Eighty-seven cases of laryngeal and twelve cases of hypopharyngeal cancer were studied histopathologically by means of whole-organ serial sectioning.
1) Vocal cord fixation in glottic cancer is usually due to the invasion of the thyro-arytenoid muscle by cancer. An invasion of less than 2mm into the thyroarytenoid muscle does not influence mobility of the vocal cord. An invasion of more than 3mm, however, fixes the vocal cord. The correlation between vocal cord fixation and the degree of cancercells invasion in the muscle is important in determining the surgical procedure to be used.
2) In cancer of the anterior commissure, infiltration of tumor cells is not observed in the thyroid cartilage. The low sensitivity of this cancer to radiological therapy is attributed to the deficiency of the connective tissue and blood vessels.
3) The early stage of a laryngeal ventricle cancer may be extremely difficult to diagnose because of the lack of symptoms due to a rather small tumor. No protrusion of a tumor of this type is observed in the space between the thyroid and cricoidcartilage.

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Iu our clinic of ophthalmology and otolaryngology of Hyogo College of Medicine, 20 cases of retrobulbar optic nerve damage due to head injury were encountered during April, 1973 to June, 1978. Optic nerve decompression surgery performed for 17 of them endonasally and 3 were treated conservatively. Visual improvement were obtained 11 out of 17 (64%) for the former and 2 out of 3 (67%) for the latter respectively.
As the statistical comparison between the two types of treatment were difficult because of shortage in number of the latter, only the results of operative cases were discussed, and disclosed that preoperative radiography does not have necessarily the diagnostic value; i. e. one out of 17 were found to be false positive and 3 out of 6 were false negative and four were uncertain cases. From these results, the more precise radiographical diagnosis of the optic bony canal should be developed in future.
One hundred percent of visual remission was observed in 2 cases in which the bony fragment of optic canal was present when the paranasal sinuses was entered endonasally. Also fifty percent (4 out 8) was the visual improvement ratio for the presence of only the bony fracture line, and seventy-one percent (5 out of 7) for the intact bony canal.
These results may show that even with intact bony canal, the decompression surgery should be necessary to the visual improvement. The data of several other authors including present series showed that the earlier the decompression surgery taken, the more effective the ratio of remission, especially when operations were done within 7 days to the blind.

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Clinical analysis of forty-two patients (57 ears) who have adhesive otitis media were studied
The results obtained were as follows.
1. Most popularity of the age group was from 7 to 12 years.
2. In 38 (67%) of the ears, secretory otitis media was previously present.
3. In 35 ears (61%), adhesive otitis media with a middle ear effusion was found Moreover, retraction pockets were found in 24 ears (42%).
4. Perceptive deafness and combined deafness were found in the 17 ears.
5. 55 ears produced the type B tympanogram, 2 ears produced the type C The type B tympanogram were classified of three patterns.
6 Measuring the size of air cell system of X-Ray film by the rectangular method, the average air cell system was estimated as 7.4cm².

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Eleven cases of the orbital blowout fractures were admitted to Hiroshima University Hospital between 1971 and 1977. Four cases were pure type blowout fractures. Others were inpure types. Five cases (45%) were concomitant medial wall fracture. In one of the 11 cases isolated medial wall fracture was recognized.
We consider that hypocylodial tomography is useful for clinical diagnoses when surgical intervention may be necessary.
Most of our 11 cases were not fresh when consulted to our hospital. Therefore we did not have good results as we had expected. We expect that doctors who treat the facial trauma would also have to consider the orbital blowout foacture.

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The authors had reported some clinical cases of sodium bromate intoxication showing a severe hearing loss and uremia. In this paper, the effects of sodium bromate on the inner ear were experimentally studied. The chemical was given intramuscularly 100 to 200mg/kg body weight and the endocochlear DC potential (EP) was measured for judgement of inner ear function. At the times when EP showed 50% of normal and 0mV, the animals were sacrificed and the stria vascularis was observed electronmicroscopically.
The stria vascularis in the animals showed 50% level of normal EP revealed no change in the marginal cells, the intermediate cells and the basal cells.
In the animals which EP decreased to 0 mV, the marginal cells degenerated and the intercellular space was enlarged in the early stage and then the cytoplasm of the marginal cells was ejected into the endolymphatic space. Finally the endolymphatic space was almost collapsed and the Reissner's membrane closely touched to the surface of the marginal cell. These findings in the stria vascularis were very variant in each animals. According to the results obtained it is concluded that in the sodium bromate intoxication the hearing loss starts at the marginal cell of the stria vascularis and the degeneration is irreversible.

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