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Volume 31, Issue 11
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Ryôfu Miyasawa1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1223-1229
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe longitudinal magnetostriction has been studied at ordinary temperatures, using the optical lever method, in thermally demagnetized state and in alternating-current demagnetized state with two rod specimens of iron containing 0.5%Al, one of which is the single crystal whose rod axis is situated between [100] and [110], called the [210] specimen, and the other the polycrystal made of the raw material for the preparation of single crystals. It has been found that the magnetostrictive behavior of the [210] specimen is as a whole intermediate between the behaviors of the [100] and [110] specimens, and so, the dependence of its behavior on the method of demagnetization is marked. On the contrary, it has been noted that the magnetostrictive behavior of the polycrystal specimen is as a whole similar to that of the [110] specimen in thermally demagnetized state, but the former is distinctly different from the latter in that the dependence of the magnetostrictive behavior on the method of demagnetization for the polycrystal is fairly less than for the [110] specimen. Furthermore, it has been found for both the [210] specimen and the polycrystal that the difference of magnetostriction between the state of remanent magnetization and that of magnetic saturation is independent of the method of demagnetization. In addition, the value of the magnetostrictive constant, λ111, of these specimens, determined by considering the difference of magnetostriction between both the states as described above, is −20.5×10−6.View full abstractDownload PDF (1174K) -
Yukio Suginohara, Tsutomu Yanagase1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1229-1236
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObservation on the change of shape of silica anions in molten silicates resulting from the addition of Al2O3 as a third element should be of great importance in order to understand the constitution of molten slag. In the present studies, the measurements of infrared absorption spectra have been carried out for a purpose of finding the effect of Al2O3 on the lead and sodium silicate melts.
In PbO-SiO2-Al2O3 and Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3 systems, it was found that the peak of an absorption band due to the stretching vibration (ν3) of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron showed a shift to one of about 1020, 990 or 970 cm−1 in wave number with increasing Al2O3 content in the silicate. For example, in the case of Al2O3 addition to the sodium silicate containing 33.3 mol%Na2O, the spectrum of the original glass consists of two bands, with absorption peaks at about 1070 and 950 cm−1. The peak at 1070 cm−1 shifted to the lower frequency side, while the peak at 950 cm−1 shifted to the higher frequency side with increasing Al2O3 content, and beyond 15 mol%Al2O3 one absorption peak was observed at approximately 990 cm−1 instead of two absorption bands. The absorption band due to the vibration of AlO4 tetrahedron in glassy silicate was observed at approximately 700∼730 cm−1, the intensity of which apparently increased with increasing Al2O3 content in the silicates.View full abstractDownload PDF (1752K) -
Norio Nagata, Susumu Yoshida1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1237-1241
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe strain rate and temperature dependence of the flow stress for basal slip of zinc single crystals (99.99% purity) has been investigated by compression tests over the strain rate range of 10−4 to 103 sec−1 and the temperature range of −196°C to 100°C. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) At strain rates below 10−1 sec−1, it is shown that the critical resolved shear stresses are 18∼25 g/mm2 and scarcely vary with strain rate and temperature. The rate of work hardening tends to decrease above room temperature and becomes very small at 100°C.
(2) At strain rates above 10 sec−1, the flow stress rapidly increases with increasing strain rate and attains to 200∼400 g/mm2 at 103 sec−1 for 4% shear strain. When the relation between the strain rate \dotγ and the effective flow stress τv is expressed as
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m turns out to be 1∼1.5 for the intermediate strain rates and about 2.5 for the whole range including higher strain rates.
(3) No definite temperature dependence is observed for the flow stress at intermediate strain rates, but at high strain rates it tends to rise with increasing temperature.
(4) The rate of work hardening at strain rates above 10 sec−1 is of about the same order of magnitude as that for lower strain rates at lower temperatures except that it is a little lower for intermediate strain rates at 100°C.
