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Volume 27, Issue 7
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Hideo Kaneko, Taiji Nishizawa, Koreaki Tamaki1963 Volume 27 Issue 7 Pages 299-304
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe order of carbide-forming tendency of alloying elements in steel is of importance for explanation of the behaviour of carbide phases in alloy steels. In the same way of thinking, the sulfide-forming tendency of alloying elements in steel would be a considerable factor affecting the nature of sulfide phases in alloy steels. The present study was designed to determine the sulfide-forming tendency of individual elements in steel, and arrived at the conclusion that the tendency would be as the following order:
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The above order was decided by chemical analysis of the individual elements in sulfide phases isolated electrolytically from sulfer-rich and carbon-free alloy steels.
Ni, Co and Si have a less tendency than iron to combine as sulfide, and these elements are found only a few in iron sulfide or FeS.
Those with strong or moderately strong tendency concentrate into sulfide phases, and form the special sulfides, such as ZrS, TiS, MnS, NbS, VS, CrS and Al2S3.View full abstractDownload PDF (1128K) -
Hideo Kaneko, Taiji Nishizawa, Koreaki Tamaki1963 Volume 27 Issue 7 Pages 305-311
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that the sulfide inclusions have a remarkable effect on the hot-workability of steel. In the present study, an examination was made to test the hot-workability of alloyed steel, containing various types of sulfide inclusion. And then, the deformation characteristics of individual sulfide during hot-working were clarified. For these purpose, the microscopic observations, chemical and X-ray analyses were made on sulfides isolated from specimens before and after forging.
It was confirmed that addition of alloying elements, such as Ni, Co, Mo, W and Si had little effect on the nature of sulfide inclusion, and hence did not show any improvement of the hot-workability. On the other hand, addition of Zr, Ti, Mn, Al, V, Nb, and Cr turned iron sulfide into special sulfides, namely ZrS, TiS, MnS, Al2S3, VS, NbS and CrS, respectively, and improved the hot-workability of steel.
MnS, CrS and Al2S3 showed considerable plasticity, and deformed into ellipsoids during hot-working. In the case of VS, NbS and TiS, however, fracturing with little or no deformation was observed. ZrS was a hard sulfide, and was scaresly changed during hot-working of steel.View full abstractDownload PDF (1483K) -
Hideo Kaneko, Taiji Nishizawa, Koreaki Tamaki1963 Volume 27 Issue 7 Pages 312-318
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe principal phase diagrams of ternary system Fe-M-S have been established by Vogel and other investigators, but some of these diagrams are questionable so far as phase relationships of sulfides in steel are concerned. In the present research, chemical composition and crystal structure of sulfides in ternary alloys having Fe-0.5%S as a base were examined by electrolytic isolation and by subsequent chemical and X-ray analyses. And the sulfide phase diagrams which represented sulfide phases existing at equilibrium with iron phase in ternary systems were determined. The sulfide phase diagrams are divided into following groups:
(1) FeS and other binary sulfides are in equilibrium with iron phase in Fe-Zr-S, Fe-Ti-S, Fe-Mn-S, Fe-Nb-S and Fe-Al-S systems.
(2) Binary sulfides except FeS are not existent in equilibrium with iron phase in Fe-Mo-S, Fe-W-S and Fe-Ni-S systems.
(3) CrS, VS and CoS form a continuous solid solution with FeS. Cr and V concentrate into the sulfide solid solution in Fe-Cr-S and Fe-V-S systems. The reverse is the case in Fe-Co-S system.
