This is included adenoma and craniopharyngioma chiefly. Here, we refer to general remarks, and neighbouring varieties. Pituitary adenoma. Pathology: assortment by description of adenoma cells i) chromophobe ii) eosinophilic iii) basophilic are assortmented chiefly. The classification of adenoma construciton i) diffuse ii) sinusoidal iii) papillary are arragemented. Others are i) pituitary carcinoma ii) foetal iii) extrasellar extension iv) malignant. We mentioned the percontage, symptoms, endocrine, Cushing syndroms, nervous views, and refered to the photograph of X-ray, cerebral vessels, CT et. al.

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This paper present a general concept on the craniopharyngioma. The classification devide 2 kinds of cyst in Rathke's cleft and adamantinomatous of squamous type. As regards anatomical relation part the type into upside and inside. Symptoms: Endocryne complains are observed frequently. Body forms are FrOhlich syn- dromes, dystrophia adiposogenitalis. With to lorain type are infantilism, hypophyseal dwartism, and grow fat stout, or, become lose flesh. Disturbance of brain nerves, blood vessels are observed on that eyesight, visual fields. Diagnosis: X-ray, MRI give view on balloning, calcareous sink in the cyste, impressiones digitatae, V -shape sella. Photograph of brain vessels are appeared taschenbildung. Recently, medical developement of MRI are more able to diagnose easily.

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For the past ten years, a very active research on a considerable amount of fundamental functional investigation has been concenrated in progress. But much still remains to be accomplished to make objective testing of nasal functions. Obtaining only standard values of nasal patency but also standardized measure- ments for rhinomanometry is important, wheras, we reported aberrations. Aberrations: There are six major aberrations of pressure which have been clearly delineated. I. Irregular: Irregularities of breathing pattern rhythms, amplitudes, frequency and reversals of the ratios of pressures during inspiration and expiration are frequently noted and usually denote local derangements in the nose. II. Increase: Marked increase in breathing pressure practically always means a nasal obstruction and is especially predominant if the stenosis is in the area of the nasal valves. Elevations of pressure mean increase in the work of breathing. III. Flat top: The outstanding characteristic of the pressure curves is the fact that the pressure level at the height of expiration persists for 3 to 5 seconds more. IV. Suppression: The inspiration and expiration pressures are low ranging between 3 to 5 millimeters of water and sometimes even less. These are frequently found among old patients. V. M. C. R.: After each breathing cycle is completed there is a pause during which there is no inspiration or expiration, no positive or negative pressure. This pause often lasts for 3 to 5 seconds and in extreme instances has been noted to last from 5 to seconds. We have referred to this pause as a midcycle rest (M. C. R.). VI. Others

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Since 1987, we have been evaluating by analytical findings of nasal respiratory function obtained by Prof. Dr. Cottle et al. We presented this paper on the rhinomanometric siginificant differences between normal and sinusities maxillitis, as no report up date. For the objects, we investigated on the difference between 100 test persons as control (Group A) and 100 patients suffered from sinusities maxillitis (Group B). We adopted the methods of analyizing on nasal respiratory of function. We used apparatus of model PF2001 (ICS) firstly, the new master secondary and computerized tracing analysis system (ICS) to more exactly. Conclusions: 1) In both groups, the irregular, increased, flat top, M. C. R., and other types of nasal respiration were observed. 2) By comparison, Group B showed higher rates of the irregular and increased types more than that of A group on nasal airway resistance and those types (13%, 16%). 3) The others types were observed sevreal variations, so it may be unproper to count the nasal conductivity. 4) Since flat-top, suppression and M. C. R. were present in both groups, regardless of the presence or absence of nasal disorders. It is not appropriate to discuss on S. Maxillitis exclusively from the basis of these types.

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Detailed analysis of relationship between the eustachian tube function and either nasal airway pressure or flow rate has been no published. We recently analyzed these relationshipes. The subjects of this study were 50 normal elderly individuals, examined in total. Their eustachian tube function was analyzed in relation to their nasal function. The following results were obtained. 1. Rhinomanometry revealed increasing aberration in the nasal air flow of aged 65 to 69 and aged 70 to 74. Aberrations observed include increased, irregular, flat, and suppressed. Thus, nasal breathing becomes slightly ubstable as reach advanced ages. 2. Analysis of the nasal air flow pattern in relation to eustachian tube function yielded the following findings: i. Suppressed nasal air flow was often seen in subjects with an open type eustachian tube who were older than 65. ii. Individuals with a stenosed eustachian tube who were in their 70s often showed irregular or increased nasal breathing. iii. Suppressed nasal breathing seems to be related to an open type eustachian tube. These findings seem to tpnrp. ant the effect of aging.

