The author investigated the effect of some drugs on the acoustic threshold with conditioned dogs.
Experiments were carried out on 4 mongrel dogs, 1-2 year old and weighing 7-10 kg. As conditioned stimuli, pure tone of 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz were given through a loud speaker in a sound proof chamber. As unconditioned stimuli, electro-shock (E. S.) of DC 15-360 volt (0.1-5.0mA) was given on the hind leg using silver-plate electrode. The dogs were trained to respond by raising their leg against pure tone stimuli. Conditioning was perfected by training for 8-12 weeks except for intermission owing to inhibition.
The acoustic threshold point was decided by increasing and decreasing method. By observation for one month, the changes of acoustic threshold when they had no application of drugs were measured as in Table 1.
The arithmetic means and standard deviations of acoustic threshold on each dog were calculated (Table 2). It was confirmed that 90% of obtained acoustic thresholds were included in the limits of 15 dB centered around the arithmetic mean. The alterations of means in 95% fiducial limits were ±3.5 dB at maximum, therefore, the acoustic thersholds obtained through the conditioning method were reliable enough.
The application of drugs was performed by subcutaneous injection in the nape of dogs, in all cases, and before and after application the acoustic threshold was measured on them. The threshold changed less than 5 dB within 15 minutes when they had no application of drugs and after the administration of 1 ml of isotonic sodium chloride. And this value was equal to the change of threshold even when no dealing was made.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) Adrenalin HCI 0.02-0.03mg/kg
In all cases, the acoustic threshold ascended in middle and high frequency ranges. And those changes were at 10-15 dB (Fig. 6).
2) Acetylcholine Chloride 2.0-2.8mg/kg
The changes of acoustic threshold were elevated in all frequency ranges.
Especially, elevation of threshold was remarkable at frequencies higher than 4000Hz (Fig. 7).
3) Pilocarpine HC1 0.1-0.14mg/kg
The changes of acoustic threshold gathered in normal alteration zone. The effect of this drug to each dog were uncertain (Fig. 8).
4) Atropine Sulf. 0.02-0.03mg/kg
It was found out that atropine had the increasing tendency of acoustic threshold at all frequencies in great part of cases (Fig. 9).
5) Tolazoline 1.0-1.4mg/kg
The acoustic thresholds were lowered at all frequencies, especially in higher frequency ranges (Fig. 10).
6) Papaverine HCI 1.0-2.0mg/kg
At all frequencies, especially higher than 1000 Hz, the acoustic thrsholds descended (Fig. 12).
7) Nicotinic acid 2.0-2.8mg/kg
The alterations of acoustic threshold by application of nicotinic acid were little (Fig. 13, 14).
8) Kallikrein 0.2-1.4 U/kg
Kallikrein had no significant effect on the acoustic threshold (Fig. 15).
9) ATP 0.5-0.75mg/kg
ATP had no effect on the acoustic threshold (Fig. 16).
10) Acetazolamide (Diamox) 10-14mg/kg
At all frequencies, the acoustic thresholds were dropped (Fig. 17).
The results of this study were to discuss about the effect of drugs regarding to the conditioned response.
Adrenalin, Acetylcholine and Atropine elevated the acoustic threshold in the conditioned dogs.
Tolazoline, Papaverine and Acetazolamide lowered the acoustic threshold.
Nicotinic acid, Kallikrein and ATP had no influences on the threshold.
Pilocarpine produced uncertain alterations of acoustic threshold in the conditioned dogs.
The author observed the cochlear blood circulation in the slightly anesthesized dogs by means of the impedance plethysmography. This method is based upon the principle that changes in the blood volume in given part cause changes in electrical impedance in same portion.

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To avoid the recrudescence and postoperative unsightly deformity, the obliterative operation of the frontal sinus cavity with such materials as autogenous bone or adipose tissue is excellent. But this method has few disadvantages. Possibly the most important is that the patient must have the bone or adipose tissue removed from himself. Occasionaly, when the cavity is too large, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient quantity of them. To obviate these drawbacks, author attempted the obliterative frontal sinus operation using 0.1% Merthiolate preserved homogenous and deproteinized heterogenous bone experimentally and continued to the clinical application.
The conclusions were as follows;
1) The establishment of functional bone reformation was evident 8 months after obliteration with 0.1% Merthiolate preserved homogenous bone and 6 months after with deproteinized heterogenous bone histologically.
2) Foreign body reaction and inflammatory reaction were not evident in both, histologically.
3) The rate of increase in bone-collagen were parallel with the findings of the histological observation, polarizing microscopically.
4) The frontal sinuses on 49 sides of 36 patients with chronic suppurative sinusitis were operated on using 0.1% Merthiolate preserved homogenous bone and 10 sides of 10 patients with deproteinized heterogenous bone. Most cases healed primarily withoat incident and the postoperative courses were uneventful, except few which infected postoperatively.
5) In 1 case which transplanted 0.1 % Merthiolate preserved homogenous bone, the possibility of antigen-antibody reaction was suggested, but its influence was not evident clinically. No antigen-antibody reaction was recognized in the cases with deproteinized heterogenous bone.
6) Utility of preserved homogenous and deproteinized heterogenous bone instead of autogenous bone and adipose tissue were proved.

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Subglottic pressure was registered on oscillographic paper during utterance of Japanese monosyllables. A pressure transducer was connected to the subglottic space with a puncture needle or a tracheal cannula. It was hooked up with a carrier amplifier which was then coupled with a galvanic oscillograph. The audio signal was recorded on both a tape recorder and another channel of the oscillograph simultaneously.
The results are summarized as the followings:
1) In normal subjects the subglottic pressure began to rise prior to the onset of the audio signal. The maximum pressure was from 10 to 18cm H20. No marked fluctuation or sudden change in the pressure was found except for a temporary drop for the transient from voiceless consonant to vowel.
2) In pathological cases the subglottic pressure was often fluctuated. Not infrequently, it continued elevating until the end of syllable.
3) The maximum pressure in recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis varied considerably from case to case.
4) The subglottic pressure was extremely high in case of laryngeal cancer, especially in case with extensive invasion of carcinoma which involved the vocal cord Cs).
5) The pressure was inordinately great also in cases of partial laryngectomy where the vocal cord had been replaced with scar tissue. The size of pressure depended upon the type and extent of surgery.
6) Skillful users of esophageal speech kept the pressure below the neoglottis without remarkable alteration throughout, whereas untrained speakers presented an initial high pressure followed by a sudden drop-out.

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Influences of blockade of the lymphatic vessels upon the lymph flow and the peripheral tissue were studied with the auricle of rabbits.
All the lymphatic vessels were ligated at the root of the auricle on one side. The ligature caused edematous swelling of the auricle which lasted for about one week. In one third of the animals, atrophy of the auricle was resulted: The auricle became shorter as if its tip had been cut off.
Scintigrams with 198Au showed that the injected ¹⁹⁸Au colloid in the auricle was inhibited to leave the auricle. Examination of lymph stream with patentblue and phenol sulfonphtalein also revealed that the lymph flow from the operated auricle was severely disturbed.
In seven of thirty-one auricles, the lymphatic system was re-established in at least three months.

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