[in Japanese]

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Case 1. Female aged 18 years. On examination, a hemispherical hardish tumor was felt at the right side of mesopharynx. The diffuse swelling of the right side of the neck was also noticed. A biopsy of the tumor proved it to be neurinoma of Antoni A type. Under general anaesthesia, the tumor was removed via lateral cervical portion without any difficulty.
Case 2. Female aged 38 years. Pharyngoscopy showed a smooth, hard swelling on the right side of the posterior wall of pharynx, which reached as far as the level of arytenoide cartilage. Histologically, the tumor was neurinoma. The removal of the tumor was very easily carried out by lateral approach.
Case 3. Female aged 33 years. On examination, a hemispherical swelling behind the right posterior pillar was seen. The overlying mucosa was intact. Surgical excision was made via lateral cervical portion. Histologically, the tumor was also neurinoma.
Case 4. Female aged 43 years. On examination, a hemispherical dark-blue tumor with soft consistence was observed. No pulsation was felt there. The tumor was explored by lateral approach without success, but was easily enucleated with per-oral approach. It was diagnosed haemangioma.
Case 5. Female aged 19 months. On examination, a swelling was seen in the center of lingual tonsil. The greater part of the tumor was excised under general anesthesia. Even on histological examination, it could be decided to be neither heterotopic goiter nor retention cyst of mucous gland.

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In order to clear the function of the otolith organs, experimental studies were made of the electromyogram on the reflex and action potentials of the utricular nerve to the linear acceleration, the electronmicroscopical fine structure, and the anatomical three-dimensional structure in the cranium.
On the basis of these studies, the following conclusions were obtained:
1) the saccular and utricular macula will form a quarter of the entire area of the surface of an ovoid body from a viewpoint of the structural function.
2) they receive the linear acceleration perpendicular to their surface, pressure and pulling, especially the former being more effective.
3) and they work through mutual co-operation to receive linear acceleration from all directions.

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Im Zeitraum zwischen April 1956 und Dezember 1965 haben wir 20 von 35 Fällen (21 Männer und 14 Frauen) mit malignösen Tumoren des Epipharynx behandelt. Die Patienten haben allgemein 6 Monate nach dem Auftreten der Initialsymptome unsere Poliklinik besucht. Die Initialsymptome bestanden aus Ohren-(49%), Nasen-(31%) und Rachensymptomen (17%) sowie aus Halsschwellung (26%) und Hirnnervensymptomen (6%).
Histologisch waren die Tumoren von 27 Fällen epitheliare und bei den übrigen 8 Fällen nichtepitheliare.
Wir konnten nur 20 von 35 Fällen aufnehmen und behandeln. Davon wurden 13 Fälle mittels Strahlen, 6 Fälle durch Operation und Strahlen und 1 Fall durch Operation, Strahlen und chemotherapeutische Mittel behandelt. Von 20 Patienten konnten wir später 15 Patienten brieflich erreichen. Die Untersuchung ergab, daß von den 15 Patienten nur 3 über 3 Jahre lebten.

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The author experienced four cases of laryngo-tracheal trauma.
The first case was successfully treated with vitamin B₁ and steroid hormons. The second case which had a fracture of cricoid cartilage underwent an operation by means of skintransplantation. But it was not successful, so that the patient must undergo laryngectomy.
The third and fourth cases, suffering from chronic trachealstenosis by scar, underwent the end-to-end anastomosis of trachea with good results.
The method of operation in the last two cases were as follows:
The lower part of trachea was stripped off from mediastinum. Then, M. thyreohyoideus and M. constrictor pharyngis inferior were respectively amputated. So larynx and trachea became removable. The stenosis part of trachea was amputated and the end-to-end anastomosis was done.
The author tried this method in two stages, which enabled the amputation of trachea extending 5.8cm, making the anastomosis successful. After this operation the author inserted a stent with cuff in the part of anastomosis for three weeks.
The end-to-end anastomosis of trachea is most recommended in case of tracheal stenosis.

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A case of teratoma arisen from the right epipharynx in a newborn infant, 10 hours old, was reported. The tumor was resected operatively and the size of which was about the tip of thumb. It was histologically diagnosed as a dermoid forming the epidermis, corium and subcutaneous tissue.

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A case of rhinopathia gangraenosa progressiva, which had successfully been cured with ⁶⁰Co radiation and chemotherapeutic agents, was reported.
A woman, 69 years of age, was first seen by one of us on 31, 10, 1966. Her chief complaint was the hyperemic tumor of the left ala nasi.
Historically, syphilis and allergic constitution were told by herself. She had been suffering from the foul crusts in her nasal cavities since 6 years before. No rhinological treatments had been effective. She had also complained of epistaxis, nasal discharge, nasal obstruction and paresthesia of the pharynx.
On examinations, loss of weight and continuous fever were found. The nasal cavities were covered with large foul crusts, especially the left nasal cavity was almost closed. The left ala nasi was swelling with hyperemia.
The pathological examination of her made a diagnosis of rhinopathia gangraenosa progressiva.
Treatments were started with ⁶⁰Co radiation (50 r a day for 75 days), anticancer agents, antibiotics, adrenocortical hormones and vitamin B₁. They were effective enough to heal the patient.

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The first case was a 15 year old female, who was shot by air-gun and a slug was found in the borders of the lamina mediana ossis ethmoidis and the vomer.
The second case was 11 year old male, of whom many hunting gunshots were found in the comparatively extensive area of the whole left paranasal sinuses, the zygomatic region of the face, the lower side of the mouth cavity and the fossa pterygo-palatina.
The last case was 30 year old male, from the inner part of whose nasal cavity, two pieces of glass were removed.
The authors emphasized the necessity of radical operation of the nasal sinuses in the treatment of those cases.

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The author made a concise mention of the recent developement in phoniatrics and logopedics, referring to many reports which had been published since 1964.
In the anatomic sphere, the innervation of the laryngeal muscles in relation to the function of voice is one of the most interesting problems. The regulating mechanism of voice has been investigated using various methods: electro-myogra-phy, high-speed cinematography, aerodynamic measurements, laryngography, etc. As to the mechanism of articulation, the similar methods have been adopted. Now is the time to make a summary of various results obtained through different methods. And in Japan, the collaborative study on clinical examination methods of voice disorder has been conducted since 1966.
About the clinical problems, hoarseness, laryngeal paralysis, cleft palate speech, dysarthria were dealt with.

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