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Volume 22, Issue 6
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Masao Terasawa1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 283-286
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLead and lead alloys are worked, in many cases, by compressive force such as stamping, extruding and rolling etc., so author studied their compressive properties, such as the compressive force, the compressive ratio, the work done, the rise in temperature, the calorific value and the calorific value/work done. By adding silicon to lead and lead-antimony alloys, the compressive properties were improved, and lead-silicon alloys were improved effectively in these properties by addition of 0.008∼0.017% silicon to lead, and although lead-antimony-silicon alloys presented similar tendency to lead-antimony alloys, these properties were improved. The calorific values by work done were increased by adding silicon to lead and lead-antimony alloys. For example, the calorific ratio was 39% on lead-silicon alloys containing 0.017% silicon, 33% on lead-silicon-antimony alloy containing 5% antimony and 0.017% silicon, and 31% on lead-antimony alloy containing 5% antimony,as shown by the results of experiments using as-cast alloy samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (589K) -
Akira Kondô, Yoshitarô Fuke1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 286-290
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method was studied for the accurate determination of ferrous iron in samples containing metallic iron, ferrous oxide and ferric oxide. It has been well known that the HgCl2 method is the most accurate one among several methods for this purpose, so that the authors tried to develope it. After the metallic iron was removed by HgCl2 solution, the precipitated Hg was removed by KI-I2 solution. The residue containing ferrous and ferric oxides was dissolved with HCl in the atmosphere of CO2, and then the ferrous iron in the solution was determined by titrating directly with KMnO4 solution. The metallic iron may be determined in the filtrate treated with HgCl2 solution, the amount of the total iron was obtained independently of the above method, and the amount of ferric iron was then found from the difference of the two values. This method was accurate for the determination of ferros iron in materials containing metallic iron and its oxides.View full abstractDownload PDF (807K) -
Kazuo Ota, Shigeru Mori1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 290-292
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the direct spectrophotometic determination of Pb in leaded free-cutting steel with dithizone, the masking of Fe present as the principal component in the sample is necessary prior to the extraction of Pb. The masking is usually carried out by warming with NH2OH·HCl (or Na2SO3) and KCN. The conditions for the warming, however, must be closely controlled and moreover variable results may be given. The authors showed the adequate conditions for the marking of Fe without warming and also a simple purification method of dithizone.View full abstractDownload PDF (420K) -
Ichiro Fukumoto1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 292-297
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhite cast-iron samples with various C contents were melted in air, using charcoal iron and erectrolytic iron. These alloys were cast in (1) iron moulds, (2) sand molds (3) silica tubes preheated at 1100°C. After remelting some of these specimens were cooled slowly over the freezing interval and cooled in water, air, and Fc. from 1170°C. Some of the sand-cast specimens were half melted in CaC2 salt held at the temperature just above the eutectic temperature, and cooled in water, air, and Fc. These various specimens were observed under a microscope, and thermal etching, and calculation for wt% of primary crystal were carried out. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) The hardness of the specimen cast in iron mould is higher by HRc 3∼4 than that of specimen cast in silica tube, owing to the decrease in the width of cementite crystal in lamellar eutectic structuire. (2) In all cooling rates, cementite crystals constitute the mass ground of eutectic colonies (3) Honey-comb type eutectic structures are apt to appear when the interstices of the primary crystals are large. (4) “Intermediate structure” is the intermediate between the honey-comb and the lamellar eutectic structure. (5) The eutectic structure, constituted by cementite crystals only, is apt to appear when the C content of alloy is low and the specimen is cooled slowly, owing to the fact that the eutectic austenite is merged into the pryimary austenite.View full abstractDownload PDF (1052K) -
Ichiro Fukumoto1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 297-300
