An apparatus has been devised to measure twist of fabric in rotating liquid flow, velocity of which is controlled by rotating blades in the liquid. Measurements were made with this apparatus.
The results obtained are:
1) The twisting velocity of the specimen is proportional to the rotational velocity of the blades.
2) In the steady state that the rotational velocity of each part of the specimen has become constant, the final number of twists of the specimen is proportional to the rotational velocity of the blades. From this result it is shown that the torque to twist the specimen is proportional to the square of the final number of twists.
3) In the steady state the rotational velocity of each part of the specimen is proportional to the rotational velocity of the blades.

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An apparatus with which twisting of fabric, liquid flow within fabric and particle retention can be measured has been devised to investigate an influence of liquid flow within fabric on washing efficiency. The following results have been obtained by twisting cotton fabrics soiled with carbon black.
1) The velocity of liquid flow within fabric is proportional to the twisting velocity of fabric. Therefore, the energy given from liquid flow within fabric is proportional to product of third power of twisting velocity and total twisting time.
2) A relationship is represented by a curve showing that higher the energy given by the liquid flow, the lower the particle retention percentage. Therefore, the experimental results that the larger the twisting velocity or the number of twist, the smaller the particle retention can also be theoretically well explained.
3) From the particle retention obtained, it is well thought that the liquid flow within fabric affects washing result considerably.

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