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Recently, microencupsul odorant test of olfactory function are developed. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) has examinationed the study of smell identification abilities on chinese in Beizing. One-hundred Chinese subjects were given the Chinese translated from English, UPSIT to complete. Clinical application of the standardized “scratch and sniff” olfactory test in Chinese is described. The results were obtained as follows: 1) A rank value assigned to each item were analysed on the order of responses siginigicantly among ages. 2) Average test scores decreased as a function of age with the decline occurring in old men. 3) Only a sightly moderate correlation existed the comparison between Japanese, American, and Chinese. Analysis was performed to determine which items had different response patterns. Future research should address the selection of odors. Some of the odors listed in the answers are not familiar to us. We need to develop a SIT which includes odors unique to us, such as the smell of Chinese wine, meat buns, and dumplings stuffed with minced cork.

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The authors devised a quantitative filter-paper disc method that measures thresholds of four basic tastes under each gustatory innervation. The method was satisfied with various conditions which were demaned as a method of taste examination clinically. This study was performed in normal old persons in Peking aged 60 to 80 years. They were tested Novermber in 1996. Each normal value of four basic tastes was determined. They were manufactured as the standard test by the ampoule-set of 2 ml. Measurements: Applying the sample solution to the twin pH sensor. There are three ways to apply the sample solution to the sensor. Spooning-out, Immersion, Flat surface measurement. We used flat surface method. 1) Accumulation degree curves were described in 3 tastes; sweet, salty and sour. They were similar to each other. On the other hand the bitter taste accumulation degree curve was considerable variation in the thresholds. 2) The difference of sensitivities of tasted between each area of innervations were detected. Salty, sour and bitter tastes in glossopharyngeal area and were more sensitive than those in the other areas, especially in tastes of sour and bitter were with most sensensitivity on that area. 3) In the sweet taste mamy subjects were detected with most sensitivity on the soft palate. 4) Some of them fall into an error to test (10.6 %). The average was 7.6 as TWIN pH.

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The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis requires detection of antigen-specific IgE antibodies. It is necessary for such tests to be able to detect multiple allergens at the same time, to be highly reproducible, easy to perform, and require only a very small sample of blood. We tested quidel allergy screen (QAS)-IV using house dust, mites, and cat epithelium as allergens. I. Patients who showed positive results of QAS-IV and higher were 26.6% for house dust 1, 16.6% for house dust 2, 13.3% for cat epithelium, 26.6% for Dermatophagoides farinae, and 13.3% Dermatophagoides pteronyssinum. II. There are no siginificant differences as to sex or age. III. Multiple allergens can be tested at the same time with QAS. It is highly reproducible and easy to perform. A sample of only 100y1 of blood was required.

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The number of patients with nasal allergies has recently been increasing in China as in other parts of the world. We recognize that there are some differ on Ambrosia in pollinosis. The increase in Ambrosia are recognized in pollen than in that of another. Our aim of study to investigate and elucidate whether Ambrosia could be present in nasal allergic resistance. 60 patients with history of perennial allergic rhinitis, expressed as swelling, sneezing, expelled secretions were selected. For allergic investigations, eosinophilis from the inferior turbinates by Hansel stain, X ray, ultra-sound, the serum levels of total IgE antibody, Elisa (OAS-I) were examined. Rhinomanometry, PF 2001 (Chicago), New Master (ICS, USA) were used to register the reaction in the mucous membrane in successively active concentrations. The measured nasal responses were diveded to the patterns of normal, increased, irregularity, flat top, suppression, Mid Cycle Rest (MCR), others. No significant between negative on Ambrosia were observed for any of the nasal responses in the subjects. The results showed a statistically siginificant difference on the positive reaction to Ambrosia, for an increased, irregularity response for the nasal resistance in the subjects.

