臨床神経学
Online ISSN : 1882-0654
Print ISSN : 0009-918X
ISSN-L : 0009-918X
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選択された号の論文の13件中1~13を表示しています
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  • 定藤 規弘
    2024 年 64 巻 4 号 p. 247-251
    発行日: 2024年
    公開日: 2024/04/24
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2024/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス HTML

    人間のコミュニケーションは「意味の伝達と共有を図る双方向的・循環的・創発的な記号・象徴行為」であることから,その神経基盤探索においては,伝達と共有の両概念を適用する必要がある.対面コミュニケーションは,「情報,観念,あるいは態度を共有することにより相手の心的状態を変えること」と定義できる.対面コミュニケーションは「相互予測性」を特徴としており,これにより生成される行動や神経活動の同期現象から,コミュニケーションの神経基盤を明らかにする試みが進行している.

  • Makoto Urushitani, Hitoshi Warita, Naoki Atsuta, Yuishin Izumi, Osamu ...
    2024 年 64 巻 4 号 p. 252-271
    発行日: 2024年
    公開日: 2024/04/24
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2024/03/23
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス HTML

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset intractable motor neuron disease characterized by selective degeneration of cortical neurons in the frontotemporal lobe and motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. Impairment of these neural networks causes progressive muscle atrophy and weakness that spreads throughout the body, resulting in life-threatening bulbar palsy and respiratory muscle paralysis. However, no therapeutic strategy has yet been established to halt ALS progression. Although evidence for clinical practice in ALS remains insufficient, novel research findings have steadily accumulated in recent years. To provide updated evidence-based or expert consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of ALS, the ALS Clinical Practice Guideline Development Committee, approved by the Japanese Society of Neurology, revised and published the Japanese clinical practice guidelines for the management of ALS in 2023. In this guideline, disease-modifying therapies that have accumulated evidence from randomized controlled trials were defined as “Clinical Questions,” in which the level of evidence was determined by systematic reviews. In contrast, “Questions and Answers” were defined as issues of clinically important but insufficient evidence, according to reports of a small number of cases, observational studies, and expert opinions. Based on a literature search performed in February 2022, recommendations were reached by consensus, determined by an independent panel, reviewed by external reviewers, and submitted for public comments by Japanese Society of Neurology members before publication. In this article, we summarize the revised Japanese guidelines for ALS, highlighting the regional and cultural diversity of care processes and decision-making. The guidelines cover a broad range of essential topics such as etiology, diagnostic criteria, disease monitoring and treatments, management of symptoms, respiration, rehabilitation, nutrition, metabolism, patient instructions, and various types of care support. We believe that this summary will help improve the daily clinical practice for individuals living with ALS and their caregivers.

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