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Volume 33, Issue 12
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Shigeko Nakanishi, Noriyo Fukui, Chikako Aoki1992 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages 633-641
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the standpoint of end-use and practical performances, attention was focused on preparing a multifunctional cotton fabric which possesses performances of flame retardancy combined with water repellency. Studies were attempted to establish the finishing condition by which both performances play their rolls in the best condition.
The results are summarized as follows, as far as findings obtained from the present investigations are concerned.
1. In the case of the use of undurable flame retardants, Scotch Guard® (fluorine type) showed the highest applicability as a water repellent agent, the most favorable concentrations of which were found to be 7% for 30% of flame retardant N and 3% for 20% of flame retardant B respectively. As to the curing condition, heating for 7min at 150°C was regarded as most adequate.
2. In the case of combination with durable flame retardants, flame retardant C preferred a fluorine type water repellent Scotch Guard®, while silicone type Geranex® was recommendable for flame retardant P. Curing for 4.5min at 160°C gave the most favorable results.
The most recommendable soaping conditions were revealed to rinse for 5min at 40°C for flame retardant C and 0.5min, 90°C for flame retardant P respectively.
As a result of 25-cycle laundering, better durability was observed for the flame retardancy than water repellency in the case of combination of flame retardant P and Geranex®. On the other hand, water repellency was more durable when flame retardant C was combined with Scotch Guard®.View full abstractDownload PDF (1243K) -
(Part 2) : Effect of Substrate Structure on the Liquid Flow in the Foam DyeingMasashi Kobayashi, Toshiko Kitamura, Motoi Minagawa1992 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages 642-648
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the foam dyeing of the nylon 6 substrate with disperse dye (C.I. Disperse Violet 1), the influence of the substrate structure on the liquid flow was investigated in terms of the thickness of diffusional boundary layer calculated by using Newman's equation.
1) In the foam dyeing of nylon 6 muslin at 80°C (air flow rate: 1 dm3 min-1), coefficient of diffusion Df=1.04×10-8cm2 min-1, boundary layer parameter L=1.48, and thickness of diffusional boundary layer δD=10.4×10-3cm were obtained.
2) The move of Plateau border in the foam dyeing exerts a large effect on the flow in the liquid phase on the surface of the fabric and the constituent yarn of the fabric. The downward flew of the liquid owing to the gravity becomes important regarding the liquid flow surrounding the individual fiber of the yarn.View full abstractDownload PDF (845K) -
Part 3 : Clothing Pressure of BlousesHaruko Makabe, Hiroko Momota, Tamaki Mitsuno, Kazuo Ueda1992 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages 649-660
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe measurement of clothing pressure and sensory tests of blouses was carried out in relation to the upper limb motion. Blouse samples differed mainly in areas of ease, angle of sleeve and side length (from arm to waist) . We examined the relation between the clothing pressure and the fitness to the human body to learn the basic conditions for a comfortable clothing pattern. The results are as follows:
1) Sample A45, having little ease at the shoulder and the armcap, and its side length being short, showed a higher clothing pressure at the region of measurement c (about 3 cm below the region of measurement a, on the upper arm side of the front armscye) . Samples S60 and B, having suitable ease at the above mentioned areas, showed a higher clothing pressure at the region of measurement a. At these regions, stationary values of clothing pressure in a stable state attained after a limb motion of 135°, were 29.2-35.2mmHg in sample A45, and 15.3-21.8mmHg in samples S60 and B.
2) Subjects expressed little or slight discomfort when the clothing pressure was 0-20mmHg. The subjects complained a little at 20-30mmHg, but complained bitterly when the pressure exceeded 30 mmHg at the region of measurement c with their upper limb elevated at 135°.
3) The measurement of clothing pressure has revealed that conditions necessary for more comfortable blouse patterns which can follow body movement according to the motion of the upper limb are: both front and back shoulder points to waist being set up well; the N.L. and the shoulder being fitted for individual subjects; having appropriate ease of movement at the shoulder and the armcap areas; and the side length being long enough in basic posture.View full abstractDownload PDF (5894K) -
(Part V) —Objective Evaluation of Mechanical and Surface Properties Related to the Contact Sensation—Sachiko Sukigara, Takako Fujimoto, Masako Niwa1992 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages 661-669
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe evaluation of contact sensation against panty hoses were carried out by the measurement of mechanical and surface properties and also the wearing test. Samples used for this study were woollie, sheer and support types.
It was found at an atmospheric condition of 20°C, 67%RH that the sample which gave soft sensation to the skin was preferred as comfortable toutch. This result was considered to be related to the fact that the linearity of compression and tensile stress and surface roughness (SMD) of comfortable hoses are smaller than those of other samples. At 27°C, 70%RH, the difference among samples was not evaluated by subjects after 10-minute walk.
For the measurement of frictional properties, it is necessary to consider the extension ratio of samples and the orientation of fabric. However, the effect of sliding speed of the surface contactor on the coefficient of friction was found to be small in this study.View full abstractDownload PDF (2562K) -
Ikuko Ogawa1992 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages 670-676
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMaterial balances of fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs) in practical washing of commercial white cotton fabrics finished with triazinylstilbene-type FBAs were studied using household detergents (bisstilbene-type FBA built or FBA-free) by a household washing machine. The results are compared with those of washings of cotton fabrics whitened by direct dyeing.
Quantitative analysis of the FBAs on cotton fabrics after repeated washing were performed by HPLC.
Following results were obtained:
1. The amount of FBA desorption from commercial cotton fabrics by the washing was much more than that from cotton fabrics whitened by a direct dyeing.
2. FBA contained in detergents compensated a fraction of the FBA desorbed from cotton fabrics. The amount of FBA absorption to cotton fabrics from detergent was proportional to the amount of FBA desorped from cotton fabrics under these washing conditions.
3. Under all washing conditions the surface reflectance of cotton fabrics was little lowered by the washing.View full abstractDownload PDF (727K) -
Part 5: The Effect of Number of Carbons in Sodium Alkyl Sulfonate on DetergencyBo Liu, Masaru Oya, Masako Sato, Motoi Minagawa1992 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages 677-683
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of number of carbons in sodium alkyl sulfonate on foaming power, foam stability and blow ratio were discussed. Relation between these foam properties and removal of Fe2O3 particles was discussed from the view point of the detaching action and the transport action. The following results were obtained.
The foaming power, the foam stability and the blow ratio increased with increasing number of carbons at 70°C where all kinds of sodium alkyl sulfonate were soluble in water. C16 sodium alkyl sulfonate have the high detaching action. The transport action was decided by the pressure in foam, dynamic film tension and thickness of film. Detergency was affected by the detaching action more than by the transport action. Removal of C16 was highest by the excellent detaching action.View full abstractDownload PDF (810K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1992 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages 684-688
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (528K)
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