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Since 1994, our laboratory has been studying the QUIDEL allergy screen test (QAS) which is based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and can analyze six types of allergens simultaneously. QAS covers allergens from pollen, house dust, food and so on. In the present study, we attempted to detect serum allergen-specifie IgE antibodies to these pollen allergens. Method: Thirty patients with nasal allergy aged 10-60 years were asked about their history and subsequently underwent several tests including nasal mirror, eosinophils in rihnorrhea, scratch tests, and provocation tests. Allergen sticks of QAS-III (ragweed, Dactylis glomerata, Anthoxanthum odoratum, ceder and mugwort) were used. A 100μl test solution was made to react with a very small amount of serum allergen-specific IgE antibody in a bat (solid phase). Results: Eosinophils in rhinorrhealargely correlated with the coloring of QAS-III. Thus, tests of allergen-specific IgE antibodies by ELISA-QAS can detect various allergens simultaneously. This method is less painful to patients.

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It is known that nasal allergy especially pollinosis has been increased recently. We analized airborne pollens on Ulumuqu airborne pollens in so famous silk road through full one year by the method of usual reference on airborne pollens. The results showed into the characteristics of pollens in namely, pinus, plicea, cupressaceae, ulumus, populus, salix, acer, fraxinug, morus, caryophyllaceae in tree season and artemisia, helianthus, chenopodiaceae, amaranthaceae, gemineae, cyperaceae in grass-weed season. We observed the amount of airborne pollens in different month. The most pollens were from plantane tree ulumus, accounting for as much as 27%, and next salix 22%, chenopodiaceae as 21%. The amount of airborne pollens was greatest in April followed by August and September in that order. These investigation will be serviced for pollinosis from research on airborne pollens.

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We installed the standard method on the roof of the University Hospital to determine airborne pollens over a long period of full one year in this city. In the summer peak from the grass-trees such as Cannabis Humulus (1508 grains) and Spring peak Cupressaceae (530 grains) in Spring come to second. In the Autumn peak from the herbs such as Artemisia (1773 grains), Chenopodiaceae (283 grains) subsequently. The relationships among the quantity of airborne pollens montyly and the diffusion patterns of various pollen grains and the pollen quantity are discussed. The highest count after one year was Artemisia (3809 grains) in all total. This paper lists the counts of airborne pollens and will be serviced for pollinosis in this city.

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There are a limited number of types of airborne pollen with can cause pollinosis. It is well known that such pollens contain antigenic substances that are firstly produced in large amounts. Based on a study using electron microscopy (EM), we postulate that pollinosis is caused by morphological characteristics of pollen grains. Methods: Over a Period of one year in Beijing, we investigated all airborne pollens including trees, and their distribution in each month(1990). Summary: The projections from the bodies, outer wall of the pollen grains could be classified as granular, crest, biting, small-needle, short-needle, sharp-needle, villous, or hooked types club cudgel. Pollen grains with a small sharp needle form, short superficial and solid, thick or columnar interiors of outer wall seem to be more likely to invade the nasal mucosa, causing nasal allergy. On the basis of an electron microscopic analysis of pollen grains, the author has proposed a new theory of tree's pollinosis which had not been report in all country.

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Pituitary adenoma is one of rare diseases in the field of Otorhinolaryngology in Japan. Treatments are known to us as the method of transtemporal, transshenoidal, radiation therapy. Recently, treatment to the pituitary tumor by very low dose radiation using a radioactive isotope which emits β-rays, inserted into the sella turcica via the sphenoid sinus and destroy in the wall of the tumor, were continued to attempt. Our clinic in Beijing contenue to observe the follow-up of this method from 1977 years. The patient was a 41 year old male. His chief complaints were blindness and disturbance of visual-field in the both eye, as well as headache and impotence. Chief complaints gradually to recover and revealed to no evidence tumor after this method. He is living a normal life at present.

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The exact location of pituitary tumor may not be determined clearly via conventional tomography and CT, however, MRI showed the entire image of the cysts, even in the case of a small hidden cyst. With MRI multidirectional imaging, the extension of the cysts were easily identified without any image artifacts. MRI was superior to conventional tomography and CT in diagnosing the pituitary tumorsand will be widely used in the future. Recently, treatment to them by very low dose radiation using a radioactive isotope which emits β-rays, ³²P inserted into the sella turcica via the sphenoid sinus and destroy in the wall of the tumor, were continued in our department. The patient was a 54 years female, who's chief complaints were blindness in both eye and visual field in the both eye, as well as headache and impotence. Chief complaints quietly to recover and revealed to no evidence tumor after our method. She is living a normal life at present.

