The effects of cyclophosphamide (CY) on reticuloendothelial system (RES) and immune responsiveness were studied in mice.
1) Single injection of sublethal dose of CY reduced the number of peritoneal cells, but the activity as measured by increased rates of carbon clearance and peritoneal macrophage spreading sustained almost normal immediately after CY injection. Thereafter the activity of RES increased slowly and reached its maximum about 10 days later.
2) CY-pretreatment increased delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and decreased the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) to sheep red blood cells immunized 3 days after injection of CY, while thereafter it was found that DTH decreased and the production of PFC increased and reached to a peak about 10 days later.
3) CY-pretreatment reduced a resistance against pseudomonas infection 3 days after injection, while the increased resistance was found thereafter and reached to a peak about 10 days later.

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前にTsukamura and Mizunoは, 35S-methionineとりこみ後に, 抗酸菌の脂質の薄層クロマト (thin-layerchromatography) を行ない, その放射性スポットの分布が菌種によつて種々のパターンを示すことを観察した. 大部分の菌種では, 菌種特有のパターンがみられたが, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, M. gordonaeおよびM. flavescensでは菌株により異なる2つ以上のパターンがみられた. その後, M. avium, M. intmcellulam, M. scrofulaceumおよびM. gordonaeのパターンについて観察を続けたところ, M. gordonaeが菌株によつて異なる最も多くの異なるパターンを示し, 前3者の示すパターンはM. gordonaeのこれらパターンに含まれることがわかつたので報告する.

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In our country 1% Ogawa's egg media are used for drug resistance test of tubercle bacilli. The report presents the results of experimental studies on decrease of drug acitivity during the storage of drug-containing media in diferent temperature.
The methods of examination and the results of studies are summarized as follows:
1) The drug-containing media of streptomycin, isoniazid, PAS, rifampicin, ethambutol, ethionamide, cycloserine, kanamycin, capreomycin, viomycin and enviomycin (a new drug produced in Japan and used for treatment of tuberculosis) were prepared and stored in 4-5°C refrigerator, 22°C, 30°C, 37°C thermoregulators. The drug resistance test of H₃₇Rv and strains isolated from previously untreated patients were performed at 1, 2 weeks and 1, 2 months after preparation of drug-containing media. The results of test were compared with that of test used drug-containing media before storage (used immediately after preparation).
The decrease of drug activity was most marked in ethionamide and rifampicin containing media stored outside of refrigerator and the decrease of drug activity was not observed in PAS, streptomycin, kanamycin, capreomycin, viomycin and enviomycin containing media. The degree of decrease of drug activity was as follows; rifampicin>ethionamide>cycloserine>isoniazid>ethambutol.
In the case of storage in refrigerator ethionamide showed the decrease of drug activity after two months storage, but other drug did not show the decrease of drug activity within 3 to 6 months.
2) The drug-containing media of streptomycin, kanamycin, capreomycin, viomycin and enviomycin were stored in 30°C thermoregulator and the drug resistance was examined by using these media after 3 and 6 months' storage. According to the test results, slight decrease of drug activity of streptomycin and capreomycin was observed but other drugs did not show the decrease of drug activity within 6 months.
Conclusively, the decrease of drug activity was marked in ethionamide and rifampicin containing media and was slight in ethambutol containing media during storage outside the refrigerator. The drug-containing media for drug resistance test of tubercle bacilli should be stored in refrigerator afer preparation and be used within 1 month.

