copper sulfate-sulfuric acid solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
Yutaka Kagawa, Eiichi Nakata, Susumu Yoshida1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 632-639
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe deformation behavior of helical reinforcing fibers in the metal matrix has been investigated using monofilamentary composite specimens. A tungsten fiber 150 μm in diameter was formed into a helix, whose helical angle was 78.4° and helical radius was 75 μm. It was incorporated into the copper matrix by means of electrodeposition technique. The volume fraction of the fiber ranged from 0.024 to 0.12. The composite specimens were tensile-tested and the deformation of the helical fiber in the matrix was examined. The results were compared with those on the bare helical fiber.
At the beginning of tensile deformation, the bare helical fiber elongated along its axis solely due to the change in geometrical shape of the helix (Mode I). With increasing elongation, longitudinal extension of the fiber itself (Mode II) appeared and mixed with Mode I deformation until the helix nearly straightened. After straightening the deformation was simply of Mode II and the fiber eventually ruptured. The difference in the deformation behavior of the helical fiber in the matrix, from the bare one, is that it did not completely straighten, presumably due to constraint of the matrix, even when the specimen fractured. In the matrix the helical radius did not change after it had decreased to certain extent. In this stage it elongated only by Mode II, and if the fiber volume fraction was small, the elongation was very large due to the appearance of multiple necking. The smaller the fiber volume fraction, the larger becomes the limit of the helical radius.View full abstractDownload PDF (641K) -
Shigeoki Saji, Takao Ogawa, Shigenori Hori1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 639-645
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA quenched material (No. 1), an aged material (No. 2), a cold-rolled and aged material (No. 3) and an aged, cold-rolled and anneal-hardened material (No. 4) of a Cu-4 wt%Ti alloy were tensile-tested at temperature range from 4 to 70 K and at room temperature. Microstructures were also observed before and after the tests. Results obtained were summarized as follows:
(1) The strength at cryogenic temperature in each material was high in the order of the material No. 4, 3, 2, 1. On the other hand, the ductility was large in the reverse order. These orders were as the same as those at room temperature.
(2) The yield stress (the elastic limit) and U.T.S. in all the materials increased essentially in straight lines with decreasing temperature from room temperature to about 4 K. The increases in the strength were not large, and the temperature dependence of the yield stress was ascertained to be due to that of the shear modulus in the materials No. 1 and 2, but the temperature dependence of the yield stress in the materials No. 3 and 4 could not be ascribed to the temperature dependence of the shear modulus only.
(3) The elongation to fracture was divided into the uniform elongation and the locallized elongation. The uniform elongation increased exponentially with decreasing test temperature in all the materials. The increase in the uniform elongation was due mainly to the difficulty of cross slip of dislocations at lower temperature, and more twins generated during deformation at lower temperature might play a role in retarding cross slip of dislocations. When the uniform elongation, εU was larger than about 0.15, the value of εU was in good agreement with an average value of the two work-hardening exponents, (n1+n2)⁄2. Differences in the uniform elongation among the materials could be explausible in terms of the stacking fault energy and inhomogenity of the deformation structure induced during thermomechanical processing.View full abstractDownload PDF (824K) -
Tetsuyuki Ikeda, Seiki Nishi1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 645-651
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments with hyper-monotectic Al-2 to 8 mass%Pb alloys have been performed by rapid cooling from the single liquid phase (above the miscibility gap) with cooling rates from 70 to 1000 K/s. It was found that lead particles existing in the microstructure were homogenously distributed in the aluminium matrix and the gravity segregation could be prevented. The lead particles consisted of small L1 solid phase formed by the monotectic reaction and large L2 solid phase formed by the separation into two liquid phases (L1+L2). The shape of lead particles were approximately spherical and the mean particle size was about 1 μm in the L1 solid phase and 1 to 6.5 μm in the L2 solid phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (564K) -
Hisashi Suzuki, Hideaki Matsubara, Koji Hayashi1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 651-656
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of nitrogen addition on high temperature oxidation of TiC-Ni alloy was studied at 873∼1373 K. The TiC-Ni and TiC0.7N0.3-Ni alloys with 14∼37%Ni and low∼high carbons were used as specimens.
It was found that the nitrogen contained alloys (TiCN alloys) showed a superior resistance to oxidation to nitrogen free alloys (TiC alloys), independently of oxidizing conditions and alloy compositions. The scale of TiC alloys consisted of two layers, but that of TiCN alloys consisted of three layers. A large number of small pores were observed only in the inner layer of scale for TiCN alloys, probably due to the nitrogen produced by the following reaction at the interface between scale and alloy.
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
\ oindentThe high resistance to oxidation of TiCN alloys was attributed to the above reaction, which would be suppressed by the nitrogen entrapped in the pores in the inner layer of scale.View full abstractDownload PDF (656K) -
Shigeo Zaima, Yuzo Takatsuji, Shigeru Yamada1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 657-664
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarbide tool wear of P10 tool and K10 tool was studied from the view point of rake surface wear by means of EPMA in dry cutting (AC3A). The pulled up pits are recognized on the tool edge and rake surface of both tools, and it is observed that carbide particls fell off due to diffusion of Co, and the wear in the crater part progresses by scratch of hard fine silicon particles, etc. in work material. The concentration of Co remaining at the tool surface of K10 tool is higher than that of P10 tool. Therefore, it is obviously shown that the falling of binding strength of K10 tool is small compared with P10 tool and consequently progresuion of the tool wear of K10 tool is slow.View full abstractDownload PDF (1418K) -
Shigeoki Saji, Shinji Kasuga, Shigenori Hori1982 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 665-666
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (387K)
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