We performed posterior wall preservation tympanoplasty for newly treated patients with middle ear cholesteatoma using a one-stage procedure. In advanced cases or in cases with poor mastoid cell development, we chose to remove the posterior wall of the external auditory canal and open the mastoid. To examine the classification of cholesteatoma and the outcome of each procedure, we conducted a retrospective review of the hearing improvement and recurrence rates in 131 patients who underwent initial surgery between January 2013 and December 2020. The hearing improvement rate was comparable to that in previous reports but was poor in patients who received type IV tympanoplasty. The recurrence rate was examined according to the use of endoscopic observation and the anterior tympanotomy technique. The residual recurrence rate increased after the introduction of endoscopy, although the difference was not statistically significant. Postoperative retraction pockets were less common in cases in which anterior tympanotomy was performed.

Odontogenic sinusitis is inflammation of the sinus associated with dental caries and/or periodontal disease. Otorhinolaryngologists, and dentists are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated 42 cases of odontogenic sinusitis that were diagnosed and treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Dentistry in our hospital. Tooth extraction was required in 25 patients, and 17 patients were curatively treated without tooth extraction. Among the 25 patients who required tooth extraction, 10 underwent ESS and tooth extraction simultaneously, and 6 underwent ESS later because they did not improve with tooth extraction alone. In our study, the presence and size of maxillary sinus perforations were important in determining the indications for tooth extraction. The extent of sinusitis was important in determining the indications for both tooth extraction and ESS. It is necessary for Otorhinolaryngologists and Dentists to cooperate. A prospective study to evaluate and define the optimal treatment for odontogenic sinusitis is warranted.

Patients with nasal septal deviation and hypertrophic rhinitis may experience chronic headaches. In this retrospective study, we evaluated headache symptom improvement in 8 of 63 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for nasal septum deviation in the past 4 years at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital. Fifty-eight of the 63 patients had nasal mucosal contact points on sinus CT or nasal endoscopy, and 8 of these patients experienced headaches. In 7 of the 8 patients, the headaches disappeared or improved after surgery. Notably, all 7 patients with alleviated headaches also presented with allergic rhinitis. Our results indicate that nasal septum deviation surgery or inferior turbinate surgery may ameliorate headaches in patients with nasal septum deviation and allergic rhinitis. Preoperative lidocaine testing appears to be useful in predicting the efficacy of surgery in patients with suspected nasal mucosal contact pain. Long-term monitoring is essential to elucidate the sustained efficacy of surgical intervention in patients with nasal septal deviation.

We conducted a clinical review of 24 patients who were diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma by histology or cytology and treated at our hospital from September 1, 2016 to December 31, 2023. The 1-year survival rate was 41%. The median survival times of the surgical group and non-surgical group were 12.8 months and 4.7 months, respectively which amounted to a statistically significant difference. When examining only the surgery group, survival times were significantly prolonged in the low NLR and normal Hb/CRP groups. Even in cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, we believe that performing surgery with the aim of achieving a radical cure or local control (based on the patient's background and inflammatory markers) may contribute to the prognosis.

Malignant external otitis (MEO) is an invasive infection of the external auditory canal and skull base that typically occurs in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. Most such patients require long-term intravenous antibiotic therapy. We herein report a patient with MEO who was treated with short-term intravenous antibiotic therapy and long-term oral antibiotic therapy. An 83-year-old male patient with a history of diabetes mellitus presented with otorrhea and otalgia. External otitis was also observed in the right ear. His symptoms failed to improve despite treatment with oral antibiotics, and he developed right facial paralysis two weeks after the start of treatment. Based on the findings of a histopathological examination of the external auditory canal, cultures of otorrhea fluid, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, we diagnosed MEO without skull base osteomyelitis. The patient was subsequently treated with intravenous antibiotics for 9 days and then oral antibiotics for 25 weeks. While his facial paralysis persisted, otorrhea and otalgia resolved, with no signs of recurrence for 18 months.

Appropriate treatment of recurrent epistaxis is important. We experienced two cases of massive and recurrent epistaxis caused by a pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery. The two cases involved a 65-year-old female with no notable medical history and a 68-year-old male who had undergone transsphenoidal surgery for a pituitary adenoma 10 years prior, followed by Gamma Knife therapy. Both patients experienced massive epistaxis and were transported to a local emergency center. The patients were referred to our university hospital for multidisciplinary treatment after subsequent imaging studies revealed pseudoaneurysms of the internal carotid artery. Neurosurgeons stopped the bleeding by endovascular embolization. It is important to keep in mind that internal carotid pseudoaneurysms can cause repeated episodes of massive epistaxis. Contrast-enhanced CT should be promptly performed if suspected.

We herein report a case of low-grade non-intestinal sinonasal adenocarcinoma. A 77-year-old woman underwent endoscopic resection of a tumor occupying the left nasal cavity. The surgical margins were negative, and no recurrence was observed more than 18 months after surgery. In cases where sinonasal adenocarcinoma is suspected before surgery, it is important to plan for a negative surgical margin because of the poor prognosis in non-intestinal sinonasal adenocarcinoma cases with a positive surgical margin. If resection is feasible, we consider it a good indication, as it is less invasive. Preoperative embolization of the blood vessels feeding the tumor may help ensure tumor resection by contributing to the reduction of intraoperative hemorrhaging, thereby improving the endoscopic visual field and reducing tumor volume.