From the above results, it is concluded that for the basal slip of zinc at high strain rates the influence of frictional stress on moving dislocations becomes too large to be negligible and controls the relation between the strain rate and the flow stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (408K) -
Tohei Ototani, Yasuhiro Morooka, Yasuzi Kataura1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1241-1247
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMetastable primary cementite precipitates preferentially from the γ solid solution of hypereutectoid steels, without stable graphite precipitation by the ordinary solidifying process. In the present experiment, it has been found that graphite reprecipitation from the γ solid solution of calcium treated or untreated hypereutectoid cast steels may readily occur during the air cooling or the furnace cooling process after the heat-treatment in the γ region from 1060°C to 1210°C. In other cases, graphite precipitation was observable mainly along the grain boundaries of dendritic structures by the furnace cooling from 1000°C immediately after rapid cooling from the molten state to that temperature. If any crystal imperfections such as voids which are empty of atoms are formed in the γ solid solution, the graphite precipitation would more readily occur in those sites, because the activation free energy for graphite nucleation decreases due to decreasing intersurface energy and strain energy. From the experimental results hitherto obtained the mechanisms of graphite precipitation from the γ solid solution was considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (1827K) -
1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1247a
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlease see pdf. Wrong:0.16°C Right:1.6°CView full abstractDownload PDF (17K) -
1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1247b
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlease see pdf. Wrong:[in Japanese] Right:[in Japanese]View full abstractDownload PDF (17K) -
1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1247c
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlease see pdf. Wrong:[Please see pdf], [Please see pdf], B, C Right:[PDFを参照], [PDFを参照], C, BView full abstractDownload PDF (17K) -
Hisashi Suzuki, Takaharu Yamamoto, Ichiro Kawakatsu1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1248-1253
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInterdiffusion phenomena between WC-10%Co alloys and carbon steels were examined in relation to their carbon contents. Two kinds of cemented carbides, i.e., low carbon and high carbon two-phase alloys were coupled and brazed at temperatures of 1100°∼1300°C for 1 hr with steels having various carbon contents. Then, hardness measurements, microstructure observations and X-ray analyses were made on the diffusion layers. Main results obtained were as follows:
(1) As for the diffusing direction of carbon, the mechanism which is generally accepted that carbon diffuses from cemented carbides to steels was not always confirmed. The inverse diffusion from steels to cemented carbides was observed when the carbon content of steels exceeded about 0.8%.
(2) Complex carbide was formed in the cemented carbide side, only when the diffusing direction of carbon was from cemented carbides to steels. The carbide was identified to be M6C type.
(3) It seems that the properties of cemented carbides are deteriorated due to the following facts; (i) Harmful phases, i.e., M6C, M23C6 or free carbon phase, were formed in cemented carbides according to the coupling conditions. (ii) Cobalt diffused from cemented carbides and at the same time iron diffused in.
(4) The diffusing amount of cobalt or iron appeared to be strongly affected by the carbon contents of coupled materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (1997K) -
Ichiro Kawakatsu, Hisashi Suzuki, Hitoshi Kitano1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1253-1257
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome properties of Cu-Zr-Cr alloys containing more than about 0.5% zirconium and various amounts of chromium have been studied. The isothermal sections of copper corner of Cu-Zr-Cr equilibrium diagram mainly at 950° and 900°C have also been studied. The results obtained were as follows.
(1) The properties of the alloys were little affected by the composition changes. The optimum composition of the alloys showing high strength and electric conductivity was in the range of about 0.5∼0.8%Zr and 0.5∼1.2%Cr.
(2) The isothermal sections consisted of four different phase fields, i.e., α, α+Cr, α+Cr+Cu3Zr and α+Cu3Zr. The α phase field was extended toward the opposite direction to the copper corner. The same inter-phase relationship could also be found at lower temperatures. The properties of the alloys were considered to be well explained using the above diagram.View full abstractDownload PDF (1273K) -
Takayoshi Yoshimori, Masaru Arai, Yoshiyuki Ikeda1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1258-1261
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNitrogen in the above mentioned samples are determined by the coulometric titration method. The sample is dissolved with acid, and then ammonia is separated by the ordinary Kjehldahl distillation process and followed by the coulometric titration using electrolytically generated hypobromite ion.
