[in Japanese]

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The influences of stability of protease activity in the presence of surfactants upon the removal of blood protein stains were studied by using the fabrics soiled with bovine blood (whole blood and blood serum) .
In the washing of blood protein stains on the fabrics by anionic surfactant·protease system using DBS and AOS as surfactants, different from the case of nonionic surfactant·protease system using APE, the negative removal effects were found because of the decrease of activity of protease causing by the kinds of anionic surfactants and the concentration, and also the temperature of washing solution. On the other hand, when alkaline protease with protease activity of 10PU/ml produced by Bacillus subtilisin var. were used in the washing by surfactant·protease system at 40°C, the removal efficiency of blood protein stains were inversely increased although the protease activity was reduced in the presence of surfactants. This is because the detergency of blood protein stains are remarkably affected by the amount of protease remaining in the washing solution, the substrate specificity and temperature characteristics of protease.

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The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of clothing habits on health from two aspects; the rate of catching a cold during winter, and thermal homeostasis against the cold in relation to skin temperature.
1) It was found by epidemiological surveys conducted in both Osaka and Guildford that those who wore less clothing had a lower rate of catching a cold than those who wore more clothing in all the three populations; Japanese school pupils, office workers and English office workers. With Japanese respondents, those who wore less clothing during autumn but did not so during winter had again a lower rate than those who wore more clothing through both seasons.
2) In moderate conditions where every subjects (Japanese female office workers) felt comfortable no significant difference in mean skin temperature (MST) was observed between the groups of subjects who habitually wear less (L group) and those who wear more clothing (H group) . In the cold condition specified, however, it was revealed that the L group was able to maintain their MST within the comfortable zone while MST for the H group decreased out of that zone.

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