巻号一覧
50 巻 (2006)
- 4 号 p. 283-
- 3 号 p. 201-
- 2 号 p. 87-
- 1 号 p. 1-
50 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
総説
-
浅野 昌司2006 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 283-296
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2007/02/06
ジャーナル フリーBacillus thuringiensis has been utilized widely as one of representative microbial insecticides. The toxic activity of B. thuringiensis to lepidopterous insects has been evaluated based on mortality, feeding amounts or growth rates. The bioassay methods include leaf dip, diet incorporation and oral administration. Each bioassay method has merits and demerits in evaluating biological activity; therefore, it is important to select the most appropriate method depending on the purpose of the bioassay. Measurement of the response of insects such as rate of feeding reduction or growth retardation is also important to evaluate the sublethal activity of B. thuringiensis. The author reviews the bioassay methods and the problems in evaluating the biological activity of B. thuringiensis to lepidopterous insects.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (303K)
原著
-
I. セイヨウミツバチの花粉媒介の効果宮本 雅章, 小野 正人, 佐々木 正己, 阿部 晴夫, 剣持 伊佐男2006 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 297-304
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2007/02/06
ジャーナル フリーThe effectiveness of using the European honeybee Apis mellifera as pollinators of eggplants in greenhouses was examined by analyzing foraging behavior on flowers and the effects of pollination. Foraging honeybees were observed to move the tips of eggplant anthers up and down repeatedly using their forelegs and mouthparts, create pollen loads on their hind legs, and forage on 65% to 82% of the total pollen per flower. Transfer of pollen to the stigma, number of seeds per fruit, and eggplant fruiting were increased significantly by visiting honeybees compared to no visits. Therefore, we conclude that honeybees are effective pollinators of greenhouse eggplants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (787K) -
石本 万寿広, 佐藤 秀明2006 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 305-310
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2007/02/06
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of supplying grains as supplementary food on nymphal development and the fecundity of adults in the rice leaf bug, Trigonotylus caelestialium (Kirkaldy), were investigated under laboratory conditions. The emergence rate of adults was 3.3% when nymphs were reared on rice seedlings alone, while the rate was 93.1–96.7% when nymphs were reared on rice seedlings with wheat grains or hulled rice. As compared with bugs reared on wheat seedlings alone, the developmental periods of nymphs reared on wheat seedlings with wheat grains or hulled rice were shorter, and the forewing length of the emerged adults was longer. The number of eggs produced by females fed on wheat seedlings with grains was 3.3–5.2-fold that of females fed on wheat seedlings alone. It was concluded that grains are very important food for the rice leaf bug, and that grain feeding raises its reproduction rate. It is suggested that the availability of seeds on the host plant affects the development and fecundity of this bug.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (367K) -
石本 万寿広, 佐藤 秀明, 村岡 裕一, 青木 由美, 滝田 雅美, 野口 忠久, 福本 毅彦, 望月 文昭, 高橋 明彦, 樋口 博也2006 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 311-318
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2007/02/06
ジャーナル フリーThe efficiency of a pheromone trap was evaluated as an alternative to the “sweeping method” that has been established as a monitoring method of the rice leaf bug, Trigonotylus caelestialium. A sticky trap, a plate with sticky surfaces on both sides, was used and a rubber septum impregnated with 0.01 mg of the synthetic sex pheromone was placed at the center of the upper side of the plate. The sticky traps were installed in paddy fields in Joetsu and Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture and Toyama, Toyama Prefecture. The most effective trap height was estimated to be near the canopy of rice plants; therefore, the sticky trap was placed by poles at the height of the canopy in the center of a paddy field, and the traps were checked every day throughout the growing season in 2005. Monitoring by means of the sweeping method was also performed in the same fields at approximately five-day intervals. The number of adults captured by sweeping increased from the middle of June to early or mid-July, and then decreased, irrespective of region or rice variety, and the adults increased again at the heading time of each rice variety. The fluctuation pattern of males caught in traps and the number of males captured by sweeping were roughly synchronized in each paddy field. This result suggests that the pheromone trap can be utilized as a monitoring tool for the rice leaf bugs in paddy fields.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (575K) -
遠藤 信幸, 松倉 啓一郎, 和田 節, 佐々木 力也2006 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 319-323
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2007/02/06