A manual coulometric titrator and an automatic recording titrator are used for determining ammonia. The former consists of a constant current source, a timer and a “dead stop” end point apparatus. The latter instrument has a high-input impedance recorder, therefore the titration curve obtained by it was occasionary disturbed by the electrolytic current of coulometry. This disturbance is completely eliminated by means of a “dead stop” end point accessory (circuit shown).
Satisfactory results can be obtained by this method using 0.5∼1 g samples. Some procedures to remove the reagent blank are also suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (296K) -
Kaizo Monma, Hajime Suto, Katsuaki Takemura1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1261-1265
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of tensile stress on the hydrogen attack of 0.4% carbon and eutectoid steels was investigated. Creep tests were carried out in 100 atm hydrogen and 70 atm argon atmospheres. These results were compared with those by the usual hydrogen attack test without loading. The significant effects of tensile stress on the hydrogen attack are as follows: (1) The embrittlement in rupture life and in reduction of area takes place much faster than those by the static hydrogen attack test. (2) Fissures in static hydrogen attack elongate in parallel with the specimen surface, whereas those under loading propagate in a direction perpendicular to the tensile axis. (3) The decarburized zone around the fissures is much broader than that on the surface of specimens.View full abstractDownload PDF (1576K) -
Kaizo Monma, Hajime Suto, Ken-ichi Nakano1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1266-1271
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn many previous papers, various factors affecting the strength of ball bearing steel have been discussed. But in most of the literature, two or three fundamental factors have been simultaneously changed. As for the effect of quenching temperature on the mechanical properties, for instance, the amounts and particle sizes of residual carbide and carbon in matrix martensite change in accordance with quenching temperature. In this work, the amount of residual carbide and carbon content in matrix martensite were changed separately and other factors were held as much constant as possible. The tensile strength, compressive yield strength, hardness, push-pull fatigue strength and rolling contact fatigue life were tested and the relationship between these mechanical properties and the residual carbide and carbon contents in matrix martensite are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1167K) -
Zensaku Kozuka, Oloan Pardomuan Siahaan, Joichiro Moriyama1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1272-1278
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThermodynamic properties of molten SnO-SiO2 system were estimated by e.m.f. measurements employing solid electrolytes. The experiments were carried out at the temperature range of 1050°∼1150°C by means of the following galvanic cells.
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
From these experimental results, it has been shown that,
(1) The standard free energy of formation of molten stannous oxide was shown by the following equation as a function of temperature.
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
(2) The activities of stannous oxide in molten SnO-SiO2 had a slight deviation from Raoult’s Law.
(3) Molal heats and entropy of mixing in the molten SnO-SiO2 system were considerable positive larger values than those of ideal solution.
(4) The model of Toop and Samis were applied to the molten SnO-SiO2 at 1100°C and the equilibrium constant K in the following reaction was found to be larger than 0.3.
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
(5) This experimental result gives some support to the phase diagram of SnO-SiO2 shown by Kohlmeyer et al.View full abstractDownload PDF (1312K) -
Shoji Goto, Shigeyasu Koda1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1278-1283
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of dilute solid solution of nickel alloys containing silicon up to 4 wt% in the form of a plate were internally oxidized at temperatures between 900°C and 1300°C to investigate the growth processes and the microscopic structure of the subscale formed. The results obtained are as follows. (1) The relationship between the penetration depth of oxygen and the oxidation time was not expressed by a parabolic law, and this result was explained in terms of a large diffusion coefficient of silicon in the matrix. At elevated temperatures, the velocity of internal oxidation increased, but the effect of oxygen pressure on it was not so large. (2) Anomalous thick oxide bands were observed in parallel with the surface in the internally oxidized alloys with high concentration of silicon. (3) The shape of dispersed particles was dendritic near the front of internal oxidation, but at a small distance from the surface it varied to be spherical from rod-shaped. Some considerations were made on the origin of it. (4) The dispersed particles were identified as the crystalline SiO2.View full abstractDownload PDF (2419K) -
Jun-ichiro Yagi, Iwao Muchi1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1284-1289
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the steady-operating conditions in the blast furnace, a mathematical model for the zone of the furnace between top and tuyere levels, which consists of nine ordinary differential equations and two algebraic equations, was proposed(1) in the past.
