巻号一覧
45 巻 (2001)
- 4 号 p. 183-
- 3 号 p. 111-
- 2 号 p. 39-
- 1 号 p. 1-
45 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1～7を表示しています
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総説
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河合 章原稿種別: 総説
専門分野: [not specified]
2001 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 39-59
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2003/03/25
ジャーナル フリーHeavy damage to vegetables caused by Thrips palmi Karny is widespread in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The first appearance of this species in Japan occurred in Miyazaki in 1978. It has since become the most serious pest of cucumber, eggplant and sweet pepper in the western part of Japan. The following characteristics as a pest can be identified from its life cycle and population dynamics: preference for young tissues as a host, a high reproductive rate, a wide range of host plants, inability to survive under the very low and the very high temperatures and low sensitivity to insecticides. The effect of various types of chemicals and various kinds of physical control methods were tested against T. palmi, but since the effect of each method is not effective, the integration of several control methods is necessary. From a simulation on the basis of a population model for T. palmi, the following conclusions were derived; 1) because of the severe low density effect, it is recommended that the population be maintained at a very low density level; 2) insect control with insecticides alone is not adequate; 3) control methods based on cultural practices are also effective suppressing the population density. A control system for T. palmi in a greenhouse is discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (150K)
原著
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II．イサエアヒメコバチとハモグリコマユバチによる生物的防除の現地実証小澤 朗人, 西東 力, 太田 光昭原稿種別: 原著
専門分野: [not specified]
2001 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 61-74
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2003/03/25
ジャーナル フリーThe effectiveness of biological control against Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) on tomatoes was evaluated in commercial greenhouses. Five experiments were conducted at 2 locations, Hamaoka and Shimizu in Shizuoka Prefecture, from summer to winter in 1994, 1995 and 1996. Diglyphus isaea (Walker) and Dacnusa sibirica Telenga were released 3 to 9 times weekly after planting at release rates of 178 to 500 wasps per 10 a in biologically controlled greenhouses. Only selective insecticides such as IGR and BT were applied in bio-controlled (BC) greenhouses, whereas various insecticides including non-selective pesticides were applied in chemical controlled (CC) greenhouses. In Hamaoka, the density of leafminer larvae in BC greenhouses was kept at the same level as in CC greenhouses, and the mortality of leafminer larvae increased up to 100%. The density of mines and the number of adults captured by yellow sticky traps were kept at the same as or lower than those in CC greenhouse, respectively. In Shimizu, the densities of leafminer larvae and mines, and the number of adults captured by yellow sticky traps in BC greenhouses were higher than those in CC greenhouses, but the mortality of leafminer larvae increased up to 100% and the damage to tomato plants was not severe. Maximum percentage of parasitism by the parasitoid complex based on the numbers of adult parasitoids that emerged from collected tomato leaves in BC greenhouses in Hamaoka and Shimizu were 100%. Dominant parasitoid species emerging from L. trifolii larvae in Hamaoka were D. isaea and D. sibirica, while dominant parasitoids in Shimizu were indigenous species, among which Neochrysocharis formosa and Hemiptarsenus varicornis were most dominant. Total frequency of insecticide applications in BC greenhouses were the same as or lower than those in CC greenhouses, but the frequency of insecticide application against leafminers was by far lower than those in CC greenhouses. These results suggest that biological control by the parasitoids against L. trifolii was practically effective on tomatoes in commercial greenhouses.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (159K) -
岡部 貴美子, 宮崎 和弘, 山本 秀樹原稿種別: 原著
専門分野: [not specified]
2001 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 75-81
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2003/03/25
