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Volume 40, Issue 2
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Yasuyuki TASAKA1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 109-113
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the technology for the flexible fiberscope continues to develop and progress, the opportunites to find asymptomatic epipharyangeal cysts are expected to increase. Epipharyngeal cysts are often vaguely labeled as Tornwaldt's disease. However, the definition of Tornwaldt's disease is very clear and consists of either an inflammation, a cysts or an abscess of the pharyngeal bursa which results in chronic symptoms such as headache, choanal flow, sholder stiffness and so on. The reason for the labeling confusion of Tornwaldt's disease is based on the fact that the cause of pharyngeal bursa is still unknown. In addition, such an inflammation modifies the histological figure while such symptoms are often neglected. We observed several epipharngeal cysts and examined their histologies, while emphasizing that the term Tornwaldt's disease needs to be used more precisely in the future.View full abstractDownload PDF (9384K) -
Eiko KAWASAKI, Takuya KINOSHITA, Keizou TURUHARA, Tatsuya INAMURA, Ayu ...1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 114-117
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case of mycotic rhinolithiasis with aspergillosis of the lung in a 74-year-old female is herein reported. Her chief complaint was nasal obstruction. By anterior rhinoscopy we could find a white mass which looked like a foreign body. The mass was found to be as hard as stone by palpation with a pincetle. An X-ray examination revealed a stony hard shadow in the posterior portion of the nasal cavity. Form these findings we suspected rhinolithiasis. We were able to easily remove the mass under local anesthesia and it was pathologically diagnosed to be rhinolithiasis. There have been many reports of aspergillosis of either the nose or lung, but we could not find any previous case which had been affected by aspergillus simultaneously in both the nose and the lung. Regarding this case with mycotic rhinolithiasis and aspergillosis of the lung, either complication could have been caused by the other since some aspergillus were found in the sputa.View full abstractDownload PDF (8416K) -
Shigenobu IWATA, Akihiko TAKASU, Kazuo SAKURAI, Yoshihiro IWATA, Kenji ...1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 118-122
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS36 patients (23 males and 13 females) with external laryngeal injuries were observed at our institution from 1987 to 1992. Their ages ranged from 1 to 76 years of ages. They included 7 cases with an open injury and 29 cases with a closed in jury. The external injuries were dues to blunt trauma except in 3 cases which had suffered a penetration wound. The causes of the trauma were most frequently due to motor vehicle accidents, as a result of hitting either the steering wheel or dashboard when not wearing a seatbelt in car accidents and also due to motorcycle accidents. Regarding sport related injuries, 11 patients received blunt trauma playing baseball, ice hockey, karate, gymnastics and so on. 18 patients with minimal symptoms and signs of laryngofiberscopy were managed with conservative treatment while 3 cases required operative treatment at a late phase. Surgical treatment was performed in 21 cases including chronic cases depending on the specific pathological conditions encountered, such as graulomas, stenosis and adhesion in the laryngotracheal lumen, and some cases required a reconstructive opeartion several times. A helical 3 demensional reconstructive CT scan was able to clearly demonstrate the pathological conditions of the traumatic larynx from many different view points and therefore it is considered useful when planning for recostructive operations.View full abstractDownload PDF (8453K) -
Masato MORI1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 123-133
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanisms of the various drug interactions can be divided into those of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. Pharmacokinetic interactions are due to an alteration in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of one drug by another. On the other hand, the pharmacodynamic interactions are due to the pharmacological interactions caused by the concurrent use of drugs.
(1) drug absorption interactions-Most drugs are thought to be absorbed by passive transport in the lipid-soluble form. Drug absorption is governed by the pKa of the drug and gastrointestinal pH. The absorption of tetracycline and new-quinolone are reduced by the formation of insoluble chelates with di-and trivalent metals such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+.