For the purpose of analyzing the high-pressure operation of the blast furnace, the influence of pressure on the over-all rates of reactions which occur in the furnace have been taken into account, and thus Eqs. (2), (4), (6), (8), (10) and (12) have been obtained.
On the basis of the model in which the reaction rates mentioned above are contained, the longitudinal distributions of process variables such as temperature, compositions, density, pressure, velosity and flow rate of gas, temperature and bulk density of solid particles and fractional conversions of iron ores and limestones under various operating conditions have been determined quantitatively with the aid of digital computer.
For the case of various blast volumes and pressures at the top, the results of analysis on the steady-operating conditions in the furnace have been illustrated in Figs. 2∼6.
It has been concluded that if the pressures of top gas are increased from 1.39 to 1.97 atm and 1.97 to 4.87 atm under the same blast volumes, then the carbon ratios may be decreased by about 20 and 30 kg(C)/t(pig) and the production rates of pig iron increased by about 6 and 9 t/hr, respectively. And it has been found that the production rates may be increased in proportion to the increase in blast volumes under constant pressures of top gas, but the carbon ratios may not change with increasing blast volumes.
Also, flooding phenomena have been analyzed by the use of Eqs. (13)∼(15) proposed by Tao(7), and those results are given in Fig. 7.View full abstractDownload PDF (1262K) -
Masao Ibaraki, Taira Okamoto1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1290-1296
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors have studied the microstructure of the Al-CuAl2 eutectic frozen unidirectionally under a steady or non-steady state, in order to determine factors governing the microstructure of lamellar eutectic. The degeneration of the lamellae in the slowly frozen eutectic is facilitated as the orientation of the lamellae boundary of the Al phase deviates from the equilibrium orientation (111)Al. Since in the case of steady state freezing of the eutectic alloy the colony structure is easily formed by vertical freezing than by horizontal freezing, the latter must cause a severer mixing of melt during freezing as compared with the former. This may have an effect on the formation of wider interlamellar spacing in the horizontally frozen eutectic than the vertically frozen eutectic, particularly, when frozen at low freezing rate. In the case of the horizontal freezing, the interlamellar spacing is inversely proportional to the square root of freezing rate. The interlamellar spacing of the eutectic frozen at a high freezing rate under the non-steady state is fairly larger than would be expected from the extrapolation of data for the eutectic frozen at a lower freezing rate under the steady state. The colony size has a linear relationship against the reciplocal of the square root of freezing rate, or against the reciplocal of the product of freezing rate and temperature gradient. The eutectic CuAl2 phase in the hyper-eutectic alloy can partially grow from the primary CuAl2 phase, while the eutectic Al phase in the hypo-eutectic alloy cannot grow from the primary Al phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (2755K) -
Hiroyasu Mitani, Hiroshi Nagai1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1296-1300
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral reports have been published in regard to the reaction, 2Al(l)+AlCl3(g)=3AlCl(g). These studies were carried out using a surface flow method, in which the reaction could not be equilibrated. Moreover, the equilibrium constant values obtained by these studies widely scatter.
