Because of a low cure rate, little attention has been paid to facial deformity after surgical treatments of carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. After the Satoh's combined therapy had been adopted, the primary cure rate of the disease has been greatly increased in our clinic. In contrast to Satoh's excellent results of the combined therapy only, however, further surgery, such as total or partial maxillectomy, following the combined therapy has been necessary in the majority of our cases. The situation brought us a necessity to make some efforts to minimize facial deformity after the surgery which is of a great disadvantage to the patients in their social activities.
On the basis of cosmetic assessments in forty postoperative cases, causative and preventive factors of the facial deformity were investigated in the present investigation. The results led us to the following conclusions
1. Total maxillectomy results in a greater deformity than partial maxillectomy.
2. Removal of the inferior, especially the latero-inferior bony wall of the orbit causes a downward displacement of the eye ball and the lower eye lid, which is prevented by producing a support with a septal flap at the floor of the orbit.
3. A retraction of the cheek and an upward displacement of the nasal wing and the corner of the mouth are frequently resulted from maxillectomy. They are prevented to a great extent by skin grafting on the wound of the cheek.
4. After skin grafting, compact packing is essential to keep the face from being deformed. Several pieces of T-P gauze are useful for this purpose until the wound is completely lined with epithelium. Prosthesis should be applied after the wound has been lined.

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During the period from 1960 to 1971 three cases of carcinoma of the bilateral maxillary sinuses were treated at our clinic.
Case 1. A forty-three-year-old female suffered from carcinoma of the bilateral maxillary sinuses with an interval of seven years. The first carcinoma was developed on the right side and treated with partial maxillectomy successfully. The second malignancy on the left side was treated also successfully with a combined therapy which consisted of radiation, chemotherapy and necrotomy followed by partial maxillectomy. Histological examinations revealed squamous cell carcinoma on the both sides.
Case 2. A fifty-two-year-old female suffered from cancer of the right maxillary sinus in 1958 and received total maxillectomy at another university hospital. No information of histological findings was available. After the interval of twelve years she developed carcinoma of the left maxillary sinus in 1970. The second neoplasm was treated with a combined therapy followed by total maxillectomy. Histological examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma. She died of pulmonary disease fourteen months after the surgery.
Case 3. A forty-seven-year-old male developed carcinoma of the bilateral maxillary sinuses with an interval of about three months. No direct continuity between the two malignancies was found clinically. A combined therapy followed by surgery was given on each side. Histological examinations revealed squomous cell carcinoma bilaterally.
On the basis of careful analysis of the history, clinical findings and histological evidences, we concluded that in the first two cases each carcinoma was developed independently hence primary multiple malignant neoplasms. It was not able to determine whether the bilateral malignancies were independent each other or not in the third case.

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1. Sixty-two cases of tumor of the tongue treated in ENT department of medical school during 1962-1971 were classified into 4 groups depending upon the location and size of tumor.(A) less than 1.5 cm and limited to the margin of tongue.(B) more than 1.5cm and limited to the tongue.(C) extending to floor of the mouth.(D) located on the pharyngeal tongue.
2. Survival rate over 2 years in A group was about 77%, but in B, C, D groups was under 20%.
3. The clinical factors influencing on prognosis of cancer of the tongue were the size and location of primary tumor and the presence of cervical metastasis.
4. It was suggested that prophylactic neck dissection in the cases of B, C, D groups were neccessary to obtain the better survival rate.
5. Neck dissection should be done under the complete control of primary tumors.

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In 1971 Morimitsu et al reported on the effects of sodium chloride crystals administered on the round window membrane upon the cochlear microphonics which were recorded from the basal turn of the cochlea of guinea pigs with differential electrodes technique. The amplitude of CM after the administration of NaCl-crystals showed changes in a regular pattern which is composed of an initial overshoot, a primary decrease, a recovery and a secondary decrease. It was considered that the action of NaCl-crystals should be affected by the permeability of the round window membrane, the production and absorption of the inner ear fluids and the vulnerability of the organ of Corti by the biophysical changes of the fluids.
In order to clarify the mechanism ofthese changes of CM and the effects of sympathomimetic and sympathoplegic drugs in the cochlea, the changes of CM modified by NaCl-crystals were observed after the intravenous injection of the following drugs; norepinephrine, isoproterenol, epinephrine, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol. The α-receptor stimulant (norepinephrine) prolonged the initial overshoot and depressed the grade of the primary decrease of CM, but did not influence the grade, of the secondary decrease. The β-receptor stimulant (isoproterenol) depressed the grades of both decreases and therefore the recovery after the primary decrease was complete. The α-receptor blockade (phenoxybenzamine) caused a slight decrease of CM prior to the initial overshoot, and depressed the grades of both decreases. The β-receptor blockade (propranolol) acted to depress the grade of the primary decrease of CM, but did not influence the grade of the secondary decrease. The α-β-receptor stimulant (epinephrine) caused a slight decrease of CM prior to the initial overshoot and influenced so as to depress the both decreases. The action of epinephrine showed a slight resemblance to that of the 13-receptor stimulant. The results obtained showed that the β-receptor stimulant and the α-receptor blockade have a favorable effect on the reactivation of the homeostatic processes govering the labyrinthine fluids and have a effect to minimize the irreversible damage of the organ of Corti occurring after the placement of NaCl-crystals. Considering different actions between α-receptor acting drugs and the β-receptor acting drugs, it is suspected that the sympathetic nerves in the cochlea also consist of the a and β-receptor which act in a sense antagonistic. As the several possible mechanisms of the actions of these drugs, an effect on the permeability of the blood vessels of the cochlea and of the round window membrane besides an effect on the cochlear blood flow was considered. Furthermore, an effect on the sympathetic nerve which was recognized in the basilar