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Endocrine symptoms are major signs of pituitary adenoma. 41 years male was admitted to our department with chief complaints of severe reduction of sexual function and severe polyposiaand polyuria. One year ago, his visual acuity decreased his visual field was also disturbed. In addition, nausea and vomiting were exacerbated. CT and MRI revealed decalcification inside the dorsum sellae, i. e., ballooning of the sella, V- shaped sella. Lateral radiography disclosed pouching, taschenbildung and elevation of the suprasellar area. When his hormone levels were examined, PRL levels were abnormally high. During surgery, the base of the sella turcica was punctured and new colloidal fluid ³²P was injected. With in onemonth after surgery, the patient's complaints disappeared. His hormone levels also normalized. His visual acuity has improved to 1.2 on the right side. He is now leading a normal life.

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Therapy for pituitary tumors such as surgery are high rates of relapse. In the use of radiotherapy for pituitary tumors, high-dose irradiation applied to the tumor from out-side of thefocus has been known for many of years. Recently, we introduced that instead of using high-dose irradiation, a very low dose radioisotope emitting chiefly fl-ray has been used, inserted directly into the focus. The radioisotope is inserted into the tumor via the sphenoid sinus and then is destroyed in the wall of the tumor, has been conducted. Our department began to use this therapy in March 1977 and developed a new methodology which came as a result of very improvements. We reported many cases. Methods: It's diagnosis can be ensured by checking for opthalmologic, endocrinological, roentgenologic, cerebrovascular angiography and pneumoencephalography, CT, MRI, PET etc. examinations. The newly developed ³²P-colloid solution are injected into the tumor in sella turcica via transsphenoidal approach. Conclusion: We applied this therapy to manypatients with chief complaints of headache, disturbed visual acuity and a disturbed visual field, symptoms associated with elevated intracranial pressure. All patients responded well by this therapy, the symptoms disappeared after new method and returned to normal life until now. Long follow-up revealed a very well outcome and no recurrence of tumor again. This new treatment is easy to apply, safe effective and is considered to be particularly suitable for elderly or physically weak patients, patients with recurrence after craniotomy, those who are afraid of surgery.

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If new medical records are found as a result of uncovering new ruins during archaeological development, medical history will need to be amended accordingly. China was the most advanced nation in printing and preservation techniques, and vast ancient ruins have been excavated recently. It seems necessary to pursue the true fact through such historical resources. 1. Inscriptions on tortoise carapaces found in the Urumuqi Ruins on the Silk Road provide the oldest record in otologic diseases. 1. In Japan, it was believed the the Huang Di Nei Jung (the Yellow Emperor's Cannon of Internal Medicine) was dated 667-683 AD. It was, in fact, produced in 150 BC in China, a difference of almost 800 years. We can assume that the Japanese version was produced by great pioneering Japanese envoys to China in the Tung and Sui Dynasties who edited and compiled the then available medical knowledge which had been handed down by generations. It should therefore be regarded as a revised version of the original Chinese one. 1. The Wu Shi Er Bing Fang found in the ancient ruins of Zhangsha has about 20 descriptions of otorhinology. More ancient ruins are currently being excavated in China. It would take hundreds of years to complete the research. If any medical records are found, current theories may be overturned, which will be of great interest.

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Maxillitis is treated medically or surgically. However, postoperative cyst of the maxillary sinus, cyst of the cheek have been described as iatrogenic disorders since radical operation. Complete removal of the mucosa of the maxillary or the ethmoidal sinus is impossible in sinusitis because of the anatomical positions of the ethmoidal sinus. However, the disease was reported to be uncurable in the patients even when radical demucosation of the sinus was performed during operation of maxillary cancer. These results indicate that surgical procedures are not appropriately selected for different conditions. One of the causes sinusitis is closure of the natural opening and the indications of construction are considered to be related to the air resistance in sinusitis to surgical treatments. Moreover, the intranasal morphology, function of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses and the extent of the obstruction of the natural opening of the maxilla must be accurately evaluated before determination of the treatment. Whereas, the maxillary sinus ostium was enlarged and the middle meatus opened, instead of establishing a counter opening in the inferior meatus. The purposes of the operation are to relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence of sinusitis. Any surgical procedure to achieves these aims are useful. We present a new surgical technique, Asai's method that evaluate these purposes.

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Otolaryngology in China has made goo d progress both in basic research and clinic work in the recent 10 years until 1990. I sincerely hope, that through this present, I shall be greatly benefited by your advanced experience and we sh all establish a long term friendly relationship of cooperation and academic excha nge. My talk will include 3 parts: 1st. General information. 2nd. Progres s in basic research. 3rd. Progress in clinic work.

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