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Volume 36, Issue 1
Displaying 1-29 of 29 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 6-8
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 12-17
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 18-23
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 24-30
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 31-37
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 38-43
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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Hitomi Ushioda, Toshinari Nakajima1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 44-52
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn hot summer we often feel discomfort. It seems that this sense is caused by soaking and humid sense. But nobody knows which sensory receptor of human being accepts soaking and humid senses.
Under four different experimental conditions we measured coefficients of dynamic friction and sensory evaluation on soaking, temperature, pressure, clinging and sandy for five subjects using oblong plain samples (cotton, linen and silk fabrics) containing water.
When under different conditions we measured coefficients of dynamic friction at the same sample for each subjects and model, we got different coefficients of dynamic friction.
As under four conditions each environmental vapor pressure was greater, those differences of coefficients were greater. Because human perspiration at skin surface was different under each environmental condition. Therefore we recognized that perspiration at skin was controlled by absolute humidity of environmental condition rather than by ralative humidity.
And it turned out that under the same condition, sample, and subjective dynamic soaking sensation was wetter than that of static. It was considered that this difference resulted from difference of pressure, so we predicted soaking sense (Z) by temperature (X) and pressure (Y) senses, and there was a high coefficient of correlation. Therefore we confirmed that soaking sense could be estimated by using temperature and pressure senses.
It is an interesting knowledge that we can estimate soaking sense by measurement of temperature and pressure sensations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1078K) -
Tomoko Midorikawa, Hiromi Tokura1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 53-59
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of athletic shoes on microclimate inside the shoes and handgrip exercise. Nine female subjects wearing high cut athletic shoes or low cut athletic shoes participated as the subjects. Handgrip exercise performance was measured as the tolerance time and the number of contractions by handgrip exercise after three series of running exercise on the treadmill with the speed of 60m/min at an ambient temperature of 28±1 °C and relative humidity of 50±5 %. The air temperature and relative humidity inside the athletic shoes were significantly higher in the high cut athletic shoes than in the low cut ones. The exercise performances were significantly lower in the high cut athletic shoes than in the low cut ones. We will discuss these results from the viewpoint of thermophysiology.View full abstractDownload PDF (2172K) -
Kyoko Yoshida, Fumi Egawa, Takeshi Yasuda1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 60-67
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe field tests were carried out to compare the clothing comfort between hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials during four seasons in the uphill road to the Mt. Rokko.
The results were summarized as follows;
(1) In spring or autumn season, cotton underwear is more comfortable than polypropylene wearing on the skin side, because of slow increasing rate of humidity within clothing. In addition, the tactile sensation of cotton is better than polypropylene underwear.
(2) In summer, cotton underwear which has good moisture and water absorption properties is comfortable under the low level of sweating condition. However, cotton is changed into discomfort by heavy sweating condition. Polypropylene rather keeps dryness on the skin than cotton underwear.
(3) In winter, the difference of clothing comfort between both underwears is not found obviously under the climate conditions of this study because of wearing sweater and windbreaker.
Therefore, it is important for determining the evaluation of textile and clothing comfort to consider about environmental factors based on the practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
—Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Varibalility—Yoshiko Nagayama, Tadashi Nakamura, Yoshiaki Hayashida, Minoru Ohmura, ...1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 68-73
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of wearing a hard-type girdle on cardiovascular function was investigated with continuous measurements of electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure by Finapres, and power spectral analysis (maximum entropy method) of heart rate variability.
Eleven female subjects participated in this study, who had no cardiovascular disease and were not in the habits of smoking and wearing girdles. They wore one or two pieces of the hard-type short girdle, fitted on each body size at a standing position.
Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher with the girdle than without one. RR interval and standard deviation (SD) of RR interval significantly increased by wearing the girdle. Heart rate significantly decreased by wearing the girdle. Power spectral analysis showed that the ratio of low-frequency component to high-frequency component significantly decreased by wearing the girdle.