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSamples of Fe-C, Fe-C-Cr and Fe-C-Cr-S alloy were melted in purest graphite crucible, using erectrolytic iron covered by the same graphite. They were cast at 1300° in iron mould, sand moulds and preheated silica-tubes. These specimens were microscopically observed. The result obtained are summarized as follows: (1) In all alloys, the lower the cooling rate, the larger was the width of cementite crystals in the lam llar eutectic structure, and the fewer the eutectic colonies. (2) In Fe-C alloy, the width of cementite crystal does not become markedly larger even when cooled slowly and the mass-ground of eutectic structure always consists of cementite crystals as in charcoal iron. (3) In Fe-C-Cr-S alloy, the honey-comb type eutectic structure and the massive cementite crystal are apt to appear, especially in slow cooling and the width of cementite crystal in lamellar structure is larger as compared with Fe-C alloy. (4) The effect of S upon the eutectic structure seems to be caused by the fact that S accelerates the relative growth-rate of cementite crystals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1102K) -
Katashi Masumoto, Tomo-o Sotô, Hitoshi Kimura1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 300-304
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn apparatus newly constructed for both the single-crystal pulling and the floating zone melting of Si is described. It consists of a 12-kW H.F. induction heater, which has been especially designed to deliver a frequency of approximately 1, 3, 5 or 8 megacycles, a mechanical means for moving the one-turn induction coil or the rotating seed up and down, and an automatic temperature regulator which has the mechanism for regulating the H.F. power input (regulation of the anode voltage by thyratron) so that the temperature of the graphite susceptor, as measured by a thermo-couple, remains constant within ±0.5° at temperatures near the melting point of Si or Ge. Then the operation, the performance and the two methods of rod preparation by suction and pulling are briefly described.View full abstractDownload PDF (898K) -
Kunio Okabayasi1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 304-308
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of the keeping temperature of molten iron after magnesium treatment was chiefly reported in this paper. The process of structural change by keeping in molten state after magnesium treatment was almost the same as in the case of remelting of magnesium-treated spheroidal graphite cast-iron reported in the previous paper (1). It was clarified that changes in various properties took place, keeping some regular relationship with the decrease in residual magnesium content, and the decreasing velocity of residual magnesium in the molten iron was faster when the keeping temperature of the molten iron was higher, e.g. the decreasing velocity at 1500° was as fast about four times as that at 1300°. Moreover, some considerations were given to the cause of the changes in the properties of spheroidal graphite cast-iron by keeping in molten state after magnesium treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1006K) -
Zenji Nishiyama, Satohiro Hayami1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 309-313
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Berg-Barrett method has been applied to study the deformation of aluminium single crystals. Analysing a set of lamellae K running parallel to the deformation bands in the X-ray micrographs taken, the following have been clarified: (1) The point-to-point correspondence between the lamellae K and the deformation bands is faithful especially at a suitable glancing angle; (2) the correspondence between the X-ray band images and the deformed crystal regions can be explained by use of Mott’s idea concerning the deformation band; (3) the angle of bending in the deformation band which might depend upon the orientation of crystal is of the order of 2° at the elongation of 4%; (4) the bending curvatures with unlike signs on opposite sides of deformation bands are generally different from each other.View full abstractDownload PDF (1145K) -
Toshio Doi1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 313-316
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author studied the age-hardening process of copper alloys containing 1.02, 0.81, 0.53 and 0.29 percent of chromium, respectively. The specimens were heated at 1000°, and quenched in water. After quenching they were aged at various temperatures, i.e. 384°, 405°, 427° and 450°, for various lengths of time. Their tensile strength and electrical resistivity were measured during the age-hardening process. The change of tensile strength as a function of aging time can by expressed by Austin-Rickett formula (Equation 2). The activation energy of the aging process of these alloys were calculated by two methods, and its value were as follows:
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Yasuo Ohmori, Kôji Sanbongi1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 316-320
