A total of 651 primary cases with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, which were treated chiefly by interstitial Radium therapy at the Cancer Institute Hospital from 1946 through 1978, were reviewed.
According to changes in the treatment method during this period, these cases were divided into two groups for analysis.
The actuarial five-year survival rate of the first group (1946-1970, 504 cases) was 49.4%; T1 70.1%, T2 53.5%, T3 22.%, and that of the second group (1971-1978, 147 cases) was 68.5%; T1 88.1%, T2 69.4%, T3 36.7%.
The improved control rate of primary lesion was obtained in the second group. The better results were considered mainly due to accurate dose distribution by using a computer and application of low intensity needles. The gradual increase in local control rate is definitely encouraging, and the optimistic conclusion can be drawn that if a patient present himself in Stage I or II, he has a 70% or more prognosis for remaining free of disease for five years.

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In order to examine the reliablity of tympanometry in diagnosis of middle ear diseases, analysis of tympanograms of 3371 ears and animal experiment in cats were carried out. The results were as follows: 1. Among type A tympanogram, 67% of ears were normal, but remaining ears had either tubal obstruction or middle ear inflammation. Thus, type A tympanogram did not always indicate normal ears. 2. About 60% of ears with type B had middle ear inflammation such as otitis media with effusion, and its 25% were accompanied with tubal obstruction. Thus, more than 80% of ears with type B were proved to have any middle ear disturbance. 3. About 51% of type C ears showed tubal obstruction, while 35% of them had middle ear inflammation. 4. Diagnosis of tubal obstruction by tympanogram alone was revealed to be unreliable, because the obstructed tube showed not only type B, but type A or type C tympanogram.

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A 53 year-old-male complained of right nasal obstruction and mucopurulent nasal discharge. He had no past history of sinusitis. A polypous granular tumor was observed in his right nasal cavity. Roentgenograms showed abnormal shadows in the right maxillary sinus and right nasal cavity. Tomography showed the destruction of the medial wall of the right maxillary sinus. First biopsy of the tumor showed chronic inflammation. But we suspected maxillary cancer from its destructiveness, and performed extirpation of the tumor via the right maxillary sinus after 400 rad irradiation.
Histologic examination of the tumor showed typical inverted papilloma with no malignancy.
3200 rad irradiation was performed post-operatively to prevent recurrence, and no recurrence was observed until now.

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Thirteen cases of Macrostomia were experienced between January, 1963 to March, 1979. In our series, the ratio of macrostomia to cleft of the lip and/or palate is 1: 66 cases. Seven cases are female and six cases are male. Ten cases except for three cases had combined anomalies mainly auricular appendage and micrognathia.
One case was corrected by straight suture and the others were corrected by single Z-plasty or multiple Z-plasty.
These cases were discussed on clinical features with previous 81 cases in literatures.

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Two cases of mucoepidermoid tumor of the parotid gland are reported. The first case was 19 year old man. He complained of cystic swelling of the infraauricular region.
The second case was 71 year old woman. She had undergone surgical procedure twice, one about 30 years ago, and the other about 8 months ago. A consulted radiologist transferred her to our clinic.
In both cases the tumor were surgically removed and there are no findings of recurrence. Cystic lesions of the parotid gland are uncommon but we should impress on our mind that mucoepidermoid tumor sometimes formes large cystic lesion.

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A rare case of American leishmaniasis in Japan is reported. The 54-year-old male patient is a Japanese farmer, who had been resided in Brazil from 1928 to 1953.
He visited our hospital because of suffering from sorethroat and purulent nasal discharge in both of the nasal cavities, there were some crusts as same as the case of atrophic rhinitis. When the crusts was removed, some papillomatous granulation tissues were found over the anterior part of the right nasal septum, and the left soft palate near the uvular region. From granulation tissues, the promastigote type of Leishmania braziliensis was found by culture with N. N. N. medium to which antibiotics was added.
After the disease was diagnosed, he was treated with “Stibnal” by intravenous injection. Total dosage of Stibnal was 500ml. The patient showed marked improvements both in clinical and in laboratory findings.

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It has been shown that the exogenous protease transformed the normal cells in vitro, and the endogenous proteases and plasminogen activator have been closely related to the transformation of various cells. In otorhinolaryngological field, we be lieved that the cells of laryngeal and paranasal papilloma were mostly composed of virally transformed cells. In order to clarify the relationship between the tissue of the papilloma and the proteolytic activity, we examined the fibrinolytic activity, caseinolytic activity and esterolytic activity in the papilloma tissue in comparison with the noninflammatory, inflammatory paranasal mucous membrane and antrochoanal polyp. The results obtained were as follows:
1) The tissue extract of papilloma contained a small amount of plasminogen activator and a large amount of SK-reactive activator. But the caseinolytic activity was not detected in the tissue extract.
2) The high esterolytic activity was observed in the tissue extract of papilloma and it was equivalent to that observed in the tissue extract of the inflammatory paranasal mucous membrane.
From these results it was suggested that the fibrinolytic activity of papilloma was equivalent to that of antrochoanal polyp and nasal polyp, and the proliferative characteristics of papilloma cell might depend upon its fibrinolytic activity, that is, the activity of SK-reactive activator.

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Studies were made on the auditory hairs on the hair cells in the lowest part of the basal turn of the cochlea employing scanning electron microscopy. Animals used were healthy or kanamycin-administered guinea pigs. In normal animals, it was found that the cells lying at the lowest basal end of the spiral organ was the inner hair cell. The first cell of the 1st to the 3rd row of the outer hair cells was seen to be dotted on an oblique line, i. e., the first cell of each 1st, 2nd and 3rd row was seen at the position of the 3rd, 4th or 5th and 8th cell of the inner hair cells, respectively. In the kanamycin-treated animals, various kind of the deformations (fusion, bending, disappearance and fan-like spreading etc.) of the auditory hairs were observed on the hair cells in the lowest part, the basal end and hook, of the basal turn of the spiral organ.

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1) Beclomethasone Dipropionate Nasal Spray was effective for perennial allergic rhinitis, seasonal allergic rhinitis, and vasomotor rhinitis.
2) In vasomotor rhinitis and perennial allergic rhinitis, the prolonged effect was observed even one week after discontinuation of the drug. Sneezing (p<0.001), nasal obstruction (p<0.001), and nasal discharge (p<0.05) were significantly improved.
3) The drug was considered to be effective in the treatment of allergic nasal diseases.

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From his experience in closing of antroalveolar fistula the author concluded as follows.
I) For the case of smaller fistula the most suitable procedure is after Sasaki-Zange' technique or the transplantation of fascia. The procedure after Sasaki-Zange is performed as follows: after the completion of Caldwell-Luc procedure the mucous membrane of lateral wall of the inferior nasal duct is made to turn towards on the floor of antrum so that it can cover the fistula as a flap. And the procedure of the transplantation of fascia is performed as follows: after the completion of Caldwell-Luc procedure fascia temporalis or fascia lata is transplanted on the floor of antrum and made to obturate the fistula.
II) For the perfect closure of larger fistula a more complicated procedure is required: after the completion of Caldwell-Luc procedure palatal flap containing major palatine artery is superposed upon reversed gingival flap so that the fistula can be covered doubly.

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