The results suggested that wearing of girdles produced cardiovascular responses accompanied by the change in the balance of sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) nervous activity, presumably due to the shift of the body fluid.View full abstractDownload PDF (666K) -
Yuki Sato, Akiko Fujimura, Sizue Ohno1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 74-81
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently “KAIRO (disoosable body warmer) ” has come into use for heating of local part of the body in cold environments. In order to examine the physical reaction to heating of local part of the body with “KAIRO” and effect of clothes, we have made a prototype heating device of “KAIRO” type, and experiments were performed on the condition that wearing two sort of clothes (lclo and 2clo) in a laboratory (15°C, 50±5%RH) . We measured skin temperature and pulse waves, as well as thermal and comfort sensation. Heated parts were neck, abdomen, hip, upper arm, thigh. The rise in skin temperature around local heating points appeared rather upside and downside than left and right side. The effect of clothes on mean skin temperature and pulse waves thermal and comfort sensation were observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3726K) -
Shinsaku Ishikura, Takanori Yamamoto, Naoko Yamamae, Nobuko Yamana1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 82-89
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the physiolgical effects of the compression in lower-limbs upon the changes of skin temperature. The test was made on one male and ten female subjects wearing the different kinds of elastic support type knit products. The skin temperature was measured by using a thermograph and was analyzed in detail. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The skin temperature of hands increased by wearing the supporters and various kinds of pantyhose. (2) The compression in the lower-limbs with supporters and various kinds of pantyhose alters the mechanism of body temperature regulations as a consequence of the stimulation of the pressure receptor: As a result, pressure-sweating reflection occurred on the hands. (3) Thermography can be measured for giving physiologi-cal indices of the pressure, because the skin temperature differed in compliance with various kinds of pantyhose.View full abstractDownload PDF (3911K) -
Hitomi Ushioda, Sung-Sim Choi, Toshinari Nakajima1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 90-94
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing fake furs made of acrylic fiber, effect of hairiness on heat and moisture transport through two types of clothing was measured. One of wearing clothing types was fabric with hairiness facing to skin and another was that with hairiness facing to the atmospheric air.
There was no difference in heat and moisture transport between directions of hairiness in sedentary position. But there were some differences in skin temperature and in skin vapor pressure in exercise and after exercise. On wearing clothing with hairiness facing to the skin, there was high temperature, and on wearing fabrics with hairiness facing to the atmospheric air there was high skin vapor pressure.
It was an interesting knowledge that there were some differences on heat and moisture transport between directions of hairiness on wearing clothing using same fabrics. We recognized that important factors on heat and moisture transport through clothing were textile, surface structure, hairiness, and contact condition of skin and clothing.View full abstractDownload PDF (647K) -
Kiyomi Sugai, Tuneo Chinzei1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 95-101
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of clothing material on skin temperature and wearing sensation have been studied for subjects kept at rest under changing ambient vapor pressures. Subjects wore a different side of the two-layered fabrics, made of cotton and polyester fibers, facing the skin on the left and right half of the human body.
Changes in mean skin temperature were larger when subjects wore the cotton side of the clothing facing the skin. This was true during both the increasing and decreasing period of ambient vapor pressure. The same results were obtained when subjects wore the cotton side facing the skin on either side of the body.
Fluctuations in skin temperature were investigated by spectral analysis. Power spectral densities on the forehead were larger than those on the chest. This reflects the fact that the chest and forehead adjust to temperature in different ways. It is also attributed to the fact that the forehead is exposed to the environment directly.
The thermal, sweating, soaking and comfort sensations of subjects showed no difference between cotton and polyester fibers. The relation between this kind of wearing sensation and environmental factors shows that vapor pressure inside the clothing considerably affects wearing sensation.View full abstractDownload PDF (912K) -
Noriko Ito, Mari Inoue, Masae Nakanishi, Masako Niwa1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 102-108
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe biaxial extension and stress relaxation properties of the six girdle fabrics were measured. Furthermore, wearing comfort and clothing pressure of these girdles were measured. And, these data were discussed. The results were as follows:
1) Total comfort of girdles were corelated with the sensation of softness, smoothness and touchness of the girdle.