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Sixty seven cases with pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis (2 by M. kansasii, 62 by M. intracellulare, 2 by M. fortuitum and 1 by a possible new pathogen of group III mycobacteria) died in 9 Japanese national sanatoria up to October 1976.
Of these 67 cases, 40 died of atypical mycobacterial disease, and the remaining 27 cases died of other diseases. Roentgenological aggravation was found in 44 cases (1 by M. kansasii, 1 by M. fortuitum and 42 by M. intracellulare).
There were various types of roentgenological aggravation. Spread of non-cavitary foci, infiltrate and pneumonia were found most frequently (40/44, 90.9%). Enlargement of cavity was found in 12 cases (27.2%), appearance of pleural effusion in 5 cases (11.4%), and spontaneous pneumothorax in 3 cases.
Infection of bulla was found in 11 out of 22 cases with bullae as the underlying disease.
The first roentgenological aggravation was found in 20 (45.5%) out of 44 cases within 12 months; 13 cases (29.5%) between 13 to 24 months; and 11 cases (25%) over 2 years after the discovery of the disease.
From the results mentioned above, in the fatal cases, progression of the disease was predicted by the appearance of the roentgenological aggravation within 2 years after the discovery of the disease.
There were various courses of the progression of the lesions as shown in Figures 2a and 2b. One of the typical course of the progression was devided into the following 5 stages:
The first stage: localized cavitary lesion.
The second stage: spread of foci around cavity.
The third stage: spread of foci in contralateral lung.
The fourth stage: enlargement of cavity (appearance of giant cavity).
The fifth stage: extensive pneumonia in the lower lung field. Another typical course of the progression was the repeated infections of bullae.
Roentgenological aggravation found in patients with atypical mycobacterial disease was not rarely due to the mixed infection with various organisms (gram-negative bacilli, fungi and also human type tubercle bacilli).
The majority of the patients with underlying pulmonary disease (extensive emphysema, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis) died of pulmonary insufficiency in the relatively early stage of atypical mycobacteriosis.
The patients with the mixed infection have died, in spite of the negative conversion or the dicrease of the excretion of atypical mycobacteria.
There were two cases (M. intracellulare infection) complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis.

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Enviomycin (EVM, Tuberactinomycin) は放線菌streptomyces griseoverticilatus var. tuberacticus N6-130から得られた抗生物質で抗結核作用を有することが基礎実験で確認され, すでに臨床的にも治療効果が認められ, 特にVMより有効で毎日投与にもかかわらず聴力障害の低率なことが報告されている.
大阪地区EVM共同研究班では, 今回長期入院中の肺結核患者に対してEVM療法を行ない, その治療効果と副作用について検討したのでその成績を報告する.

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The purpose of present study is to analyse the clinical picture and the state of cell-mediated immunity on pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis.
Cell-mediated immunity was examined by the methods of tuberculin skin test and in vitro thymidine uptake of lymphocytes stimulated with PPD and PHA.
The study subjects were 26 cases of pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis, who were admitted to Keio University Hospital from 1966 to 1976.
The results of the clinical analysis of 26 cases was closely similar to those previously reported in Japan, except the fact that the frequency of subjective complaints of this disease at the first medical examirration was higher than that of pulmonary tuberculosis in the anther's material. Tuberculin tests were examined for 21 patients of which twelve reacted positive, five negative and four doubtful positive. Among cases with negative and doubtful tuberculin reactions and showed clinical improvement, their tuberculin reaction turned to positive, and in one case who showed worsening, tuberculin reaction converted to negative.
Lymphocyte response to PPD and PHA was carried out by the following methods. Blood was taken from 11 cases of pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis, from 13 adults patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and from 10 healthy hospital employees in whom the skin reactivity to PPD was positive. All donors had not been tuberculin tested for some weeks prior to the examination. Preparation of lymphocytes was carried out by the method of gravity sedimentation. Culture were set up in glass tubes containing 1×10⁶-lymphocytes in 2ml of Eagle' medium supplemented with 10% fetal-calf-serum and with 100 us PC and 100μg SM/ml, and then 2μg/ml of PPD or 10-3/ml of PHA solution were added to these tubes.
It was found that the concentration of PPD of 2μg/ml in culture suspension gave the maximal stimulation for lymphocytes from tuberculin positive donors. The duration of culture was 5 days for PPD-stimulated and 3 days for PHA-stimulated cultures and 0.2μCi of 2-¹⁴C-thymidine was added to those cultures at 4 hours before harvesting of cultures and the harvesting was performed using a modification of the method described by Dutton and Page (1964). The samples were counted in a liquid scintillation counter, and these results were shown as disintegrations per minute after correction for quenting and efficiency. The thymidine uptake after stimulation with PPD and PHA was shown as the subtracted value of the thymidine uptake of unstimulated lymphocytes from that of stimulated lymphocytes.
The thymidine uptake afer stimulation with PPD was studied in the following three groups, and it was 1, 565±2, 541 DPM (mean±S. D.) for pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis, 5, 231±2, 070 DPM for tuberculosis and 5, 377±2, 487 DPM for healthy donors. Thymidine uptake after stimula tion with PHA was also studied in the above mentioned three groups, and it was 18, 617±12, 276 DPM, 33, 081±9, 385 DPM and 36, 197±5, 658 DPM, respectively.
The value of these thymidine uptake after stimulation both by PPD and PHA in pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis was significantly lower than that in the other twc groups. Accordingly it could be said that there were general depression of cell-mediated immunity in cases with atypical mycobacteriosis.

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