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Volume 16, Issue 10
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Isao Gokyu, Hideo Abé, Sirô Kohara1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 529-533
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were carried out to investigate lattice distortion of alminum single crystals by cold rolling,using X-ray. The specimens used were high purity alumnium (99.9%) of two kinds of initial orientation. They were cold rolled with various reductions(3.7∼34.0%)and annealed at low temperatures (300°C and 400°C). The usual X-ray diffraction method was employed. Method of analysis of crystal lattice distortion from Laue photographs was considered in detail, and deformation and recovery of cold-rolled aluminum single crystals were studied. During cold rolling process, the change of Laue spots to a discrete set of smaller ones could be observed. During recovery process, the changes of Laue spots were various, namely, coalescence of smaller spots, break-up to smaller ones and change of orientation could be observed. It should be noticed that the axes of bending and of break-up were [112] or the axis perpendicular to the slip direction, and changes of Laue spot during recovery process were also related with [112] axis.View full abstractDownload PDF (724K) -
Isao Gokyu, Hideo Abe1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 534-537
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent years, the relation between cold rolling texture and recrystallization one in many metals has been brought to light and a number of experiments have been reported. However, the origin of recrystallization texture has been an unknown problem. A number of theories was proposed to explain it, but none of them could do it satisfactorily. The oriented growth hypothesis of recrystallization textures have been offered recently. Although recent experiments seem to confirm this hypothesis, many problems which are difficult to rationalize on the basis of oriented growth can be pointed out. We offered “elastic deformability hypothesis”for the origin of cubically aligned texture.Since Young’s modulus depends on crystal orientation, we tried to explain the formation of (100)[001] texture in metals using orientation dependence of elastic deformability. Although the new hypothesis is not complete, the origin of cubically aligned texture can successfully be explained.View full abstractDownload PDF (877K) -
S. Murai, H. Watanabe, T. Shibano1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 538-541
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe grain growth of metals has been discussed generally by Vorgel and other authors. On the grain growth of Zn a few studies have been already reported by G. Masing and other authors, but we have studied especially the effect of Ni on the grain growth of Zn. The specimens were made of electrolytic Zn containing 0∼1.77%Ni and these samples were rolled with the reduction of 49.8%. We have measured the grain size and hardness of the samples which were quenched after 1 hr annealing at each temp. of 100°, 200°, 300°, 350° and 400°. The results were as follows: (a) Abnormal grain growth was observed at 300∼350°, and change of hardness followed. (b) By addition of Ni, the abnormality at 300∼350° was controlled, and the ability was almost stopped at 1.07%Ni. The softening period displaced from the range of temp. less than 100° to the range of 100∼200°,and the growth was weaken up gradually by the addition Ni.(c) The proper content of Ni to controll the abnormal growth of Zn at 300∼350° was about 1%.View full abstractDownload PDF (1188K) -
Goro Shimaoka, Kichizo Niwa1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 541-545
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe specimens of steel containing 0.675%As and 0.12%C were heat-treated at 1100∼1200° for 1/2∼15 hrs in atm. The structures of surface oxides, oxide-base metal interface and base metal itself of each specimen were examined by electron diffraction reflection method.(1) In the case of heat treatment for 1/2∼3 hrs., the surface oxide layers consisted of α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO, and when these oxides were removed, FeO-base metal interface consisted of α-Fe. In the case of quenched specimen after heat treatment for 6 hrs,the diffraction pattern from FeO-base metal interface region was several diffuse rings overlapped by weak arcs of α-Fe. In these cases As enriched in the surface must be present in α-Fe lattice as solid soln. (2) In the case of heat treatment for 10∼15 hrs, the diffraction pattern from FeO-base metal interface region was α-Fe type spots accompanied by several extra rings,which were not observed in base metal itself. For identification of these extra rlngs,the interface region was oxidized at 1100° for 1 min and oxide-base metal interface was examined again. The clear pattern corresponding to Fe2As crystal was obtained. Thus,it was found that the fine crystals of Fe2As, resulting from enrichment of As, precipitated in the surface region. (3) From these results, the mechanism of enrichment of As was explained as follows: high temp. oxidation of these specimens is accelerated by higher diffusion rate of Fe ions through the surface oxide layers, while diffusion rate of As ions is very low; consequently, As ions must be resided and enriched in the oxide-base metal interface region as a result of selective oxidation.View full abstractDownload PDF (738K) -
Yûkô Mitani, Takashi Kobayashi1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 545-546
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy case hardening depth of hardened layer is almost constant. However, by induction surface hardening the depth can easily be changed. Long heating makes it deep and short heating makes it shallow. Recently the fatigue tests of induction hardened steel were put into practice by Teramae and Makino, which show the relationship between fatigue strength and depth of hardened layer, the curve having a peak which indicates the maximum fatigue strength. It is said that the internal stress of surface gives good effects on fatigue strength,so the relationship between fatigue strength and depth of hardened layer must correspond to that of internal stress and the depth. In this paper author described the internal stress of induction hardened steels which had different depth of hardened layer.View full abstractDownload PDF (255K) -
Masao Homma, Yasuhiko Hashimoto1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 547-551
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of chemical composition and cooling velocity on the structure of cast iron which is closely related to its oxygen content has been discussed.