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In order to know the state of the mastoid cavity after tympanoplasty, tympanomastoidgraphy was attempted in a normal and four post-tympanoplastic subjects successfully. The contrast medium (60% urographin) was introduced into the tympanomastoid space through a polyethylene tube which had been inserted in the Eustachian tube. X-ray photography was done with the Schuller's method. In the normal subject, the test revealed the contrast medium in the mastoid cells as well as in the tympanum. In three cases of the postoperative cases, the tympanomastoidgraphy revealed a communication between the mastoid cavity and the Eustachian tube. The mastoid cavity appeared to be isolated from the tube or to be filled with connective tissue in one postoperative case.
No unfavorable effect occurred in any case at all.
The results indicate that tympanomastoidgraphy is useful in determining the postoperative state of the mastoid cavity.

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Briggs et al reported that the administration of vitamin A showed a successful result in the treatment of anosmia. We also treated the patients with neurogenic anosmia with vitamin A. Sixteen patients, in which twenty-eight nasal sides of them showed neurogenic anosmia, were given orally 15, 000 I. U. of vitamin A per day for three to six months. Twenty nasal sides out of twenty-eight (71%) recovered olfaction after three to six months of the medication.

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The treatment and prognosis of sudden deafness were discussed. Twenty-six cases were analysed from the following clinical standpoints; age, sex, cause of onset, major symptoms, audiogram types, methods of treatment, recovery forms and prognosis. Factors concerning prognosis of sudden deafness were also discussed. The importance of early treatment was emphasized for prognosis of hearing. The improvement of hearing was observed in sixteen cases of sudden deafness of which treatment was started from the onset. However, the improvement of hearing was observed in only one ear in ten cases of which treatment was started more than fifteen days after the onset.
In various therapeutic methods, the effect of low molecular dextran and steroid were most remarkable. Follow up study of audiogram types was useful to assess the clinical picture and prognosis of this disease. The patient with flat type of audiogram showed good prognosis.

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The objective of this study is to investigate the relation between the otolith organ and nystagmus. The observation of eye movement on linear acceleration which was induced by parallel swing were performed in twenty normal subjects and in forty-nine cases with peripheral vestibular disorders.
The parallel swing was performed under the conditions of 3.3 seconds in one cycle, 70cm in amplitude, and 114cm/sec² in the maximum acceleration. Vestibular nystagmus in the parallel swing was observed in the opened eyes in the dark, and optokinetic nystagmus was observed in the opened eyes in the light. The following results were obtained.
1. Paralled swing in normal subjects.
a) The parallel swing for the opened eyes in the dark induced nystagmus in seven out of twenty subjects. However, these seven cases showed no abnormality on caloric test and on spontaneous nystagmus test. Therefore, it is most possible that nystagmus was induced by the parallel swing because of the presence of latent differences between the functions of right and left labyrinth even in normal individuals. b) Compensatory eye deviation induced by parallel swing was more easily observed in the closed eyes in the dark than in the opened eyes in the dark. c) The parallel swing performed on the opened eyes in the light induced optokinetic nystagmus accompanied by vestibular stimulation.
2. Parallel swing in cases with peripheral vestibular disorders.
a) Nystagmus was newly induced by parallel swing in seventeen out of twenty-six cases with the absence of spontaneous nystagmus. On the other hand, sixteen out of twenty-three cases with the presence of spontaneous nystagmus showed an increase in the amplitude or the frequency of nystagmus. There were two types of the nystagmus observed during parallel swing, unidirectional and bidirectional, and the former was more frequ ently observed than the latter during the stage when central compensation was insuf ficient. b) Abnormal optokinetic nystagmus was more frequently seen in optokinetic nystagmus accompanied by vestibular stimulation which was caused by parallel swing than in optokinetic nystagmus not accompanied by vestibular stimulation. It was conclud ed to be the result of the promoted imbalance of oculomotor system. c) The directions of spontaneous nystagmus, DP of optokinetic nystagmus and nystagmus during parallel swing agreed in a number of cases. d) There were no differences in the results of the parallel swing test between four cases with disorder of the otolith organ and the group showing a 100% CP in caloric test. e) In view of the fact that the spontaneous nysta gmus which evidently originated in the semicircular canals was influenced by parallel swing, it was concluded that the nystagmus observed during parallel swing was caused not only by the otolith organ alone but by the semicircular canals.

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Vocal cord motion and its positioning in some physiologic or pathologic conditions were studied and reviewed from recent reports, with special reference to 1) factors influencing them, 2) efferent and afferent nerves of the larynx, 3) mechanophysiological properties of the laryngeal muscles, 4) the laryngeal frame-work and activities in the external laryngeal muscles, 5) respiratory activity in the internal laryngeal muscles, 6) protective reflex closure of the larynx organized by the internal laryngeal muscles, and 7) reconstruction of the laryngeal function by recurrent laryngeal nerve surgery and other techniques.

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