The transparency of thin fabrics has been studied as the property for transferring light from the view point of the visual acuity determined by Randolt's ring-figures through thin fabrics. A definition of opacity of a thin fabric has been given. The results obtained were as follows:
1) First, an influence of conditions of visual inspection were investigated on the visual acuity. Visual acuity=0.4log₁₀ (luminance of back ground, cd/m²) +1.06log₁₀ (contrast) +1.07 where,
contrast= (luminance of back ground) - (luminance of Randolt's ring-figure) / (luminance of back ground)
2) Second, the above result was applied to thin fabrics. The opacity of a thin fabric was defined as follows:
Opacity= (visual acuity) - (visual acuity to Randolt's ring-figure on a white back ground through a thin fabric)
0.66log₁₀ {β/β₂+t²} =1.06log₁₀ (t²)
where, β: radiance factor of the fabric,
β₂: radiance factor of the back ground of Randolt's ring-figure,
t: transparency of the fabric.
3) The above formula agreed well with the actual visual inspection.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the preference of color and the consciousness of fashion in selecting clothes.
At first, preferred colors and colors of clothes worn were investigated by using a method of interview survey, and the occurrence rates of each color in the reply were obtained. Based on the occurrence rate the analysis of correlation coefficients and of variance was conducted. Next, a consciousness of fashion was, determined by the samantic differential method, its fundamental factors were abstracted and the relationship between the preference of color and the consciousness of fashion was studied. As a result, following colors appeared very often in the reply as the preferred colors and those of clothes worn: achromatic color: red, yellow, blue and green in hue; and light, bright, vivid and pale in tone.
The factors of the consciousness of fashion were represented by five factors: an interest in fashion, sense of fashion, attitude toward wearing clothes, attitude toward making-up, and a tendency of preference. It was recognized that the preference of color tended to agree with each factor of fashion consciousness in selecting clothes.

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The influences of drycleaning by various solvent on the characteristics of 33 dyed fabrics, on the market, for Japanese silk kimonos (Japanese traditional costumes) were investigated experimentally. First of all, the removal effect of sodium chloride as a model of water soluble stains on these fabrics was tested. Then, the change in shade by stain removal agents was also examined. Results obtained in this study were as follows:
1) Since there was no remarkable change in shrinkage and shade of fabrics, the influences of the drycleaning on the characteristics of these fabrics were very little.
2) However, in some fabrics the spotting by water or by water solution of neutral detergent might cause remarkable change in color migration and in shrinkage.
3) The removing efficiency of sodium chloride stains was very poor in the case of prespotting in drycleaning by brushing or ultrasonic spotter that was used as a standard drycleaning technique for kimonos. By contrast, the removing efficiency of sodium chloride stains by steam spotting was very remarkable, though this method causes slight change in color and shrinkage for some kimono fabrics.

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