This is a basic research study to make clear the cognitive process in child's learning activities. The objective of the experiment is to make clear the difference of psycho-physiological activities between recognizing identity and difference. The study was undertaken to measure electroencephalogram and plethysmogram in 7 undergraduate students, in place of children, as induced by recognizing them. Power spectrum of θ-wave, α_1-wave, and α_2-wave in electroencephalogram, and pulse wave amplitude and period of plethysmogram were analyzed as indexes by using R-mode factor analysis and R-mode cluster analysis. Three kinds of simple pictures were used for the objective. The experiment was undertaken using four stages which were of rest time (REL), perception of blue right stimula (B.S.), recognizing identity (IDE.), and recognizing difference (DIF.). The results are summarized as follows; (1) The psycho-physiological activities induced by each stage of REL., B.S., IDE., and DIF. are different from each other, but there are similarities between the activities induced by the former two stages, and also, between the latter two stages. (2) Though the activities induced by recognizing identity and difference have the similarity, it is considered that the recognition of identity induces more complex psycho- physiological activities than the recognition of difference.
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