Petroleum-ether extract of pyrethrum flowers concentrated to the commercial concentration is a brown liquid containing about 20% of pyrethrin. When it is allowed to stand for about one week, wax-like precipitate is formed as semi-solid masses at the bottom of the container. From the unsaponifiable matter, which were obtained from the above-mentioned wax-like precpitate, the author could isolate several substances such as β-amyrenol (β-amyrin), ceryl alcohol, hentriacontane, nonacosane or octacosane, and other substances.

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V_ELDSTRA⁽¹⁾ has suggested that a substance should have the following two main requirements to be active as a plant growth substance.
1. A ring system with a high surface activity;
2. A carboxyl group in a very definite spatial position with respect to the ring system.
In the previous paper (Part V) it has been reported by us that 1, 4-dihydro- and 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-naphthoic acid have strong activity to produce epinasty for tomato-plants.
In this paper the surface activity of these new plant hormones and substances previously known as plant-hormones have been measured by polarographic method. One example of the polarogram is shown in Fig. 1. The determination of HSV (Half Suppression Value) is shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. Results obtained are illustrated in Tables 2 and 3. Thus the surface activity is indicated by HSV.
These results suggest that the surface activity decreases in parallel with the increase of the degree of saturation of the ring system. Concerning “d” and “l” isomers, their HSV are not so different as their physiological activities. Naphthoic acid-2 derivatives, which have no physiological activity, have almost the same surface activity as the corresponding derivatives of naphthoic acid-1.
Therefore the physiological activity of plant growth substance does not directly depend upon the surface activity.

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An attempt was made to prepare the food yeast by utilizing the by-products in the processes of manufacturing alginic acid from brown seaweeds (Eckeloria cava KJELLMAN).
1) For the extraction of sugary substances in the process of treatment with dilute acid, both the submerged method with 0.6_??_0.8% sulfuric acid for 24 hrs. and the shaking method with 0.4_??_0.6% acid for 2 hrs, were found to be highly efficient.
2) The other by-products, the residue of alkali extraction and the filtrate of alginic acid-precipita-tion, were of no value for the preparation of yeast.
3) The assimilability of mannit of Candida sp. No. 2 was not promoted by the addition of glucose, peptone, asparagine and ammonium sulfate, but a slight effect was observed when phosphate was added.
4) “Acid-soluble alkali-insoluble substances” in the acid-extracts of the seaweed disturbed V. B₁ extraction from rice bran due to the formation of turbid matter, but V. B₁ could be effectively extracted after the removal of the turbid matter and the subsequent adjustment of pH.
5) Using the medium treated as mentioned in 4), about 9g of the dry yeast containing V. B₁50 γ/g was obtained from 100g of the seaweed.

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The total vitamin B₂ of different species of seaweeds was determined by the lumiflavin method according to KUHN (Table 6). The conditions of the measurement were examined. The samples were dried at about 100°C to the moisture 8_??_10% and were ground up. Vitamin B₂ was extracted with hot water or 30% methanol, and was estimated after decomposition with light in the alkaline solution.

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As reported previously, an aerobic-spore-forming lactic acid bacterium was isolated by one of tne authors, and was named, for the time being, the J. II bacterium.
Under pure culture, it produces _L-(dextro)-lactic acid, contrary to Lactobacillus delbrückii, which produces _D-(levo)-lactic acid.
The culture conditions and the utility of the J. II. bacterium were examined in comparison with Lactobacillus delbrückii on the semi-industrial scale (1_??_2 tons scale). It was found that the yield of lactic acid by the J. II. bacterium was equal or superior to that by Lactobacillus delbrückii, i.e., glucose of the raw material was converted to lactic acid almost completely (97% yield). Under the open tank system on the industrial scale, however, inactive lactic acid was obtained in both cases notwithstanding their original _L- or _D-type.

