Some early auditory physiologists confirmed the tiny changes of the auditory threshold soon after the exposure to the tones of moderate intensities. When the endorgan is stimulated from sound it follows three stages in diminution of sensitivity, as adaptation, fatigue, and damage. The former twos are usually reversible, however the third is not. The inner ear is developed embryologically from the ectoderm. It resembles to the integrated receptors of tactil sense and reacts to the tone waves as mechanical stimulation. The author et al. used the microvibration of the body surface (MV) through the pickup on the thenar eminence as a method of an objective hearing test (1958). We introduced the intimate relationship between the sympathetic nervous function and the auditory function. Therefore we found the noise protective type and noise impairing type by means of adrenalin test. Noise susceptibility should be based upon the individual disposition. On the other hand we observed occurrence of sudden-deafness as an acquired type of susceptibility. Discussing the noise susceptibility, it would be preferable to attach much importance of the biological audiology

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Various types of traumatic injuries of the middle ear structures can be caused by either direct or indirect forces through the external auditory canal, auditory tube, and by forces transmitted indirectly through the skull. Diagnosis of middle ear injuries should be established by precise history taking, audiological tests, x-ray examinations including polytomography and high resolution CT. The most common trauma of the middle ear is perforation of the tympanic membrane due to blunt trauma, penetrating injury or barotrauma. Traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane tend to heal rapidly but the long standing perforations can be repaired by surgery or by cauterization with several kinds of patches. Discontinuity of the ossicular chain is not always readily diagnosed. However, in any doubt of ossicular injuries surgical exploration of the middle ear must be considered. The methods of repair should be versatile in order for continuity to be re-established. Rupture of the inner ear windows can be caused by even minor traumas such as head concussion, baratrauma, sneezing or coughing. Exploration of the middle ear cavity is mandatory and sealing of the ruptured round and oval window have been recommended.

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It is possible that traumatic leaking labyrinth lensions (LLL) including cerebrospinal fluid leakage are more common than generally recognized. This diseased conditions are resulted from various head injuries, penetrating trauma to ears, barotrauma, noise trauma and so on. This report is a discussion of the nomenclature, etiology, differential diagnosis and management of LLL in showing such a representative case. It is felt that there must be more or less considerable damages of the intralabyrinthine structures to explain the clinical pictures of LLL.

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Seventeen cases receiving optic canal decompression surgery in our clinic were analyzed. All of the cases had visual disturbances after the accidents and showed wounds in their eye brows laterally. X-ray findings revealed fractures of optic canal in ten cases. After transethmoidal removal of medial wall of the optic canal within 21 days after the injuries, effective return of their vision were obtained in a half of the cases.

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There exists a difficulty of measuring the traumatic nasal deformity in detail with accuracy. The authors have developped a simplified and less expensive method to measure deformed external nose by applying the light onto the nasal dorsum region and analyzing the light-reflex obtained. The method can also provides photographs for future analysis.

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There are three objectives in the management of facial bone fracture: 1) restration of normal functions, 2) restration of normal appearance, 3) restration of normal occlusion, the most important item especially for oral surgeons. In this paper, the historical transition of the treatment procedures for jaw and malar bone fractures was mentioned. Wire ligatures, arch bars or splints which were applied to the teeth or skeletal parts were used for the coservative treatment of jaw fractures. For malar bone fracture, either interosseous wiring or retraction by hook was popular treatment method. But the patients were forced to stay in hospital for 4 to 6 weeks when these conventional conservative treatment were employed. Recently, regid internal fixation by using bone plates has been frequently used for the fracture of facial bone. Dynamic compression plate is suitable for rigid fixation of the mandibular bone fracture, and miniature screwed plate is widely applied for facial bone fractures. Because the rigid fixation of the bone is available by these procedures, the period of hospitalization is shortened, and the additional postoperative fixation is not necessary for such a longer time as by conservative procedures.

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An obvious result of the steadily increasing preference for motoring has been a higher incidence of traffic accidents. Accordingly, a greater number of cases presenting laryngeal trauma where the cricoid and/or thyroid cartilages have been fractured are being encountered. Moreover, these traumas sometimes indirectly result in injury of the arytenoid cartilages. We present here two cases of arytenoid injuries which were secondary to compression of the laryngeal framework and were cured by plastic surgery. The chief complaint in these cases was that of hoarseness. The causes were clarified during the operations to be dislocation of the cricoarytenoid joint in one case and fixation of the same joint in the other. While the operations appeared to be successful, repositioning of the cricoarytenoid joint did not hold permanently because hoarseness again became a problem even after as long as two years of good status. On the other hand, resection of the diseased vocal process was an adequate and simple method of approach in dealing with the fine movable joints.

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A case of an unusual penetrating foreign body in the neck was herein presented. The patient was seen with an only complaint of soreness in his neck after fell down from 2 m high tree. Two weeks later the accident, a tiny infected fistula appeared in his anterior neck right sided. An exploratory surgery was conducted and a bamboo sliver 6.5 cm long was found imbedded in his neck. Traumatic foreign bodies in the head and neck regions appeared in the previous reports were dicrussed further

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We presented a patient (57 yaers old, male) who had injuries of the anterior part of the neck including larynx, trachea, unilateral common carotid and vertebral arteries by the industrial accident. The patient died 6 days after the injury due to a thrombosis in the vertebral artery. Postmortum autopsy revealed the presence of thrombi not only in the vertebral artery but also in the common carotid artery, and they were caused by traumatic hyperextension of the neck during the accident. The present case indicates the necessity of paying an attention to the presence of thrombosis when treating a patient with traumatic neck injury.

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Traumatic penetrating and blunt injuries of the neck are a not uncommon cause of morbidity and mortality. Literature regarding the care of such injuries, however, is scarce in otorhinolaryngology. This report attempt to discuss the recent advance in taking care of neck injuries and lays stress on important role of otrhinolaryngologist in this field.

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