In order to include the pressure effect in the concentration of any physical quantity, a potential quantity is defined. If A is a number in an appropriate unit in a unit volume of air and ν the volume of air of unit mass and the relation Aν=A0ν0 holds between two states, α=A
p-l000mb=AF
x (P, P
d) is defined as a potential A, where P=1000mb. The functional form of F
x(P, P
d) is given to each process of change, α is conservative for the process. According to this definition, we can define various potential quantities, which are conservative for each assigned process.
Potential concentration :ν=n(P/P
d)1/r, where n is the number of particles in a unit volume.
Potential vapor amount : P=ρν(P/P
d)1/r, which is conservative for dry adiabatic change and is equal to ξdo, whereξis mixing ratio.
Potential water content : W=(ρν+∑n (r) m (r)) F
x (P, P
d), where n (r) and m (r) are the number density and the mass of cloud droplet of radius r. If the process is dry adiabatic F
x(P, P
d)≈(P/P
d)1/r and if the process is moist (pseudo adiabatic and adiabatic), F
x (P, P
d)≈(P/P
d)
1/rexp[(r-1)r
-1LP
d-1∑n(r)m(r)], where L is the latent heat of condensation.
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