2) The clothing pressure of girdles was higher on the both side faces of the body compared with the one on the front or the back face. The comfortable pressure values on the hip, the front thigh and the back one was about 8, 13 and 9gf /cm2, respectively.
3) The pressure of the polyether-ester fabric's girdles on the body did not vary compared with the polyurethan's one.
4) The change of the clothing pressure in standing or moving condition related to the biaxial extension and stress relaxationn properties of the girdle's fabrics.View full abstractDownload PDF (665K) -
Ayako Inamura, Masae Nakanishi, Masako Niwa1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 109-118
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the fabric physical properties and the wearing comfort of girdles. As the result of the wear test using semantic differential method, subjects are divided into three groups according to total ratings and wearing comfort, i, e, subjects who prefer a soft type girdle with less pressure to the body and those who prefer a hard type girdle with high pressure to the body. Wearing comfort correlates to the tensile properties in the wale direction and shear properties of fabrics. The shape formation effect to the body is a result of the shear properties of fabrics in the soft type, and of the tensile properties in the hard type.
For the hand of girdles, the tactile sensation has a high correlation with the surface properties of fabrics. The evaluation for hand of girdles has the same tendencies as that of the primary hands of high-quality women's thin dress. The heat, water and air transmission properties were shown to have little effect on the wearing comfort of girdles.View full abstractDownload PDF (2803K) -
Tomoko Koshiba, Teruko Tamura1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 119-124
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the mechanism of wet sensation of the human skin, two series of the experiments were conducted. In the experiment I, wet filter paper was used as the wet stimulator and the effects of size of stimulator (12.5cm, 7.5cm, 5cm, 2.5cm), on the wet sensation were examined on the 26 body regions of 5 female subjects. In the experiment II, wet cotton knit fabric was used as the wet stimulator and the effects of water temperature, water amount, weight and sliding motion of stimulator on the wet sensation were examined on the 6 body regions of 10 female subjects.
As a result, thermal factors such as temperature difference and heat flow between wet stimulator and the skin, were the most effective factors governing the wet sensation. The dynamic factors such as weight, pressure and amount of water were also effective but less than thermal factors. The regional differences of the sensitivity of wet sensation suggested the relationship between wet sensation and the density of somatic-sensation such as thermal spots and tactile spots.View full abstractDownload PDF (768K) -
Teruko Tamura, Tomoko Koshiba1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 125-131
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe general humidity sensation and the other psychological and physiological responses of the 24 female subjects were examined under the condition of changing relative humidity from 30% to 80% at 25, 31, and 37°C of air temperature, respectively. Effect of inspiring dry gas on the humidity sensation was also examined under the similar humidity conditions at 31°C.
The sensitivity of the general humidity sensation increased with the air temperature and inspiring dry gas from mouth and nose depressed the general humidity sensation.
The results suggested that the main factors contributing to the humidity sensation of the human body were the evaporative heat transfer required from the heat balance between human body and environment (Ereq) as well as the real evaporative heat loss from the skin surface (Esk) .