(2) Drug displacement interactions-The anticoagulant effect of wafarin are markedly enhanced by the concurrent use of phenylbutazone and can lead to serious bleeding. This is because warfarin and phenylbutazone are highly bound to plasma proteins and compete for the same binding sides, the free warfarin serum levels can be increased by the concurrent use of phenylbutazone.
(3) Drug metabolism interactions-The anticoagulant effects of warfarin are thus markedly reduced by the concurrent use of phenobarbital and rifampicin (enzymeinducing agents). On the other hand, the anticoagulant effects are enhanced by the concurrent use of cimetidine and disulfiram (enzyme inhibitory agents).
(4) Tubular excretion interactions-Drugs which use the same active transport system in the kidney tubules can compete with one another for secretion. The cephalosporin serum levels thus markedly increase by the use of probenecid.
(5) The inhibitory interaction on GABA receptor-Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the presence of new-quinolone antimicrobials induce convulsions via pharmacological interactions with γ-aminobuturic acid (GABA) receptor.View full abstractDownload PDF (19806K) -
a study using computed tomographyYuichiro HIGAKI1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 134-147
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDifferences in the rotation and tilt of normal human larynges were investigated in 61 adult subjects of different ages and sexes utilizing computed tomography. The subjects were divided into two age groups: a young group aged from 20 to 30 years old (YG) and old group aged from 50 to 70 years old (OG). All subfects were right handed. The results are summarized as follows:
1. The laryngeal framework, namely the thyroid cartilage (TC), was observed to be rotated to the right toward an anteroposterior axis of the vertebrae, particularly in the OG males. However, the degree of rotation of the cricoid cartilage (CG) to-ward the same axis was smaller than that of the TC in both groups of males and in the YG of females.
2. Regarding the tilt of the larynx, no remarkable difference was demonstrated with regard to age or sex.
3. In the laryngeal framework, the TC rotated to the right toward an anteroposterior axis of the CC in the OG males. It therefore appears that the main factor effecting rotation between the TC and CG is age in males.View full abstractDownload PDF (22671K) -
Masaru OYAMA, Yasuhiro MIYAZAKI, Akihiro UCHIZONO, Tetsuya SHIMA, Soik ...1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 148-165
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTemafloxacin (TMFX) evaluated for its efficacy safety, usefulness and also for its penetration into the pathological naso-sinus mucosa in paranasal sinusitis. The concentration of TMFX in the pathological naso-sinus tissues were as follows:
MAXILLARY SINUS MUCOSA; 1.10-4.85μg/g (AVARAGE RATIO* 1.83)
NASAL POLYP; 0.95-5.45μg/g (AVARAGE RATIO* 1.51)
ETHMOID SINUS MUCOSA; 1.20-3.85μg/g (AVARAGE RATIO* 1.08)
*(indicates the nasal tissue/serum)
The efficacy rates judged by the doctor in charge were 88.0% in case of acute paranasal sinusitis, 81.5% in acute exacerbated paranasal sinusitis, 55.6% in chronic paranasal sinusitis and 80.3% in all cases. The efficacy rates judged by committee were 84.0% in the acute cases, 85.2% in the exacerbated cases, 44.4% in the chronic cases and 78.7% in all cases. The bacteriological eradication rates were 94.1% in gram-positive bacteria, 92.9% in gram-negative bacteria, 100% in anaerobic bacteria and 94.3% in all bacteria. The radiological efficacy rate was 63.3%. Side effects were observed in 3 cases and abnormal clinical laboratory findings occured in 2 cases, but these side effects were either mild or slight. The rate of usefulness was 77.4% in all cases. Based on these results, TMFX is there fore considerd to be useful in the treatment of paranasal sinusitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (27767K) -
Hirosato MIYAKE, Hideshige KIMURA, Atsushi SHINKAWA, Hideaki TAKAHASHI ...1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 166-181
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied Temafloxacin(TMFX) for its penetration into tissues, as well as fors its efficacy and safety in treating tonsillitis, pharyngolaryngitis and suppurative sialoadenitis.