The sequence of the formation of sulfide inclusions during freezing of steel were discussed on the basis of the phase diagrams of iron-sulfide pseudo-binary systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (627K) -
Tadayuki Nakayama, Hiroyuki Yamada, Eiichi Yagi, Junichi Yasui1963 Volume 27 Issue 7 Pages 318-323
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present authors have been studied corrosion-resisting films and surfaces produced on Ti and Zr by the electron microscopic and diffraction method. The following results were obtained. (1) The corrosion-resisting films of Ti produced in high temperature water (200°C, 6 hr) consist of rutile and anatase. Zr plate was covered with monoclinic and cubic type ZrO2 crystals showing the preferred orientations of their {110} and {100} planes parallel to metal surfaces, but these oriented films were not found on the cast specimens under the same conditions. (2) The protective films of Ti immersed in boiling 10 and 28 wt%NaCl solutions consist of anatase or anatase and rutile respectively. The surface films produced on Ti in artifical sea water and 10 wt%NaCl solution (200°C, 6 hr) were composed of rutile and anatase, and the surfaces were individually protected with rutile or rutile and-α-Ti2O3 when the specimens were corroded in high temperature 20 or 28 wt%NaCl solution. (3) Zr plates dipped in artificial sea water, 10∼28 wt%NaCl solutions (200°C, 6 hr) or boiling 10 wt%AlCl3, MgCl2 and NH4Cl solutions were covered with the oriented ZrO2 films. (4) Rutile was found on Ti surface dipped in boiling 10 wt%FeCl3 solution, while the films consisting of rutile and anatase were detected on the surfaces of Ti boiled in 10 wt%CuCl2 solution. However, the protective films of Ti in boiling 10 wt%AlCl3, MgCl2 and NH4Cl solutions were composed of anatase.View full abstractDownload PDF (782K) -
Hideo Kaneko, Yoshinori Shima1963 Volume 27 Issue 7 Pages 324-329
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is the first of a series of papers concerned with the electrode erosion phenomena accompanying the electric-spark machining. In the development of the electric-spark machining, it is necessary to explore, on a phenomenological basis, the effects of electrode material on the machining characteristics. The first experimental problem taken up in this research was concerned with the relation between the physical properties of electrode material and the erosion ratio of the electrode. The second problem was the development of Aluminium alloy electrode. From this experiment, it was found that most favorable results are obtained when Al-Co-Sn-Bi alloy is employed as electrode.View full abstractDownload PDF (304K) -
Hideo Kaneko, Yoshinori Shima, Yasuyuki Sato1963 Volume 27 Issue 7 Pages 329-333
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is the second of a series of papers concerned with the electrode erosion phenomena accompanying the electric-spark machining. This paper deals with the electrode erosion of copper alloys. Copper alloys which contain oxygen show good results both in erosion ratio and in erosion velocity of steel work piece. These electrodes can be favorably applied to the machining of WC hard alloy also. Oxygen in copper gives negative ion and modulate the spark atomosphere giving good results in electrode characteristics. The composition and electrode characteristics of the best electrode are as follows: Cu-O2 alloy (Cu2O 3.4%) erosion ratio for steel work: 0.10 erosion velocity of steel work (tap 1):1100 (mg/min)View full abstractDownload PDF (271K) -
Yai Shiobara1963 Volume 27 Issue 7 Pages 333-337
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRapid quantitative determination of cadmium in cadmium alloys and of bismuth in bismuth-antimony alloys can be done by the combined electrographic-colorimetric method. For determining cadmium latent electrogram of alloys was developed into the Toyo filter paper No.50 moistened with 1 M NaNO3 by applying D.C. Voltage (4 V, 10 mA) across the filter paper for 10 sec.. After spraying 0.2% diphenylcarbohydrazid solution to the filter paper, absorbance of the colored complex was measured at 530 mμ. For the determination of bismuth almost the same procedure can be adopted except that 1.4×10−2 M KNO3 is used instead of 1 M NaNO3 as supporting electrolyte. 1% cinchonine solution in 2%KI was used for developing the color of bismuth-cinchonine complex. Spectrophotometric measurement was made at 500 mμ. Analytical precision (% standard deviation) are 3.0% for cadmium and 4.0% for bismuth determination.View full abstractDownload PDF (267K) -
Zen-ichi Tanabe1963 Volume 27 Issue 7 Pages 337-341
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA reason for the widespread use of aluminium brass in heat exchanger tubes may be attributed to its high corrosion and erosion resistance. Aluminium brass, however, suffer from a polluted water corrosion at power station using a polluted sea water. Its corrosion occures with sulpher compounds which are released by the action of bacteria. Therefore, the potentiostatic measurements of polarization curve for aluminium brass including various contents of zinc and aluminium were carried out in slowly stirring 3%NaCl aqueous solution containing 1 p.p.m. cystine.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) Mainly, cystine accelerates cathodic reaction rate, its effect is remarkable esspecially in absence of oxygen.
(2) Although effects of zinc and aluminium contents on electrochemical properties relate linearly to zinc equivalent, there is a discontinuous point at about 32%Zn eq., below which cathodic critical current decreases with zinc equivalent and anodic current increases with either of decrease of aluminium content or increase of zinc content, but above which these currents increase with zinc equivalent respectively.
(3) There are some relation between these discontinuous points and precipitation of β phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (872K) -
Takayuki Ooka, Hiroshi Mimura, Seinosuke Yano, Seiichi Soeda1963 Volume 27 Issue 7 Pages 342-348
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments on the determination of distribution coefficients for Ni, Mn, C, S and O in iron were carried out by the floating zone melting method. It was found that solute atoms such as Mn and O showed very peculiar distributions, different from those expected from current theories. From the analysis of the experimental results, it is concluded that the evaporation of solute atoms such as Mn and S having high vapor pressure and also the diffusion of solute atoms such as O and C in a solid zone adjacent to the molten zone play important roles on the solute distribution. By considering the two effects, the distribution curve of solute atoms obtained experimentally can be satisfactorily explained.
Values of effective distribution coefficients, k, for various travelling rates of the molten zone were determined, from which equilibrium distribution coefficients, ko, and the thickness of the diffusion layer, δ, were computed; the values of ko thus obtained were in good agreement with those given in the literature.View full abstractDownload PDF (839K) -
1963 Volume 27 Issue 7 Pages 349-355
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (945K)
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