Spheroidal kish graphite was easily produced in hypereutectic alloy when it was effectively deoxidized. The results are summerized in Table 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (1136K) -
Namio Kawashima, Yuzo Nakamura1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 552-555
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
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Yoshikazu Hosoi1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 555-560
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the 99.94%Sn,99.85%Al and electrolytic Cu, the equilibrium diagram of Al-Cu-Sn system has been examined by means of thermal (inverse rate method) and microscopic analyses. In the first report, the results obtained are as follows: (1) Although each binary alloys are completely miscible in the liquid state, there is a wide roop range in a concentration triangle of which the alloys are not completely miscible in the liquid state. (2) After two layers separation, these alloys crystallize in the various phases of Al-Cu system (w, θ, η, ε and δ) and these crystallization points were studied. (3) The form of liquidus surface and microstructural ranges of primary crystals outside the two layers separation range were studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (1133K) -
Hidehiro Gotô, Yachiyo Kakita1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 560-563
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe determination of a very small amount of antimony in various kinds of metals was studied: Antimony was extracted by amylacetate after reaction with methyl violet in hydrochloric acid solution and then determined with photometric method.
Antimony in copper,lead, zinc, cadmium, bismuth, nickel and iron was determined with this method after one or two separations by which antimony was coprecipitated with manganic acid in acid solution. Antimony in tin was reduced by iron at first and separated with above method, and then determined.View full abstractDownload PDF (541K) -
Hidekiyo Asai1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 564-567
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSContact faculties of silver-cadmium, coppe-cadmium and silver-copper alloys were tested in the circuit of 6 V 1 A with inductance (L=2.4 mH). The contact properties of silver-cadmium alloy whose composition was in the range of α solid solution, and silver-copper alloy in which copper was less than eutectic composition, were both less inferior to that of pure silver. On the other hand,the contact efficiency of copper was deteriorated by the addition of cadmium.View full abstractDownload PDF (902K) -
Hiroshi Tanaka1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 567-571
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
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Minoru Yohda1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 571-574
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the results of experiment carried out on regenerated pig iron, the author has considered the effects of the volume, the pressure and the temperature of the blast on the amount of the tapped iron and the slag,and also on the C and the Si contents of the products. From this consideration,it may be concluded that the temperature rise in the furnace is essentially important to obtain high efficiency and good products, and that this agrees well with the results of the statistical analysis of the same experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (437K) -
Yônosuke Wakamoto, Kunio Okabayashi1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 574-578
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn general,the hardening of cast iron has not so far been applied practically, because of its various troublesome factors,chemical compositions, microstructures and mechanical properties. Recently, Induction Surface Hardening has been used widely for steel. There are, however,few application to cast iron due to the difficulties accompaning its hardening. Therefore, the authors studied the hardening of cast iron, especially, Induction Surface Hardening to clarify these points and many phenomenas accompanying them. First, we investigated the hardness,hardened depth and strain of various cast irons. In these experiments, the higher input and the longer heating time were,the more Retained Austenite increased, subsequently, surface hardness dropped and the maximum hardness was displaced to inside layer (Fig. 1∼3). Quenching hardness was maximum at 850° in the case of ordinary quenching,but dropped in the range of high temperature, because of increased Retained Austenite (Fig. 4). Pearlite matrix is most desirable,for the combined carbon in matrix has remarkable influence upon the hardenability. As the size of graphite became smaller and more grobular, the quenching hardness of cast iron increased.
From these points of view,Nodular Graphite Cast Iron treated with Mg has not only the best hardenability (Fig. 5∼8),but also the least strain (Fig. 9∼10).View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
Takuichi Morinaga, Hiroshi Hagihara, Masao Ikeda, Shigetaka Kashima1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 578-580
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Japan,the rice-bran open mould is used in the manafacture of wrought brass mill because the yield is increased as compared with an ordinary metal mould employed in making a large slab. A slight amount of unevenness and oxidation occurs on the surface of the melted in a mould. This surface,however,is never to be a casting fault,like oxide inclusions and gas cavities produced by a metal mould. In spite of the fact that rice-bran mould is widely used in small-scaleed plants of our country, studies on the said mould have not yet been carried out systematically. In the present paper, the authors treated this problem. (1) The stability of a mould is affected by moisture,hardness and amount of new bran added. (2) The permeability of a mould is affected by moisture and the property is improved in the case of moderate moisture and new mixture of bran. (3) The strength of a mould is affected by moisture rather than by the amount of new bran added.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Shigeru Yonezaki1952 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 581-584
Published: 1952
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author has developed the polarographic method to be applied to anslysis of some metals which are commonly associated.
In summarizing the results, the following conclusions were obtained:
(1) Cu in iron ore,pyrite cinder and sintered ore was determined by the ammoniacal supporting electrolyte containing ammonium chloride after treating the sample (<200 mesh) with aqua regia. Time required for the analysis was about 3 min after decomposing samples.
(2) From an aliquot of the sulfuric acid solution of babbit metal metal,Sb and Cu (superposed on Bi) were determined and then from another aliquout of the same solution, Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn and Co were determined on the same polarogram the ammoniacal solution containing ammonium chloride. Bi was determined by comparing two Cu values obtained by the different kinds of method mentioned above. Pb was determined in the NaOH solution and Fe was determined in the alkaline citrate solution after the elimination of hydrogen sulfide groupions. Time required for the total analysis was about 3 hours.
(3) On the determination of Zn coated on galvanized iron,polarographic method in ammoniacal supporting electrolyte containing ammonium chloride was recommended and 1×10−5 g/cm2 of Zn could be measured.
Time required for the analysis was about 25 min.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K)
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