In order to equilibrate the reaction and then to obtain a more reliable value of the equilibrium constant, AlCl3 gas was bubbled into molten Al in the present study. By decreasing the hole size of the bubbling tube from 5 mmφ to 1 mmφ, the reaction was equilibrated and the equilibrium constant was directly determined in the temperature range 1000° to 1200°C. The equilibrium constant and standard free energy can be represented by the following equations:
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
Reactivity between AlCl3 and Al-Si binary alloys in the composition range 0<NSi<0.735 was also investigated. Combining the equilibrium constant with the experimental data on Al-Si alloys, activities of Al and Si were determined at 1200°C. The activity curve is found to be similar in shape to those obtained by Kozuka et al.(10), who determined the values by e.m.f. measurements using a molten chloride electrolyte.View full abstractDownload PDF (1338K) -
Hideo Abe, Kunio Ito1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1300-1305
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFe-25.7 wt%Ni and Fe-19.9 wt%Ni alloys were rolled 90% at 400°C after austenitizing at 700°C. The textures of the martensite phase developed on cooling after the rolling were determined by the X-ray pole figure method and compared to that of Fe-30.2 wt%Ni alloy reported previously. It has been considered that the variation of the texture of martensite with Ni content is mainly due to the change in the selection of crystallographically equivalent variants of the orientation relationship in the martensitic transformation. The (200) poles of the preferred orientations of martensite derived from those of austenite by the orientation relationships which can be related to the slip systems of austenite exerted by the large shear stresses during rolling coincide with the pole density maxima in the (200) pole figures of martensite in these alloys.View full abstractDownload PDF (1598K) -
Kazuhisa Okajima, Hiroshi Sakao1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1305-1308
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs examples of the activity measurements by the touch instant electromotive force method, Zn-Sn and Pb-Bi systems were taken up and the measurements were carried out putting emphasis on the activities of both components in the Zn-Sn system and dilute solutions in the Pb-Bi system. It was found from the measurements in the Zn-Sn system that the obtained activities of zinc are approximately in agreement with the values obtained by the usual electromotive force method and the activities of tin are also measured with good accuracy. The activities of zinc in the Zn-Sn system and of lead in the Pb-Bi system conform to Henry’s law up to NZn=0.1 and NPb=0.08, respectively. The activity coefficient of lead in infinitely dilute Pb-Bi alloy is represented by the following equation, logγ_Pb^° = -359/T + 0.207.View full abstractDownload PDF (1138K) -
Ko Soeno1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1309-1314
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPrecipitation of copper from iron containing 1 weight pct copper was measured from the changes in electrical resistivity at the temperature of liquid nitrogen (−196°C) and in tensile strength. In the specimens quenched from 800°C, rapid precipitation was observed at 525°C when subjected to isochronal annealing for 30 min at the intervals of 50°C, and the activation energy was determined as 53±6 kcal/mol. While, in the specimens worked by cold drawing after the quenching, copper was, in considerable amounts, precipitated at about 250°C under the same conditions of isochronal annealing. The mechanism of the precipitation at 250°C, the activation energy of which was determined as 32±1 kcal/mol, is assumed as accelerated diffusion of copper due to excess vacancies introduced into the specimens by cold drawing.View full abstractDownload PDF (1042K) -
Masayoshi Hasegawa, Masafumi Okamoto1967 Volume 31 Issue 11 Pages 1314-1320
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to find the properties of carbon-free iron-boron quarternary alloys containing both ferrite-soluble elements (Ni, Cr, Mn) and boride-forming elements (Nb, Mo, Ti), investigations have been made on the peritectoid temperature, microstructure, heat treatment characteristics, mechanical properties, etc. The boron contents in the specimens were 0.10 and 0.20%. The results are summarized as follows:
(1) The Fe-B quarternary alloys were hardened due to the fine precipitation of alloy boride by annealing treatment. Nb had a refining effect on the ferrite grain size on Fe-B alloys, especially on alloys of the Fe-B-Ni system.
(2) The Fe-B quarternary alloys containing proper amounts of Nb or Mo air-cooled from the γ-region exhibited jagged and irregular interfaces. The hardness of the structure with these interfaces was higher than that of the polygonal ferrite formed in an annealing condition.
(3) In the Fe-B quarternary alloys water-quenched from the γ-region, the acicular structure supersaturated with boron appeared. This structure was formed more easily with increasing austenitizing temperature, and moreover the hardness of the alloys increased linearly with it.
(4) By tempering after water-quenching, Fe-B quarternary alloys exhibited high resistance to softening up to 500°∼600°C and a slight peak of hardness at 500°∼600°C. At about 700°C the hardness fell rapidly to a level of polygonal ferrite, and this was associated with recrystallization of matrix and coalescence and growth of the precipitates.
(5) Some Fe-B quarternary alloys air-cooled and quench-tempered had a high tensile strength of 55∼65 kg/mm2; especially, Fe-0.1%B-3%Ni-0.55%Nb alloys showed excellent strength, ductility and toughness.View full abstractDownload PDF (2881K)
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