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(1) Natural variation in monospore lines of Koji-molds (Asp. oryzae, Asp. sojae and its related strains) isolated from the commercial Koji materials or soils and from the stock cultures of the authors' laboratory has been observed.
(2) There seem to be two groups of strains in. about 100 strains of Koji molds investigated, one group consists of inconstant strains which are very liable to produce natural variants and the other consists of the strains which remain constant through many generations.
(3) The inconstant strains exhibit conidia bearing partly floccose colonies (X-type). They form generally large conidia. (Asp. oryzae var. magnasporus⁽¹⁾ and some members belonging to Asp. oryzae s. str. which produce large conidia occasionally). The colonies of the constant strains show abundant conidium formation and smooth surface (S type or sporogenous type). Sizes of the conidia are mostly small (Asp. oryzae var. microsporus⁽¹⁾) or medium (Asp. oryzae s. str.).
(4) The variations are more frequent among so called “wild strains” isolated from soils or Koji factories than among the strains from stock cultures, or “culture strains”
(5) The colony types of the variants on Czapek agar are as follows: S (sporogenous, whole surface covered with conidia), F (floccose), FR (F-restricted), FN (floccose but very faint growth upon Czapek agar, or nitrate less assimilative strains⁽²⁾), N (no growth on Czapek agar, or nitrate non-assimilative, ) LS (semi-lethal, or growth being stopped directly after germination), L. (lethal, or no growth on any media).
(6) Pedigree cultures of 8 incostant strains have been carried out, but no definite segregation ratios of each variant type has been recognized through successive generations. (7). Strains belonging to each variant type have ordinarily become constant or fixed after 5 or 6 generations of pedigree cultures which were carried out at the intervals of 10_??_14 days, 80_??_100 colonies by monospore culture being taken at each generation. From old cultures of some fixed strains which have-been kept for about 5 months at room temperature, remarkable segregations have again been recognized. (8). The LS or L type strains have commonly been obtainable from the. strains of the F-type.

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(1) We have reduced the amount of reagents and the size of apparatus of Harris' chromatographic method to 1/3_??_1/5 without losing accuracy.
(2) The most suitable silica gel for the chromatographic analysis of γ-BHC is that with a small adsorption capacity below 5% in the vapor pressure shown by 30% H₂SO₄ solution at 30°C.

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A new compound was obtained as the crystalline sublimate by destructive distillation from several species of Penicillium and Aspergillus. It was ascertained that this substance was one of the components of their spores and not the product formed secondarily by the destructive distillation. We gave to this substance the name “fungisporin”. It was found that fungisporin consisted of C, H, N and O, having a decomposition pt. 355_??_60°.
(C₁₃H₁₆O₂N₂)x was proposed as the experimental formula of fungisporin. The fungisporin was not soluble in the majority of solvents, both organic and inorganic, and therefore, its alkyl and acyl derivatives could not be prepared.
By treating with a conc. soln. of HNO₃, it gave p-nitrobenzoic acid and a crystalline substance, mp. 132_??_5°, containing N.
By treating with a conc. soln. of HCl, it gave an amine, having an experimental formula C₈H₁₃O₂ N. The function of this amine is identified as the primary amine.
The absorption spectrum of infrared ray showed the existence of the following groups such as -OH, or=NH, -CH=CH-, -CONH₂, -CH₂-, and -CH₃. From these results, we assume that the fungisporin is a high molecular substance somewhat similar to a simple protein.

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1. The influences upon amylase forming ability of Asp. oryzae by addition of several organic acids to the CZAPEK medium (surfure culture) were studied.
2. Aconitic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, oxalacetic acid and malonic acid were effective and pyruvic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid and succinic acid were ineffective upon amylase formation.

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1. To enrich the various aerobic cellulolytic bacteria, 68 soils, from Hokkaido and the east of themainland of Japan, were inoculated in filter-paper medium under various conditions. Sporocotophaga was dominant bacteria in the forest soils.
2. 13 stains of Sporocytophaga were isolated and studied taxonomically, and 4 new different stains were found out of these 13 strains.
They are: Sporocytophaga ochracea nov. sp.
Sporocytophaga myxococcoides α
Sporocytophaga myxococcoides β
Sporocytophaga myxococcoides γ
3. Based on these 4 strains, we propose that the key to the species of genus Sporocytophaga in Bergey's Manual 6 th, ed. must be subdivided.
4. Several interesting pictures of Sporocytophaga were obtained by electron-microscopic studies.
5. Another 4 new species of aerobic mesophillic cellulose-decomposing bacteria were isolated, which should be placed in genus Pseudomonas.
They are: Pseudomonas alboflava nov. sp.
Pseudomonas rubeorifaciens nov. sp.
Pseudomonas viscosissima nov. sp.
Pseudomonas fluorescens var. cellulosa.
6. Based on these 4 species, we propose that, the key to the species of genus Pseudomonas in Bergey's Manual 6th ed. must be subdivided.