1. Penetration
After an oral single administration of TMFX, the serum, tonsil, and salivary gland concdentrations were determined. The mean serum concentrations at 1.5 to 4.5 hours after the administration of 150, 300 and 600mg were 1.15, 1.72 and 1.65μg/ml while the mean tonsil concentrations were 2.61, 4.87 and 4.38μg/g respectively. The mean salivary gland concentrations after the administration of 150 and 300mg were 2.42 and 1.00μg/g, respectively.
2. Clinical evaluation
TMFX was administered to 51 patients with tonsillitis, to 25 with pharyngolaryn-gitis and 12 with suppurative sialoadenitis. The efficacy rate judged by the docter in charge was 90.2% for tonsillitis, 96.0% for pharyngolaryngitis and 75.0% for suppurative sialoadenitis. The clinical efficacy judged by the committee to be 80.4% for tonsillitis. The bacteriological eradication rates were 97.4%. Side effects were observed in 1 of 98 cases. while in 2 of 56 cases abnormal clinical findings were detected. However, these levels were all considered to be mild and slight.
Based on the above results, we consider TMFX to be a safe and effective drug for otorhinolaryngological infections.View full abstractDownload PDF (25191K) -
involoving the otitis media and the otitis externaShunkichi BABA, Naoya MIYAMOTO, Sinichiro YAMAMOTO, Takehiro KOBAYASHI ...1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 182-197
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTemafloxacin(TMFX) was evaluated for its efficacy, safety, usefulness as well as for its penetration into the otorrhea. Regarding its efficacy as evaluated by the doctor in charge, the efficacy rates were 72.9% in the otitis media, 87.5% in the otitis externa, and 100% for infection of congenital aural fistula. Regarding its efficacy as evaluated by the committee in charge, the efficacy rate was 66.1% in the otitis media. The bacteriological eradication rates were 84.6% for gram-positive bacteria, 66.7% for gram-negative bacteria and 81.1% for all bacteria. Side effects were observed in 2(one had rush, while the other had glossal rough) of 159 cases while abnormal clinical laboratory findings occured in 2(consisting of an increase in GOT and GPT) of 66 cases. The rates of usefulness were 72.0% in the otitis media, 87.5% in the otitis externa, 100% for infection of congenital aural fistula. The concentration of TMFX was 1.29μg/ml in the otorrhea, based on the findings of only one case. From these results, TMFX is thus considered to be useful for otorhinolaryngological infections in the otitis media, and otitis externa as for infection of the congenital aural fistula.View full abstractDownload PDF (24383K) -
Mutsuko FUJINO, Kazutaka HISASHI, Hiroaki INOUE, Shizuo KOMUNE, Takash ...1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 198-203
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree cases with tinnitus treated by mexiletine hydrochloride (Mexitil®) are herein reported. Tinnitus disappeared in one patient and was greatly relieved in the others. In all cases, the effect of mexiletine hydrochloride (Mexitil®) on tinnitus appeared within one week. Positive SISI tests were found in all patients, suggesting that mexiletine hydrochloride (Mexitil®) appears to be effective against tinnitus which originated from inner ear damage.View full abstractDownload PDF (8785K) -
Shinjiro OHNISHI, Nagahiro SOH, Katsuhiko TEZUKA1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 204-209
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe penetration of TFLX into the paranasal sinus mucosa and tissue after single consecutive after-meal administrations was examined in patients with chronic sinusitis who had undergone a radical operation on the maxillary sinus for a nasal polypectomy. The following results were obtained:
1. Measurements were performed on 23 specimens consisting of 4 specimens from the group of patients receiving a single 150mg dose, 13 specimens from the the group receiving a single 300mg dose and 6 specimens from the groups receiving 600mg/day in 2 divided doses for from 3 to 7 consecutive days.
