In this study, 3D 50th percentile body manikins of Chinese and Japanese people were made, and impressions of Chinese and Japanese students were investigated based on the body shape differences for various age groups and nationalities. Twelve 3D 50th percentile body manikins were made, comprising a Japanese female aged between 18 and 25 (J1825F), a Japanese male 18-25 (J1825M), a Japanese female 26-35 (J2635F), a Japanese male 26-35 (J2635M), a Japanese female 36-55 (J3655F), a Japanese male 36-60 (J3660M), a Chinese female 18-25 (C1825F), a Chinese male 18-25 (C1825M), a Chinese female 26-35 (C2635F), a Chinese male 26-35 (C2635M), a Chinese female 36-55 (C3655F), and a Chinese male 36-60 (C3660M) . Paper patterns for twelve sets of semi-formal suits were made. Then, these patterns were simulated as 3D garments, which were to be worn by the twelve 3D 50th percentile body manikins. Stimuli were shown by a PowerPoint presentation using these manikins with or without semi-formal suits according to the rules of the pairwise comparison method. We surveyed 144 Japanese and 154 Chinese students. The survey suggested that there was no clear recognition of the body figure differences between the manikins based on their nationalities; however, differences between the body figures of various age groups were partially recognized.

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The authors measured 17 items of the lower part of the body in standing and sitting postures and 2 items of the body form (height and weight) for 69 women (ranging in age from 19 to 23 years old) to obtain basic data for designing pants pattern attaching importance to sitting posture, and considered the difference in the item data between both the standing and sitting postures
The authors observed that“waist girth”, “maximum thigh girth”, “length from waist line (W.L.) to lateral malleolus point”, “abdominal extension girth”, “hip girth”, “length from W.L, to patella center”, and“length from W.L. to popliteal fossa”had significant correlations between the standing and sitting postures, though the correlation coefficient of the last two items were not so high.
There was a comparatively apparent tendency in the changes of“length from W.L. to popliteal fossa”, “length from W.L. to patella center”and“hip girth”between the standing and sitting postures. The relations among the three items mentioned above and the body form were considered but obvious relations were not found out from the view points of the component scores in a principal component analysis and BMI (Body Mass Index) reflecting the body form.
From a canonical correlation analysis using two important variables in designing the pattern of pants, namely, “length from W.L. to popliteal fossa”and “hip girth” in the sitting posture as criterion variables, the authors showed that“length from W.L. to popliteal fossa (sitting posture) ”had the highest correlation with“length from W. L. to patella center (standing posture) ”, and“hip girth (sitting posture) ” had a deep correlation with “hip girth (standing posture) ”, “body weight” and“waist girth (standing posture) ”.
Two linear multiple regression equations of which criterion variables were“length from W.L. to popliteal fossa” and “hip girth”in the sitting posture, were obtained using the item data in the standing posture. The explanatory variables selected here agreed well with the result by the canonical correlation analysis.“Length from W.L. to popliteal fossa”and“hip girth in the sitting posture which are important for the pattern of pants will be calculated from the linear multiple regression equations obtained in this study. Both the variables estimated from the multiple regression equations have higher degree of accuracy than the values obtained from simple regression equations.

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