巻号一覧
47 巻, 7 号
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青木 国雄, 遠藤 昌一1972 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 199-204
発行日: 1972/07/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーIt is inappropriate to compare the prevalence of active tuberculosis in the 1953 nationwide tuberculosis survey with that of 1958 or 1963, as the criteria for active cases in 1953 were different from that in 1958 or 1963.
The authors tried to estimate the prevalence of active cases in 1953 provided that the criteria in 1953 were the same as that in 1958 or 1963, by moving the system of our epidemetric model of tuberculosis backward, which we have reported in 1970.
Various parameters during 1953 to 1958 were estimated as the same procedure during 1958 to 1968, and the other parameters are the same as before.
The initial situation was set at 1968. The output which the model generated has been examined comparing the results of nationwide tuberculosis prevalence survey in 1963 and 1958, and about the same figures could be obtained.
Then, the prevalence of active cases of tuberculosis estimated in 1953 was computed, and the results are as follows: Active cases with cavity were 632, 400 and those without cavity 3, 898, 600, totalled 4, 530, 000 cases, that is 5.2% of general population. Comparing the above results with the figures in 1953 nationwide tuberculosis survey, the marked differences were obtained in the age groups 30 to 69. It may be caused by the difference of the criteria.
If the figures of prevalence during 1953. to 1968 are comparable, the reduction rates for the cases without cavity are 35% during 1953 to 1958, 30% during 1958 to 1963 and 25% during 1963 to 1968, and for the cases with cavity, they are 35%, 30% and 11%, respectively.
The other estimations were carried out under the conditions that the prevalence of active cases were the highest in 1955 during the study period, or the real prevalence in 1953 were 5, 350, 000, which were the sum of active and inactive cases in the 1953 nationwide tuberculosis surve
Comparing various figures of prevalence estimated in 1953, the trend of prevalence in Japan was discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (797K) -
“Mycobacterium” rhodochrous の新しいgenus Gordona へのくみいれ束村 道雄1972 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 205-213
発行日: 1972/07/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリー“Mycobacterium” rhodochrous is being regarded as an intermediate organism between Mycobacterium and Nocardia, but its taxonomic position is not yet established. The present study has been designed to elucidate the taxonomy of this mysterious organism. Previously, the present author isolated flinty strains of “Mycobacterium” rhodochrous-like organisms from sputa of patients and soils. The organisms showed intermediate characters between Mycobacterium and Nocardia and were considered to be a new genus, Gordona. The Gordona was considered to belong to family Mycobacteriaceae, as the organisms showed slight acid-fastness and lacked mycelium. At that time, it was pointed out that the organisms have common features with “M.” rhodochrous ATCC 13808 in respect to distinguishing characters which differentiate Mycobacterium (rapid-growing mycobacteria) from Nocardia. This finding suggested that the organisms and “M.” rhodochrous belong to the same genus. In the present study, characters of 6 strains of “M.” rhodochrous were compared with those of Gordona, Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Mycococcus. The methods used for testing were described previously
1. Characters of 6 strains of “M.” rhodochrous are shown in Tables 1 to 5 together with those of 3 representative strains of Gordona and 1 strain of Mycococcus. Strain BKM B-963 of Mycococcus luteus is only strain of genus Mycococcus being maintained in the All Union Collection of Microorganisms, Moscow.
2. As seen in Tables 1 to 5 and in Tables 6 and 7, the characters of Mycococcus luteus are significantly different from those of strains of Gordona and “M.” rhodochrous. As seen in S-values shown in Table 6, the characters of the strains of “M.” rhodochrous differed from strain to strain, and difference between the strains was often greater than difference (S-value less than 85%) between the species of Mycobacterium and of Nocardia. Among strains of Gordona, strain NCTC 10669 of G. rubra and strain NCTC 10669 of G. terrae show a S-value of 93% in Table 6. Even these two species showing such S-value could be differentiated by numerical method showing a statistically significant difference. Thus, the result shown in Table 6 seems to suggest that the “M.” rhodochrous strains have heterogenous characters ascomparable as different species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1109K) -
BCG接種の費用と効果遠藤 昌一, 青木 国雄1972 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 215-219
発行日: 1972/07/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーCost and Benefit of BCG vaccination was analysed during 1958 to 1978 in Japan.
The reduction of active cases of tuberculosis during the study period was estimated by simulation analysis using our epidemetric model of tuberculosis which was already reported in 1970, under the condition that the present tuberculosis control programme including BCG vaccination was continued (Schedule A), or that BCG vaccination programme was stopped and the protective power of previous BCG became null at 1958 and the other tuberculosis control programme was the same as Schedule A. For Schedule A, the protective power of BCG was 50% and fell by one percent per year for the study period.
At the end of 1978, 270 thousands cases of tuberculosis might have been saved, and altogether 4.17 millions person-years might be reduced during 20 years of the study period.
The costs of BCG vaccination and medicare for one case was calculated from the annual expenditure for tuberculosis in all Japan, for 1958 to 1970 and estimated during 1971 to 1978 provided that their cost increased at 5% for year.