2. The TFLX concentrations in the maxillary sinus mucosa and nasal polyp tissue were 0.40 to 0.72 (mean 0.54) μg/g in the patients receiving a single 150mg dose, <0.01 to 2.51 (mean 0.73) μg/g in those receiving a single 300mg dose and 0.18 to 3.24 (mean 1.47) μg/g in those receiving a consecutive administration of 600mg/day in 2 divided doses. The ratios of these levels to the blood concentrations were 1.04, 1.00 and 1.27, respectively, indicating a high tissue penetration.
Based on the above findings, TFLX appears to be a promising drug whcih may have an excellent clinical effect on otorhinolaryngological infections when administered in a consecutive after-meal regimen.View full abstractDownload PDF (7895K) -
Tsutomu YAMAZAKI, Chihiro HARADA1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 210-219
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 26 patients with Meniere's disease and 31 patients with peripheral vestibular disorders, ethylloflazepate was orally administered, either once or twice daily in order to evaluate its efficacy in an open trial.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) In a final global improvement rating based on the clinical results, the patients who were rated as either markedly improved or improved comprised 58% of the 57 cases treated.
(2) In a global utility rating, 98% of the cases demonstrated either very good or improved results.
(3) Almost no side effects were observed.
(4) These results thus suggest that ethyl loflazepate is a very effective and safe drug for Meniere's patients with psychomatic disorders who experience frequent repeated attacks while maintaining sustained stable hearing levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (17184K) -
Michio TOMIYAMA1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 220-224
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCombinations of alprazolam and other drugs were given to 49 patients with so-called autonomic imbalance in the field of otolaryngology-14 with cervical dizziness, 16 with abnormal sensations in the throat, and 19 with tinnitus associated with presbycusis- to assess the effectiveness. of the drugs. All cases had a number of indefinite complaints seemed to be strongly influenced by psychogenic factors. The drugs used in combination with alprazolam were tizanidine and tofisopam in the cases of cervical dizziness,“Hange-Koboku-to” in the cases of abnormal sensations the throat, and methycobalamin in the cases of tinnitus. Clinical efficacy was noted in 93% of the cAses with cervial dizziness, in 56% of the cases with sensations in the throat, and in 32% of those with tinnitus. The average overall efficacy rate was 57%. Regarding side effects, daytime drowsiness was reported by six patients(12%), but it disapperared following a decrease in the dose of alprazolam to 0.4mg/day (taken at bedtime). Although caution should be used against the side effects of drowsiness when using alprazolam, the results showed that alprazolam in the above combination therapy was effective in the treatment of cervical dizziness and tinnitus associated with presbycusis.View full abstractDownload PDF (9594K) -
Masato FUJII, Jin KANZAKI, Junichi OHTUKI, Kouji OGAWA, Yutaka ISOGAI, ...1994 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 225-231
Published: March 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCPDX-PR, a new type of cephalosporin antibiotics, has been found to be active against a broad spectrum of bacteria. 166 patients with ear, nose and throat infections were treated with CPDX-PR which was given orally twice a day for more than 4 days, but less than 14 days. The minimum dose was 200mg/body while the maximum does was 400mg/body. The clinical effects were excellent in 51 patients (30.7%), good in 68 patients (41.0%), fair in 35 patients (21.1%), and poor in 12 patients (7.2%). CPDX-PR demonstrated an excellent effect on patients with acute tonsillitis and acute sinusitis. The effects were better in higher doses for the acute phase of chronic otitis media and acute pharyngitis. The effects for clinical symptoms were also evaluated. The effect on pain in the throat was determind to be the best among all other clinical symptoms. Bacteriological examinations before treatment isolated 30 strains in 20 patients, and 23 of the strains (77%) could no longer be detected after treatment. Only one patient showed an adverse effect consisting of skin eruptions during treatment. CPDX-PR is therefore considered to be both safe and effective against otolaryngological infections.View full abstractDownload PDF (11170K)
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