巻号一覧
76 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1～5を表示しています
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永井 英明, 川辺 芳子, 長展山 直弘, 田中 良明, 西山 守, 鈴木 まゆみ, 益田 公彦, 馬場 基男, 堀 彰宏, 田村 厚久, ...2001 年 76 巻 11 号 p. 679-684
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーThe number of patients co-infected with human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) in our hospital is increasing year after year. Although most patients were HIV tested because of miliary tuberculosis or extra?pulmonary tuberculosis, some patients were found HIV seropositive by chance.
In order to determine the incidence of H IV seropositivity among TB patients, HIV testing was carried out in TB patients for two years from January 1998 with the consent of patients. TB patients who received anti?HIV antibody examination were 164 in 1998, and 149 in 1999 and among them HIV seropositive TB patients were 4 in 1998 and 6 in 1999.
The incidence of HIV seropositivity was 3. 2 % in all TB patients, 28. 6 % in miliary TB patients, and 1. 0 % in typical TB patients. The number of patients co-infected with HIV and TB in Tokyo was estimated by using these HIV seropositivity, it was 23 cases/year among miliary TB patients and 16 cases/year among typical TB patients.
As there were many HIV?infected persons and many TB patie nts in Tokyo, it was thought that HIV testing in TB patients was important for the early detection of HIV infection and the early initiation of HIV treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (891K) -
大崎 能伸, 武井 明2001 年 76 巻 11 号 p. 685-689
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーTo assess the risk of tuberculosis infection in medical and nursing school students, tuberculin skin tests were carried out in the two-step manner. The second tuberculin skin test was repeated two weeks later excluding those who were strongly positive in the first test. BCG vaccination was done with the consent of students who showed negative reaction twice. Medical interview and revaluation of prior routine chest radiogram were made on students who were strongly positive. Prophylactic INH medication was considered to those who are at high risk of tuberculosis.
Eight hundred thirty eight stu dents underwent the two-step tuberculin skin test, and among them, 771 students showed the positive reaction on the first test (92.0 %) which included 58 weakly positive (6.9 % ), 347 intermediately positive (41.4 % ) and 366 strongly positive (43.7 % ) and 2 not- measurable (0.2 % ), and 65 students were negative ( 7.8 % ). The average size of the erythema was 30.9±18.8 mm on the first test and 37.9 ± 20.6 mm on the second test. Twenty one students were negative on the second tuberculin skin test, and among them, 15 received BCG vaccination. Out of eight students who were vaccinated with BCG in 1999 and were followed up in the next year, 6 (75.0 % ) converted to positive. Strongly positive reaction was seen in 28 students (3.3 %) and one of them underwent prophylactic medication of INH according to her family history of exposure to tuberculosis. Key words: Two-step teberculin skin test, Medical and nursing school students, Tuberculosis抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (814K) -
―保健面・医療面福祉面・労働面からの連携の必要性―飯降 聖子, 藤田 次郎, 矢島 宏泰, 角田 宏志, 坂本 倫子, 松村 淳子2001 年 76 巻 11 号 p. 691-698
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーAn outbreak of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a dormitory of construction laborers took place, and this outbreak was presumed to be caused by the same sourse of infection, based on the results of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and other findings. After the first patient was admitted to the hospital with active TB, 18new other TB patients were discovered by repeated contacts examinations. They were all male and single, and were aged from 41 to 67 years old (mean age 51.7). Among 19patients, only 4 patients had a health insurance. As these patients lived together in the same dormitory, to prevent infection through close contact in the dormitory, repeated contacts examinations were further performed. In addition, several medical, social, and economical interventions were needed for these patients. It was also required to improve labor conditions in this construction company. It was concluded that comprehensive approaches including public health, medical treatment, social welfare, and labor management aspects were indispensable to prevent TB among relatively poor laborers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1384K) -
阿部 千代治2001 年 76 巻 11 号 p. 699-706
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーIn 1994, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) launched a global project on anti?tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance. The results from the first 4 years (1994-1997) and the second 4 years (1996-1999) of the projects were reported in 1998 and 2000, respectively. These surveillance results showed that resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs is a global problem. The reports also showed that there were several hot spots around the world where prevalence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB, defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin) was particularly high and could possibly threaten control programs.