ジャーナル フリーTo understand the significance of the cross-attraction of Piezodorus hybneri to Riptortus pedestris pheromone, we investigated the physiological conditions of P. hybneri attracted to the synthetic pheromone of R. pedestris. More than 95% of P. hybneri females caught during the non-diapause period (from August to September) had already been mated. The adults were also attracted by the pheromone in late autumn, when they are likely to be in reproductive diapause. Fat-body development and the appearance of the stomach of the attracted adults varied from season to season, and no clear tendency was found. The function of R. pedestris pheromone for conspecifics has been demonstrated to be communication for food searching. Considering this function in R. pedestris and that nymphs and diapausing adults of P. hybneri are also attracted by the pheromone, P. hybneri possibly utilizes the R. pedestris pheromone for host searching (as a kairomone), rather than for mate finding.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (227K) -
小野 知洋, 高木 百合香2006 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 325-330
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2007/02/06
ジャーナル フリーThe pill bug Armadillidium vulgare shows clear turn alternation behavior. As the mechanism underlying the behavior, the bilateral asymmetrical leg movement (BALM) hypothesis has been proposed. Pill bugs, however, showed a longer following when in a zigzag pathway than in a straight pathway, suggesting the presence of an innate turning pattern in their neural system. On the other hand, they showed clear thigmotaxis: they walked a similar distance along a single side-wall as along a straight pathway. The adaptive significance of this behavior was analyzed in an artificial arena. The turn alternation was more frequent in an escaping situation than in voluntary walking, and also the walking speed was faster when escaping than voluntary walking. These results suggest that the turn alternation of the pill bug functions as a behavior for effective escape from natural enemies.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (543K) -
平井 利明2006 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 331-335
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2007/02/06
ジャーナル フリーIt was investigated whether the Japanese tree frog, Hyla japonica, uses PVC pipes as refuges and whether the installment of PVC pipes in the banks of rice fields increases the abundance of H. japonica. Hyla japonica used the pipe as a refuge regardless of the internal diameter of the pipes tested and the distance from the water’s edge, and most frogs were concentrated near the pipe refuges. Few frogs were found on banks in which pipes were not installed. From these results, it is suggested that the loss of natural refuges by bank compacting would diminish the populations of this species in rice fields. This is the first report on the effects of bank compacting on frogs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (549K)
短報
-
北島 博, 菅 栄子, 槇原 寛2006 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 337-340
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2007/02/06
ジャーナル フリーLarvae of the swift moth, Endoclita excrescens (Butler) were reared on an artificial diet under a long (16 : 8 h light/dark) or short (10 : 14 h light/dark) stationary photoperiod at 25°C. Larvae were also reared under different photoperiod conditions; second to ninth larval instars were transferred from a long photoperiod condition to a short photoperiod condition. The larvae sporadically pupated at low rates under long (20%) and short (7%) stationary photoperiods. By contrast, the larvae almost synchronously pupated at the highest rate (90%) when they were transferred from the long photoperiod to the short photoperiod at the ninth larval instar. These results show that the pupation of E. excrescens can be accelerated by transferring the larvae from a long photoperiod to a short photoperiod at the ninth larval instar. Adult emergence of E. excrescens in the field is, therefore, thought to occur from late summer to autumn.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (389K) -
德丸 晋, 阿部 芳久2006 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 341-345
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2007/02/06
ジャーナル フリーHymenopterous parasitoids of leafminers, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae), L. trifolii (Burgess), and L. bryoniae (Kaltenbach) infesting commercially grown vegetables and ornamental crops were occasionally surveyed in various locations in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, in 1998, 2000, 2001, and 2002. The parasitoid that emerged from leafminer larvae or pupae were composed of 22 species: three braconids, four pteromalids, and 15 eulophids. Among them, Opius sp. (relative abundance: 14.5%), Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker) (33.9%) and Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) (31.5%) were dominant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (191K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|