The mechanism of general humidity sensation was discussed in relation to the skin wettedness by Gagge and Humid Comfort Index (Esk/Ereq) proposed in this paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (878K) -
Atsuko Kawabata, Hiromi Tokura, Hiroshi Kiyokawa, Norikazu Ninomiya1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 132-137
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPresent paper aimed to study the effects of three types of sleeping bag upon thermophysiological responses during night sleep at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 5°C, Sleeping bag A has thicker padding in its upper half than in its lower half, sleeping bag B thicker padding in its lower half than in its upper half and sleeping bag C padding of equal weight in its upper and lower halves. All three types of sleeping bag weighed 1, 880g each. Thus, the experiments were executed to know which sites of the body should be specially insulated thickly by the different padding of the sleeping bag to induce deeper sleep at the cold. The subjects retired at 22: 30, using either of the sleeping bag A, B and C, and rose at 6: 30 in the following morning. Rectal and skin temperatures at 5 sites (chest, flank, palm, sole, instep) and heart rate were measured every 10 min during the experimental period. Main results are summarized as follows: 1) The level of rectal temperatures during night sleep was kept to be the lowest in the sleeping bag B, intermediate in the sleeping bag C and the highest in the sleeping bag A. 2) Sole and instep skin temperatures were the highest in the sleeping bag B. 3) Chest skin temperatures were the highest in the sleeping bag A. 4) Heart rate resembled the behavior of rectal temperatures in three types of sleeping bag. 5) Most subjects preferred the sleeping bag B to other two types.View full abstractDownload PDF (2118K) -
Nobuko Okada1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 138-145
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of clothing pressure on Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SEP) .
Surface electrodes were placed in the scalp positions Cz and C4'. The SEP was recorded on the middle- and long-latency. Four female subjects put on a thermistor for monitoring respiration. A single electrical stimulation to the median nerve was given at the ending of inspiration or expiration. The subjects were instructed to carry out active voluntary clunching movements with the hand being stimulated. They wore the waist cuff band and this was pressured at about 30 mmHg. Averages were composed of 128 sweeps. Peak latencies and amplitudes of the SEP components were measured and mean values for those were calculated.
1) Peak latencies showed a shortening at C4' than at Cz.
2) The effects of clothing pressure involved more specific change in the SEP at Cz then at C4'.
3) In the scalp position Cz, the mean amplitude of P2-N3 was in the following order: inspiratory phase during deep breathing >expiratory phase>inspiratory phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (917K) -
Nobuko Okada1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 146-153
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between the pressure sensation and the clothing pressure was discussed for clothing design.
1) Ultrasonic graphs of the waist line were taken by means of ultrasonic tomography for three female subjects. Human cross-sectional anatomy was composed using the graphs.
(1) It was found that the external oblique and rectus abdominis muscles contract during expiration.
(2) The clothing pressure was considered to be influenced by the thickness and distribution of subcutaneous fat.
2) Twenty eight subjects were questioned on the pressure sensation at each part of waist-line (front, front-side, side, back-side and back) when the waist cuff band was pressed at 10-60mmHg. The clothing pressure was measured by inserting the pouch between the waist cuff band and the skin at each point.
(1) The relationship between the logarithm of the clothing pressure (X), logX, and the pressure sensation (Y) was well represented by straight line and well fitted to the equation of Weber and Fechner.
(2) The pressure sensation was the most sensitive at the front side in waist line and was the least sensitive at the back.View full abstractDownload PDF (2182K) -
Kozo Hirata, Minako Yoshida1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 154-161
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of cuff compression on skin blood flow (SBF), skin temperature (Tsk) and pressure sensation (PS) were studied in six female subjects, when the cuff pressure was applied for 10 min. in the upper extremity. Cuff pressure from 10 to 40mmHg and cuff width from 3 to 15cm were used. Decreases in SBF and finger and forearm Tsk, and increase in PS during compression were proportional to the rate of cuff pressure and were in proportion to the cuff width below 7cm. When cuffs above 7cm were applied, changes in those parameters were nearly constant. There was a positive correlation between PS with compression and cuff width below 13cm. Influences on SBF, and finger and forearm Tsk during recovery from the compression, were relatively greater in the compression of lOmmHg with 3cm-width than the others. These results suggest that singnificant physiological influences appeared even under the lower compression.View full abstractDownload PDF (924K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 162-164
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 165-171
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 172-176
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 177-180
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 181-184
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 185-188
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1995 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 189-191
Published: January 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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