The Tuberculosis Research Committee of Japan (Ryoken) has conducted nationwide surveys for drug resistant tuberculosis at 2- or 5-yearly intervals since 1957. The 1997survey showed that among patients with no prior treatment, resistance to any of the four drugs was found in 10.3 %, and the prevalence of primary MDR was 0.8%. The prevalence of drug resistance in the previously treated cases was 42.4 % for any of the four drugs and 19.7 % for MDR, indicating a high prevalence rate compared with those reported in the global project. Compared with the previous survey in 1992, the current survey shows increased prevalence of drug resistance in both new and re-treatment cases. No significant differences in resistance rates by sex, age group, nationality, district, and/or accompanying diseases were observed in any of the new or re-treatment cases. Other factors associated with the high prevalence in re-treatment cases remain to be determined.
A total of 78 hospitals in various districts of Japan participated the cooperative study. Each collaborating laboratory sent all the isolated mycobacterial cultures to the Research Institute of Tuberculosis (RIT). In the local laboratories, the absolute concentration method using 1 % Ogawa egg slant, its modified methods using a 48-well plate and a 16-well plate, combination of above 2 or 3 methods, and other method were used for drugsusceptibility testing, and the proportion method using 1 % Ogawa egg slant was used in the RIT. The results in the local laboratories were compared with those in the RIT. There was no significant difference in the concordance rates according to the test drugs among methods for drug susceptibility testing used in the local laboratories. Relatively lower concordance rates were seen in the laboratories using the Microtiter method related to high overestimation rates, compared with those in the laboratories using the standard method and Well—pack method. However, relatively lower concordance rates (less than 90%) were seen in the laboratories using any of the three methods, indicating that there are variations among facilities.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1239K) -
―地域支援の立場から―国分 恵子, 犬塚 君雄2001 年 76 巻 11 号 p. 707-713
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2011/05/24
ジャーナル フリーSymposium Topics &
Presenters:
1. The measure of Nagoya-shi: Satori ODAUCHI (Nagoya-shi Nakamura Health Center)
2. The measure of Yokohama-shi:
-From the Position of Adminis tration Worker: Kayoko SHINBORI (Yokohama-shi Department of Health)
-From the Position of Hospital Worker: Kanemitsu KAWADA (National Sanatoria
Minami Yokohama Hospital)
-From the Position o f Case worker: Masaaki MACHIDA
-From the Position of Welfare Worker: Akihir o OOKAWA (Yokohama-shi Department of Welfare Kotobuki Home)
3. The measure of Kanagawa
Prefectura l Health Center: Hisashi HARADA (Kanagawa Prefectural Hatano Health and Welfare Center)
Supervisor: Chika SHIRAI (Kobe-shi Health Center)
Norio FUJII (Section on Tubercular i n f e ction, Ministry of Welfare & Labor)
A symposium with “Medical Treatment Support to Tuberculous Patients?From the standpoint of community support” as its theme was held at the 76th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis (April 20, 2001). “Once, It is infected with tuberculosis, one have to complete medication with a sensitive antituberculosis drug by observing the prescribed dose and duration for successful treatment” For this to be promoted community, it is necessary that (1) to manage patient's medication by medical facilities, (2) to support patient's medication by health center and (3) to support patient's living by welfare offices. Not that each facilities takes such responsibilities alone, but various community must fulfill them continuously in liaison with one another. On what measures should be taken to that end, reports based on practical examples from Nagoya City, Yokohama City and Kanagawa Prefecture have been compiled as follows.
1. It was in-office liaison by conference that supported the DOTS activities of health nurses.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1115K)
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