ジャーナル フリーTyrophagus putrescentiae, Pygmephorus mesembrinae, Tarsonemus sp. are common mushroom pest mites in Japan. These mites can not increase in numbers when transferred to a mushroom cultivation medium of sawdust and rice bran, which has been pre-colonized with Hypsozygus marmoreus (cultivated for 7 d at 23°C). Tyrophagus putrescentiae and P. mesembrinae established their populations in both the media not pre-colonized with H. marmoreus and ones with only a weed fungus, Trichoderma harzianum. The initial numbers of mites inoculated to the medium was crucial for certain species. Only 10 female T. putrescentiae whereas 100 females of P. mesembrinae were required for population establishment. Initial conditions such as invasion by numbers of females and/or fungal contamination before mite migration accelerated population increase. Tyrophagus putrescentiae invaded fresh mushroom media in bottles from old ones with high mite density. DNA sequencing confirmed that the fungus growing in the bottles, where originally the mite was inoculated, was the same as that in bottles the mite migrated into. No contamination occurred in media without mites. We, therefore conclude that fungivorous pest mites are important vectors that disperse weed fungi throughout mushroom cultivation facilities.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (77K) -
小林 政信, 小林 茂之, 西森 俊英原稿種別: 原著
専門分野: [not specified]
2001 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 83-88
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2003/03/25
ジャーナル フリーThe development of resistance to a new acaricide, etoxazole, was found in populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, collected from apple orchards in Soma-Mura village, Aomori Prefecture. Laboratory tests showed that a few mite populations of the 30 populations collected from an approximately 7×5 km area were insensitive to the acaricide, even though they have never been exposed to this acaricide. We selected a resistant and a susceptible strain from an insensitive population through selection and reciprocal selection by etoxazole. The resistance ratio calculated from the LC50s of the resistant and susceptible strain was more than 20,000. Crossing tests between the two strains indicated that the resistance to etoxazole was under control of a completely recessive single gene.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (81K)
短報
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佐渡山 安常, 小禄 博昭, 仲盛 広明原稿種別: 短報
専門分野: [not specified]
2001 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 89-91
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2003/03/25
ジャーナル フリーWe clarified that two white grub species, Dasylepida sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Anomala albopilosa sakishimana (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) infested the roots of sugar cane severely and caused the blighted stalks in Miyako Islands through the field survey from Nov. 1997 to Jan. 1998. This is the first record that the larvae of Dasylepida sp. injure sugar cane. Third instar larvae of Dasylepida sp. are smaller in head width and have a whiter body color than those of third instar larvae of A. albopilosa sakishimana. When these two species of larvae were exposed to the ground surface, A. albopilosa sakishimana larvae immediately burrowed into the ground but Dasylepida sp. larvae were extremely sluggish and unable to dig into the ground. The mean number of larvae of Dasylepida sp. on damaged stools was significantly greater than that of A. albopilosa sakishimana. In Miyako Island, larvae of A. albopilosa sakishimana were found extensively from the interior to the coastal areas, whereas occurrence of larvae of Dasylepida sp. was restricted to the interior areas where damaged fields are frequently found.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (150K) -
柳沼 勝彦原稿種別: 短報
専門分野: [not specified]
2001 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 91-94
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2003/03/25
ジャーナル フリーLepidopteran larvae infected with an entomopathogenic fungus were collected from blueberry fields in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Morphological and cultural characters of this fungus were investigated. The fungus was identified as Paecilomyces amoeneroseus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (278K) -
佐原 健, 斎藤 寛, 菊池 邦夫, 山田 恭裕, 浅野 眞一郎, 伴戸 久徳原稿種別: 短報
専門分野: [not specified]
2001 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 94-98
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2003/03/25
ジャーナル フリーDried-leaf powder of six host plants, Quercus acuta, Q. dentata, Q. acutissima, Q. serrata, Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata and Moulus pumila were evaluated as components of an artificial diet for rearing the wild silkworm Antheraea yamamai. Small-scale rearing of 5 larvae and large-scale rearing of 20 larvae were conducted to compare the viability, growth speed and cocoon quality. With respects to the cocoon qualities, Q. m. var. grosseserrata and M. pumila were preferable components of the artificial diet. For rearing of A. yamamai as an experimental animal, leaf powder of Q. m. var. grosseserrata was a suitable component because it resulted in high survival rate, earlier maturation and decrease of abnormal pupae.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (103K)
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