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(1) The grid potential of the high frequency oscillator changes according to the magnitude of the electric conductivities of the ions in the reaction vessel. The degrees can be classified into four main groups, i.e. very high (strong acids), high (strong bases), medium (salts), low (weak acids).
(2) It was showed that in case the conductivity of the solution increases, the titration curve ascends. But it remains horizontal or descends, respectively, as the conductivity remains constant or decreases.
(3) It was recognized that glycine reacted with NaOH in a diluted aqueous solution, but the reaction between glycine and HCl could not be recognized by this method.

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1. Deamination of _D-glucosamine with barium hypobrimite in aqueous solution has been studied. The product of the reaction was proved to be _D-arabinose which was identified by means of diphenylhydrazone, giving no depression of melting point when mixed with an authentic specimen of _D-arabinose diphenylhydrazone.
2. Deamination of _D-glucosamine with silver nitrite was also investigated. The deamination product under this condition was proved to be chitose in agreement with the result obtained by SCHORIGIN⁽⁶⁾.
3. It may be concluded that the different deamination products are due to the different deamination reagents and experimental conditions.

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The following N-glycosides of sulfanilamide, albucid, and sulfanilic acid have prepared by synthesis for the microbiological assay (with m. p.): sulfanilamide-N-_D-glucoside (210°), -N-_D-mannoside(204°), -N-_D-galactoside (syrup), -N-_L-arabinoside (197°), -N-_D-xyloside (157°), -N-_L-rhamnoside (181°), -N-_D-fructoside (syrup); albucid-N-_D-glucoside (159°), -N-_D-xyloside (121°); sulfanilic acid-N-_D-glucoside (>300°), -N-_D-mannoside (>300°), -N-_D-galactoside (>300°), -N-_L-arabinoside (>300°), -N-_D-xyloside (>300°), -N-_L, rhamnoside (>300°), and -N-_D-fructoside (>300°). Among others, the higher solubility in water is remarkable of the properties of these N-glycosides, particularly those of sulfanilic acid. Paper chromatographic analysis has been employed with success to help their identification.

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A preliminary experiment has been made on the effect of sulfanilamide-N-glycoside on the bacterial growth, using N-_D-glucoside as the test compound and B. coli communis as the test organism. Sulfanilamide-N-_D-glucoside is shown to lessen the inhibitory effect of the mother compound and N-glycosidation to be responsible for this effect by the comparison with sulfanilamide-_D-glucose mixture. A discussion has been given suggesting that the beneficial effect of N-glycosidation should be looked for the higher solubility and less toxicity.

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The riboflavin of feedstuffs used in Japan for poultry. is determined (Table 1). Among them the silkworm pupa has a very high riboflavin content as the author alrealy reported^*, and the feeding experiment shows that the defatted pupa is a good feedstuff both as riboflavin supplement and protein source (Tables 2 and 3). The pupa solubles have the highest riboflavin content.* T. KOYANAGE: Bull. Imp. Seri. Exp. Sata. 9, 205. (1939).

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Several experiments on Q-enzyme. of potato juice have been carried out to investigate the relation between the iodine-complex color of starch synthesized by various enzyme preparations, and their constituents. The results obtained are as follows:
1. The procedure to remove amylase from crude potato juice was examined. It was shown that active carbon treatment which had been adopted by us was the most effective for this purpose.
2. It is difficult to infer the formation of amylopectin by interpreting only the result of the observation of iodine-complex color of starch synthesized.
3. Characteristic differences of the color degree of iodine-starch complex among various starch fractions were observed with or without the use of the filter.

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