Recent electronmicroscopical studies disclosed that there were different types of the olfactory receptor cells in various animals. Electrical activities of these receptor cells which were named “Electro-olfactogram” or “EOG” by Ottoson (1956) has been studied by Hosoya and Yoshida (1937), Ottoson and other investigators. They were classified into five types (Takagi, 1969). The negative EOGs disappear in the receptor cell-free olfactory epithelium and they are generated by the Na-entry and K-exit through the receptive membrane. Thus, the olfactory mucous which contains ions plays important roles in the activity of the olfactory cell. The positive EOG of the afterpotential type is generated in the supporting cell due to the secretory activity. Clinical application of the EOG may be possible.
Olfactory, trigeminal, glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves are conscerned with olfaction (Henkin, 1967). Ten odours were recently selected by Toyoda and his collaborators in order to determine the method of a standard olfactory test. An important role of the trigeminal nerve in olfaction is shown in the recent behavior and EEG experiments. Considerable effects of odours on human organs have been found. Thirteen bad odours have been determined by the Japanese Government to protect odour pollution.

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The number of patients with Ménière's disease, the author noticed, increased in winter and decreased in summer. Besides the author had an impression that the many attacks occurred in cold weather. The purpose of this paper is to investigate these situations in more detail.
In one year, between January and December of 1970, two hundred and eight cases were undergone the neurotological equiribrium examination in our clinic. In these cases, only twenty two patients had typical, fitful and repeated vertigo attacks, and they showed loudness recruitment phenomenon. Moreover they had not such a cause of vertigo as accident, intoxication, tumor or infection. It was investigated how the first attacks of these twenty two cases distributed in four seasons. The result was that Ménière's disease broke out most in winter ( confidence coefficient 90%, Fig. 1). Maximum and minimum temperature of a day and passege of fronts at Fukuoka were recorded between December 1970 and February 1971. Then, in this period, the cases which suffered from the reliable attacks were recorded in the same table (Fig. 2). Totally twenty four attacks were marked. The following became clear that at the day or the next day that the minimum temperature was below 4°, the attacks of Ménière's disease marked increased (confidence coefficient 95%).
Roughly speaking, the patients who had attacks in winter were skeleton and delicate. On the other hand, the cases who had attacks in the other seasons were corpulent and had a high blood pressure and felt fatigued.

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Eight patients of facial palsy were treated by a stellate ganglion block and their lacrimal functions were measured utilizing Schirmer's test. The patient was ordered to sniff ammonia one hour before and after the ganglion block. Five patients recovered from the palsy. They were two cases of Bell's palsy and three cases of Hunt's syndrome. The recovered cases showed an increase in lacrimation of the affected side as the stellate ganglion block was repeated. This phenomenon was marked particulary one hour after the block. The other patients which were two cases of Bell's palsy and one case of Hunt's syndrome did not recover. These cases showed no change in the lacrimal function after the ganglion block. The provoked lacrimal function test appeared to be an accurate method determinating the prognosis of facial palsy in the earlier stage.

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Twenty cases of salivary gland tumors treated from 1962 to 1971 were reported. Inoperable malignant tumors of the salivary gland were treated by irradiation of Co⁶⁰ (6,000-7,000 rad. in total). Although the complete removal of the tumor of the salivary gland gave significant results, the cases of malignant tumors treated only with Co⁶⁰ irradiation showed poor prognosis. Six out of twelve patients with malignant tumors died. Seven patients with benign tumors showed good prognosis and five of them survived for more than five years after the treatment. The importance of blood amylase value in the salivary gland disease was emphasized.

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A woman of 61 years old complained of swelling of the bilateral parotid gland and diarrhea in spite of various drug therapies. She died in the 23th day after admission. Post-mortem histological findings revealed reticuloendotheliosis. The relationship between acute purulent parotitis and reticuloendotheliosis was discussed.

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Articulatory mechanism of bilabial and velar consonants was investigated electromyographically with seven normal adults and four cleft palate speakers. Muscles investigated were the orbicularis oris, genioglossus, mylohyoid, levator veli palatini, lateral cricoarytenoid and vocalis muscles. The results are summarized as the followings:
A. In normal speakers,
1) The orbicularis oris muscle presented marked activity for bilabial consonants as described in previous reports. 2) The mylohyoid muscle showed marked peak activity prior to velar stops. In the genioglossus muscle, no consistant participation in producing velar stops was found. 3) The levator veli palatini muscle, in general, was active for oral sounds and inactive for nasal. Its activity, however, did not remain in the same level during successive oral sounds, but showed significant variations. Especially, for plosives the levator veli palatini often went with the bilabial or the mylohyoid muscle. 4) For the voice bar of initial voiced stops, the levator veli palatini was inactive. 5) Some contextual variations were found in the activity of each muscle. 6) The lateral cricoarytenoid and vocalis muscles, though both being adductors of the vocal cords, were activated in some different ways during speech sounds utterances.
B. In cleft palate speakers,
1) The activity o f the orbicularis oris was less marked for bilabial stops than in the normal subjects. 2) The activity mode of the levator veli palatini was rather similar to that in the normal. 3) The adductor muscles of the vocal cords presented marked peak activity for stop consonants which indicated a gesture for glottal stop.

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The removal of lingual ectopia of the thyroid gland is often indicated because of the interference with speech, swallowing and respiration. Total removal of such a lingual thyroid gland frequently results in a permanent hypothyroidism state. In order to avoid the development of athyroidation, the autotransplantation of the lingual thyroid tissue has been advocated.
A case of lingual ectopia of the thyroid gland in a 23-year-old woman was reported. An autotransplantation of the lingual ectopia, which caused heavy bleeding, to the right submaxilla with the right superior thyroid artery was adapted. Angiographic studies were carried out before and after the surgery.

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Defect of the ala of a 36-year-old female was reconstructed with an auricular composite graft of 14×18mm. Advantages of this method were excellent shape of the alar margin and nostril after the surgery. Literatures of reconstruction techniques of nasal defects were reviewed.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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A clinical significance of the objective testing method available for the orientation of the dominant cerebral hemisphere for speech using key tapping (Tsunoda) was explained in detail. The author compared the findings obtained by the tapping method with those obtained by the Wada technique, and he strongly stressed that the side of the dominant cerebral hemisphere for vowel sounds (ah, uh, eh) coincided with one for speech. In order to find the reasons why the human vowels are dominantly processed in the dominant cerebral hemisphere for speech, the following experiments on normal subjects were carried out. Eight hundred and fifty Hz low pass vowel Uh that contained only F₁ but excluded beyond F₂ was applied to the test and qualitative shift to the nondominant cerebral hemisphere was found.
When filter ed vowel sound that contained F₁ and F₂ was applied to the test, the right ear (left cerebral hemisphere) dominancy was observed. Four times accelerated vowel Ah and Uh in reproduction speed were also applied to the test, and the result was similar to that for normal speed vowels. FM sounds (ascending, descending), AM sounds and amplitude modulated FM sounds were also confirmed to be dominantly processed in the non-dominant cerebral hemisphere. Finally, the complex sounds consisting of more than two combination of narrow band noises were applied to the test. When the frequency ratio of F₂/F₁ was inharmonic relation, the right ear dominancy was observed, whereas when the ratio F₂/F₁ was harmonic the left ear dominancy was observed. From the standpoint of dominancy effect, the author classifies the human cerebral hemispheres into two categories such as inharmonic brain and harmonic brain. Above mentioned results do not coincide with results of the Haskins laboratory.

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