Total cost of BCG vaccination was estimated 9.6 billions yen until 1978 and the saving in expenditure of the medicare for 270 thousands active cases totalled 4.17 millions person-years costs 325.9 billions yen which did not include the indirect cost of medicare and the loss of production.
Even if BCG vaccination costs ten times as high as the present estimate, vaccination would have been a very profitable investment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (666K) -
馬場 治賢, 吾妻 洋1972 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 221-226
発行日: 1972/07/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーFrom 1968, we are giving to our patients all the chemotherapeutic drugs once a day. Till then, oral administrations were usually given by 3 divided dosage method.
Clinical results and side-effects were compared between 394 cases of the divided daily dosage group and 443 cases of the single group. The background factors of these two groups were fast similar (Table 1).
The negative conversion rate for 3 consecutive months of the cases treated with the chemotherapeutic regimen for more than six months was 83.2% in the divided group and 89.9% in the single group. The latter was slightly higher but the difference was statistically not significant.
There were also no significant differences between the two groups in the following factors: Primary and secondary drugs (Table 2), extent of the lesion (Table 3), number of combined sensitive drugs (Table 4, Fig. 1), size of cavity (Table 5, 6), bacillary relapse (Table 7) and speed of negative conversion (Fig. 2, 3).
The reasons for stopping or changing the regimen before the sixth month showed no connection with the single dosage of drugs (Table 8).
The incidence of side-effects was 42 cases or 10.7% in the divided group and 41 cases or 9.3% in the single group. Although gastrointestinal disorders by ethionamide seems to be little more frequent in the single dosage group, the difference was statistically not significant (Table 9)
According to the section survey on the drug intake status, 81.8% of cases tolerated 10g of PAS once a day and 78.4% of cases tolerated 0.5 g of ethionamide once a day.
In conclusion, we can say that there are no differences in clinical effects and side-effects between single and divided daily dosage methods. The single dosage method may be slightly superior, however in a sense that it is easier to supevise drug administration and the chance of failure in taking the drugs is less.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (786K) -
第3編Sauton変法培地から得られたPPDsとグルクロン酸ナトリウム (NaG) との結合物 (PPDs-G) の製法とその性状について武田 育子, 石館 守三1972 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 227-233
発行日: 1972/07/15
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous papers, the authors reported that. PPDs from Sauton medium chemically combined with sodium glucuronate (NaG) under physiological conditions and that PPDs from modified Sauton medium would be preferable to that from Sauton medium, since physicochemical properties and tuberculin potencies of the former PPDs are invariable from. Lot to Lot.
In order to prepare PPDs-G in homogeneous and reproducible state, we made PPDs from modified Sauton medium, and react them with NaG by simillar method as described in part I, and obtained PPDs-G. This paper presents the method of preparation of F'PDs-G and its physicochemical and biological properties.
A mixture of PPDs and NaG (containing 5μC of 6-14C-NaG) in the ratio of 1 to 5 by weight in 0.2M phosphate buffer of pH 7.2 with a small amount of antiseptic were incubated at 38-40°C for 110-120 hours. The reaction mixture was then dialyzed against distilled water for 30 hours. Dialysate was condensed using Sephadex G 100 and applied to a column of Sephadex G 75. As seen in Fig. 1, elution curve of NaG was found to coincide with the first peak of PPDs, while by chromatography of a mixture of NaG and PPDs, the former could be completely separated from the latter. This suggests that PPDs combines with NaG. By calculation of NaG/PPDs in each fraction tube, it was found that the amount of NaG which was combined with PPDs would be at about 2-3% by weight of PPDs.
Physicochemical properties of PPDs-G were as follows:
(a) PPDs-G showed a little smaller value than PPDs in nitrogen content.
(b) PPDs-G showed 2 bands in disc electrophoresis, using Tris-Glycin buffer of pH 8.6, one of which had a larger electrophoretic mobility than that of PPDs itself (Fig. 2). Isoelectric point of PPDs-G was estimated to be about 3.5-3. 7 by electric focusing in pH gradients (Fig. 3).
(c) The reduction of basic amino acids content was observed in PPDs-G by amino acid analysis (Table 1).
Biological properties of PPDs-G were as follows:
(a) By tuberculin skin test, no significant difference was observed between the potencies of PPDs and PPDs-G.
(b) The tuberculous guinea pigs were injected with either PPDs or PPDs-G. The number of dead animals in the group injected with PPDs-G seemed to be smaller than that in the group injected with PPDs (Table 2).
(c) An attempt has been made by our coworkers to use PPDs-G as therapeutic agent against tuberculosis by combining them with chemotherapeutic agents. Preliminary study on the clinical effect is now under way.
We further examined physicochemical properties of PPDs preparations from modified Sauton medium by measuring the contents, of nitrogen, sulfur, sugar, nucleic acids, or by ultracentrifugal analyses. As shown in Table 3, it was assumed that PPDs was not a pure substance as yet, but there was slight difference in physicochemical properties from Lot to Lot.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1049K)
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