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe E.M.F. of the following cell: Fe-Al-Csat.|CaO-SiO2-Al2O3(I)|C or MgO|CaO-SiO2-Al2O3(II)|Fe-Al-Csat., was measured at 1630° with reference slag: CaO 45.2, SiO2 2.2 and Al2O3 53.7 wt% respectively, and it was found that the E.M.F. with constant CaO series first increased sharply, then decreased gradually with increase of SiO2 content. On the other hand, with constant Al2O3 series, a marked increase of the E.M.F. was observed in the range near the liquidus of 2CaO·SiO2. Now choosing the standard state as the liquidus line of Al2O3 at 1630°, the activity of Al2O3 in a given slag was calculated from the E.M.F. by the following equation: E=RT⁄6FlnaAl2O8. From the authors’ data, the isoactivity lines were drawn on the ternary coordinates of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3. And symmetrical isoactivity lines were obtained on both sides of the straight line connecting between 2CaO·SiO2 and Al2O3, which may be explained by the change of existing anion species in the slag. Finally the most probable anion species and their stabilities were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (643K) -
Sakae Takeuchi, Toshio Homma, Susumu Ikeda1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 320-323
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA useful method is described for determining the orientations of crystal grains in polycrystalline specimens having cubic lattice structure from the observation of angles between the surface markings such as slip lines or twins which are developed in {111} planes. From the computation of relations between the angular co-odinates (ξ,η) of the crystal orientation and the relative angles (α,β,γ,δ) in four directions of {111} traces a chart of isogonic lines of α and γ is plotted with the intervals of two degrees. The orientation of a given crystal grain in the specimen can be determined immediately from the above chart if the angles α and γ are measured, and its accuracy is also shown obviously. The case of {111} traces in only three direction is discussed and the relation between the angles of the three traces and the number of possible orientations corresponding to the same traces are explained.View full abstractDownload PDF (640K) -
Sakae Takeuchi, Susumu Ikeda1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 324-327
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the convenience of determining orientations of crystal grains in polycrystalline specimens with cubic structure, several charts of {100} traces have been plotted in a manner similar to that for the chart of {111} traces described in the previous report. For the case of large angles between the {100} traces where considerable errors in determining the orientations, are unavoidable, an accurate determination is possible if a combination of {100} and {111} traces is used. The relations for such a combination have been calculated and plotted in the form of chart. By these charts, the crystallographic orientations of crystal grains can be determined very rapidly and accurately by observing the surface markings such as slip lines, twins or etch-pits.View full abstractDownload PDF (742K) -
Yôtarô Murakami, Toshio Enjyô1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 328-332
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe solid equilibrium relation in the Ti-Fe-Mn system was investigated by X-ray analysis, microscopic examination and electric resistance measurement. The range of the ternary solid solution of Ti(Fe, Mn)2 was found to be very large as shown in Fig. 1. The TiFe phase in the binary Ti-Fe system has also a wide range of solubility which extends to TiMn phase in the binary Ti-Mn system, which has no solid solubility in the ternary system. The α-Ti, TiFe and TiMn phases give rise to a ternary eutectoid at about 550°, although the nonvariant point is not determined. From the results in the present paper and the previous 1st and 2nd reports, the general equilibrium relations of this system as summarized in Table 5 was obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1076K) -
Tadayuki Nakayama1958 Volume 22 Issue 6 Pages 332-335
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present author studied, by the transmission electron diffraction method, the surface films produced in the early stage of high temperature oxidation of annealed or quenched Fe-Al alloys (16.44%Al-, 19.30%Al-, 19.80%Al- and 22.50%Al-Fe alloys), and thereby physico-chemically explained the processes of γ- and α-Al2O3 formations in these Fe-Al alloys. The present studies verified experimentally that mixed crystals of γ-Al2O3 and iron oxides (mainly α-Fe2O3) are formed on the surface of these Fe-Al alloys heated in air at temperature below ca. 700°. In annealed 19.30%Al-, 19.80%Al- and 22.50%Al-Fe alloys, specimens oxidized in air at 1000° for 3 min were mainly covered with α-Al2O3 films, but well-grown γ-Al2O3 crystals were detected in the surface films produced at high temperature oxidation (700° and 1000°) of quenched specimens. From these experimental results, it is reasonable to think that γ-Al2O3 crystal films are formed by selective oxidation of Al atoms contained in Fe-Al alloys, and that α-Fe2O3 crystals change into α-Al2O3 by alumino-thermic reaction at temperature above ca. 700°.View full abstractDownload PDF (708K)
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