The dust inhaled with the air and deposited on mucous membrane of the trachea is expelled by the upward current caused by the ciliary epithel cells. The velocity of this ciliary current was measured using the extirpated trachea of 170 cattle and 12horses obtained at a slaughter house, besides, 12 rabbits. The measurement was carried out with an apparatus devised by the author and depicted in the text. The current was observed using carbon powder sprayed on the mucous membrane of the trachea.
1. In the cattle, the average velocity is 20.67sec per cm or 0.48mm/sec, ranging from 13 to 32sec per cm. In horses it is almost of the same magnitude as in cattle.
2. No difference of it on the anterior and lateral walls, but it is somewhat sluggish on the posterior membraneous wall, 23.7sec per cm.
3. No difference of it at the distance 5 through 40 cm from the glottis.
4. No marked change of it within 15hours after the slaughter, but it becomes irregular or sluggish in 24 hours.
5. Under 10° no movement, at 10-15° no movement or very sluggish;as the temperature rises the velocity increases to reach the optimum temperature 38°, above 38° it decreases again and at 45° no movement. The trachea kept at 10°, which showed no ciliary movement, begins to show the movement when the temperature is raised above 15°. But the trachea heated at 45° can not recover the movement.
6. In rabbits the average velocity of ciliary current on the posterior membraneous wall is 0.20mm/sec in situ and 0.19mm/sec in the extirpated trachea.
7. Almost the same result was observed with other kinds of powder of different gravity than the carbon.

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The temporal bones of 45 japanese corpses ( 29 males and 16 females) from 19 days to 68 old ware collected, and, after planting the celloidin, the horizontal serial specimens of tissue were made.
So I studied the development of the cells of the petrous apex and the relation of the cells of surrounding portion to it with the following results.
1) No development of air cells was observed up to the baby of full 1 year old. The cells of petrous apex were seen first at about 20 years, and developed most markedly at about 50 years.
2) The pericarotid cells showed a high degree of development already at about 20 years, but in the vertical portion it was slight. There was seen no cell at the age of about 20, and showed the maximum development at about 30 years.
3) The perilabyrinthine and periantral cells had well growed at the age of about 20, and showed the maximum at about 50.
4) The rate of the cell appearance at each portions was that: at the petrous apex was 20% (1/5 of the whole), and it corresponded to 39.3% (about 2/5) of the well grown cases of the periantral cells. It clinically requires to take care that the infection would be concealed by the existence of the cells of the petrous apex
5) The cells of the petrous apex were usually seen in the cases with well grown periantral cells, but sometimes the perilabyrinthine cells existed even in the cases with the under-grown. Futhermore the cells of the petrous apex were showed in the cases with sclerotic mastoid.
6) The rate of cell appearance of both sexes at each portions was that: at the petrous apex it was 27.7% in male, and 5. 2% in female. Especially the development of cells up to the utmost apex was not observed in female.
7) The bilateral similarity in the same case was 50%, and so its symmetry and asymmetry was half.
8) The rate of bilateral development of cell was that: the left was slight dominant at the petrous apex but no difference was seen at other portions.
9) The cases in which the cells of the petrous apex reached to the utmost apex were 3 among 11. and they were all male. Its maximum distance from the front of horizontal canal was 2.5cm. The number of the cells of the petrous apex was from 1 to 6 at maximum.

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Salpingoscopy was performed for the group of 236 steel mill workers and the relationships of the results with the state of the Eustachian catheterisation, the retractiongrades of the tympanic membrane and the types of hearing curve, were studied.
1 ) Most types of the Eustachian tube were normal, catarrhal, or swelling, but the difference according to the length of employed years could not be recognized.
2) The increase of bad cases in the pharyngeal opening condition of the Eustachian tube was observed according to the increase of employed years.
3) The movement of the pharyngeal opening of the Eustachian tube at vocalization was good in most cases and there was no much difference by the length of employed years. However, bad cases in the movement at deglutition increased according to the increased years of employment.
4) No specific relationships were observed among the shapes of the Eustachian tube, retrac tiongrade of the tympanic membrane and types of hearing curve or tubal inflation degree.
5) When the pharyngeal condition of the Eustachian tube was good, inflating degree was good in most cases. The increase in the employed years brought the increase of bad inflating cases throughout all the cases examined in this group.
6) No specific relationship was observed between the pharyngeal opening condition of the Eustachian tube and tympanic membrane retraction.
7) When the pharyngeal opening condition of the Eustachian tube was good, hearing curve showed good type in many cases. As the opening condition became bad, good types decreased and there was a tedency for the increase of the bad types. The bad types increased as the employed years increased. This tendency was remarkable especially when the opening condition of the Eustachian tube was bad.
8) When the movement of the Eustachian opening at vocalization was good, inflation degree was good. As the employed years increased, the cases of bad inflation increased especially when the movement of the Eustachian tube at vocalization was bad.
9) When the pharyngeal opening of the Eustachian tube moved well at deglutition, insuffla tion was good when its movement at deglutition was not well, the cases of bad insufflation in creased. In the group having bad movement at deglutition, bad insufflating cases increased as the employed years increased. There was a close relationship between various movements of theEustachian pharyngeal opening and condition of the Eustachian pharyngeal opening and condition of the tubal inflations.
10) No specific relation between various movenents of the Eustachian pharyngeal opening and tympanic membrane retractions was recognized.
11) No specific relation between the movement of the Eustachian pharyngeal opening at vo calization and the types of hearing curve was recognized.
12) In most cases, when the movement of the Eustachian pharyngeal opening at deglutition was good, hearing curve showed good type and even when its movement was bad, hearing curve showed good type. There was a tendency, however, for thehigher percentage of bad hearing curve in the group having bad movement at deglutition as the employed years increased.
13) When the condition of the Eustachian pharyngeal opening and its movement at vocaliza tion and deglutition were good, inflationdegree was good. When the opening condition and the movement at deglutition were well, there was less chance of hearing disturbance comparing with other cases.

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